北洋法政专门学堂的设立 ESTABLISHMENT OF BEIYANG SPECIAL SCHOO...
清末司法的近代化，首先是法律人才的近代化，而其关键就在于全新的法律教育模式。于是，在变法修律之初，清政府就着手改革教育，创办新式学堂，培养新式人才。
The modernization of judicature in the late Qing Dynasty, first of all, is the modernization of legal talents, and the key lies in the brand-new legal education mode.Therefore, at the beginning of the law reform, the Qing government began to reform education, set up new schools and train new talents.
光绪二十八年（1902），清廷颁布《钦定学堂章程》，直到光绪三十一年（1905）宣布：“自丙午科为始，所有乡会试一律停止。各省岁科考试，亦停止。”正式终结了中国持续1300年的科举考试制度。
In 1902, the Qing court promulgated The School Rules Made by Imperial Order,until 1905, it is declared: “All township examinations will be stopped from the beginning of Bingwu.The annual examinations in various provinces have also stopped.” It officially ended the imperial examination system which lasted for 1300 years in China.
早在甲午战争结束后，北洋大学、京师大学堂、南洋公学、震旦学堂等新式学堂就先后设立了法律或政治学科。《钦定学堂章程》中大学专门学科分为政治、格致、文学、商务、农业、医术、工艺七科，其中政治分为政治学和法律学二目。而光绪三十年（1904）颁布的《奏定学堂章程》更加明确地将政法科分为法律门和政治门，奠定了具有近代意义的法政教育基础。
As early as after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Beiyang University,Jingshi University, Nanyang Public College, Zhendan School and other new schools have successively set up legal or political subjects.In The School Rules Made by Imperial Order, the specialized disciplines of universities are divided into seven subjects: politics, ethics, literature, commerce, agriculture, medical skills and crafts, among which politics is divided into two subjects: political science and law.However, in 1904, The Rules of Zouding School more clearly divided politics and law into law and politics, which laid the foundation of modern legal education.
1906年日俄战争中日本的胜利也激发了国人立宪的热情，全国掀起了法政学习之风，各地的法律学堂、法政学堂如雨后春笋般纷纷建立。其中最著名，影响力也最大的就是天津的北洋法政专门学堂。
Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War in 1906 also stimulated the enthusiasm of Chinese people for constitutionalism.The whole country set off a wind of studying law and politics, and law schools and law and politics schools all over the country mushroomed.Among them, the most famous and influential one is Tianjin Beiyang Special School of Law and Politics.
光绪三十二年（1906），袁世凯听取赴日考察的阎凤阁等人的建议，决定仿照日本法政学堂的模式，以“改良直隶全省吏治，培养佐理新政人才”为宗旨，创办一所北洋法政专门学堂。同年六月，袁世凯委任日本东京中央大学法学学士黎渊为监督（校长），筹建学堂。光绪三十三年（1907），北洋法政学堂校舍在新开河河坝下（今志成道33号）建成，蔚为壮观。
In 1906, Yuan Shikai listened to the suggestions of Yan Fengge and others who visited Japan, and decided to set up a Beiyang Special School of Law and Politics,following the model of Japanese law and politics school, with the aim of “improving the official management of Zhili province and cultivating talents who assisted in the New Deal”.In June of the same year, Yuan Shikai appointed Li Yuan, who graduated from Tokyo Central University in Japan with a bachelor's degree in law,as the supervisor (principal) to build the school.In 1907, the school building of Beiyang Law and Politics School was built under Xinkaihe River Dam (now No.33 Zhicheng Road), which was spectacular.
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位于天津老三岔河口北岸的直隶总督衙门辕门
The Yuanmen of Zhili Governor’s Yamen located on the north bank of the old Sancha River Estuary in Tianjin
学堂分设本科、简易科两类，亦称专门类、速成类。本科六年，其中预科、正科各三年。正科又分设政治、法律两科。政治科为政治、经济专业，法律科为本国法和国际法专业。正科毕业后授予证书并给予安置。正科三年的必修课程包括大清律例、大清会典、宪法、刑法、国际公法、国际私法、银行法、货币法、商法、西方政治学、财政学、经济学、应用经济学、地方自治、社会学、政治哲学、政治史、外交史、通商史等。此外，还有两门外语，第一外语是日语，第二外语可任选英、德、法语之一。
直隶总督衙门
Zhili Governor’s Yamen
Schools are divided into two categories: undergraduate and simple, also known as specialized and accelerated.Undergraduate course is six years.Among them, the preparatory course and the regular course each have three years.The formal course is divided into politics and law.Politics is a major in politics and economics,while law is a major in national law and international law.After graduating from formal course, student will be awarded a certificate and placed.The threeyear compulsory courses of formal course include laws and regulations of the Qing Dynasty, conventions of the Qing Dynasty, constitution, criminal law, public international law, private international law, banking law, monetary law, commercial law, western political science, finance, economics, applied economics, local autonomy, sociology, political philosophy, political history, diplomatic history,trade history, etc.In addition, there are two foreign languages, the first foreign language is Japanese, and the second foreign language can choose one of English,German and French.
简易科分绅班和职班两种，学制一年半。绅班为行政科，招收直隶地方府县保送生，不过也要参加入学考试；职班为司法科，专收外地在职人员，主要培养法律人才。
There are two kinds of simple subjects: gentry class and vocational class,with a school system of one and a half years.The gentry class is an administrative subject, recruiting students from local prefectures and counties in Zhili, but also taking the entrance examination.The vocational class is the Judicial Department,which specializes in recruiting foreign in-service personnel, mainly training legal talents.
辛亥革命后，北洋法政专门学堂更名为北洋法政专门学校。1914年，保定法政专门学校、天津高等商业专门学校并入该校，改称直隶省公立法政专门学校，设法律、政治、商业三科。1928年，改称河北省立法政专门学校，1929年更名为河北省立法商学院，设法律、政治、经济、商业四科，学制四年，另附高中班和高、初两级商科职业班，并开始招收女生。1937年天津沦陷后学校被日军封闭。1947年复校，新中国成立后并入北京政法学院和南开大学。
After the Revolution of 1911, Beiyang Special School of Law and Politics was renamed Beiyang Law School.In 1914, Baoding Legal and Political College and Tianjin Higher Commercial College were merged into the school, and renamed Zhili Provincial Public Legal and Political College, with three subjects: law, politics and business.In 1928, it was renamed Hebei Legislative and Political College, and in 1929, it was renamed Hebei Legislative Business School.It has four subjects: law, politics,economy and business, with a four-year academic system, plus high school classes and high and junior business vocational classes and began to recruit female students.After the fall of Tianjin in 1937, the school was closed by the Japanese army.It was reopened in 1947 and merged into Beijing Institute of Political Science and Law and Nankai University after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
北洋法政专门学堂先后培养出夏勤、潘云超、童冠贤、杨亦周、崔敬伯、朱道孔等一大批法律、政治、经济、商务方面的人才。更重要的是，北洋法政专门学堂还具有光荣的革命传统，中国共产党主要创始人之一李大钊即为该校专门科第一期学生，攻读六年，成绩优异。在校期间，曾参加天津第四次国会请愿活动，并于1912年加入中国社会党。毕业后，李大钊曾多次回到母校。1923年12月30日，李大钊参加母校18周年校庆，并发表演讲《十八年来的回顾》，对母校的革命传统给予了高度评价，他说：“那时中国北方政治运动首推天津，天津以北洋法政为中心，所以我校在政治运动史上是很重要的。”除李大钊外，辛亥革命烈士、同盟会会员白雅雨曾在学堂任史地教员，传播反清思想，进行革命活动，后参加滦州起义，失败被捕后，坚贞不屈，英勇就义。抗日名将张自忠、佟麟阁青年时代也曾在北洋法政专门学堂读书。
Beiyang Special School of Law and Politics has trained a large number of talents in law, politics, economy and commerce, such as Xia Qin, Pan Yunchao, Tong Guanxian,Yang Yizhou, Cui Jingbo and Zhu Daokong.More importantly, Beiyang Special School of Law and Politics also has a glorious revolutionary tradition.Li Dazhao, one of the main founders of the Communist Party of China, the student of the first period in specialized section of this school, studied for six years and achieved outstanding results.In school, he participated in the fourth congressional petition in Tianjin and joined the Chinese Socialist Party in 1912.After graduation, Li Dazhao returned to his alma mater many times.On December 30, 1923, Li Dazhao attended the 18th anniversary celebration of his alma mater and delivered a speech Review in the Past Eighteen Years, which spoke highly of the revolutionary tradition of his alma mater, and he said: “At that time, Tianjin was the first to push the political movement in northern China, and Tianjin was centered on Beiyang law and politics,so our school is very important in the history of political movement.” In addition to Li Dazhao, Bai Yayu, a martyr of the Revolution of 1911 and a member of the League, once worked as a teacher of history and geography in the school, spreading anti-Qing thoughts, carrying out revolutionary activities, and then taking part in Luanzhou Uprising.After failing and being arrested, he was unyielding and died bravely.Zhang Zizhong and Tong Linge, famous anti-Japanese generals, also studied in Beiyang Special School of Law and Politics in their youth.