天津市司法局与天津市律师协会筹备委员会
TIANJIN MUNICIPAL BUREAU OF JUSTICE AND THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE TIANJIN LAWYERS ASSOCIATION
新民主主义革命时期的司法，服务于武装夺取政权，其制度尚不完善。新中国成立之后，司法作为一种有序、和平地解决纠纷的重要方式，越来越显示出它的重要性，不过需要逐步加以改革和完善。要彻底废除压迫人民的旧法律、法令和司法制度，建立和制定保护人民的法律、法令和司法制度，就要一切都白手起家，从头开始，任务十分艰巨。同时，社会上还存在着轻视司法工作和不敢轻易触及司法两种态度。
During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, the judicial system served the armed seizure of power, and its system was not yet formal. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the judicial system, as an important way to resolve disputes in an orderly and peaceful manner, has increasingly demonstrated its importance and needs to be gradually reformed and improved. To completely abolish the old laws, decrees, and judicial systems that oppress the people, and establish and formulate laws, decrees, and judicial systems to protect the people. Everything must be built from scratch. It is a very difficult task. In society, there are two types of underestimating judicial work and not daring to touch it lightly.
1949年2月，中共中央发布了《关于废除国民党的六法全书与确定解放区的司法原则的指示》。4月1日，华北人民政府根据中共中央的指示也颁布了《废除国民党的六法全书及一切反动的法律训令》，彻底废除了旧的司法制度，为新中国成立后建立新的司法制度扫除了障碍。
In February 1949, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Instructions on the Abolition of the Kuomintang's Six Laws and the Determination of Judicial Principles in Liberated Areas. On April 1, the North China People's Government also issued the Abolition of the Kuomintang's Six Laws and All Reactionary Legal Orders in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, which completely abolished the old judicial system and wiped out the establishment of a new judicial system after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
1949年9月27日通过的《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》第十七条明确规定:“废除国民党反动政府一切压迫人民的法律、法令和司法制度，制定保护人民的法律、法令，建立人民司法制度。”为了维护人民法院的威信和保护人民群众的利益，打击旧律师和讼棍在社会上包揽词讼、欺骗群众的行为，1950年7月颁布的《人民法庭组织通则》第六条规定:“县（市）人民法庭及其分庭受理案件后，应保障被告有辩护和请人辩护的权利。但被告所请的辩护人，须经法庭认可后，方得出庭辩护。”1950年12月，中央人民政府发出《关于取缔黑律师及讼棍事件的通报》，明令取缔国民党的旧律师制度，解散旧的律师公会，禁止旧律师和讼棍活动。
Article 17 of the Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference adopted on September 27, 1949 clearly stipulates, “Abolish all laws, decrees and judicial systems that oppress the people by the reactionary Kuomintang government, formulate laws and decrees to protect the people, and establish people's justice System.”In order to maintain the prestige of the people's courts and protect the interests of the people, and to combat the acts of old lawyers and shysters in soliciting litigation to deceive the people in society, Article 6 of the General Rules for the Organization of the People's Courts promulgated in July 1950 stipulates, “After the county (city) people's court and its chambers accept the case, they should guarantee the defendant's right to defend and call for defense. However, the defender requested by the defendant must be approved by the court before he can come to court for defense.” In December, the Central People's Government issued the Notice on the Banning of Black Lawyers and Shysters, expressly banning the Kuomintang's old bar system, disbanding the old Bar associations, and prohibiting old lawyers and shysters activities.
1950年7月26日至8月11日，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、法制委员会和司法部共同在北京召开了第一届全国司法会议，会议讨论了《人民法院暂行组织条例》《刑法大纲》《诉讼程序通则》《犯人改造暂时条例》《公司法》等草案。司法部将《京津沪三市辩护人制度试行办法（草案）》提交会议讨论，并要求各地酌情办理。1954年7月31日，司法部发出《关于试验法院组织制度中几个问题的通知》，决定在北京、上海、天津、重庆、武汉、沈阳等城市试办法律顾问处，试行开展律师工作。1955年年初，天津市高级人民法院抽调两名审判员兼任律师的辩护工作。
From July 26 to August 11, 1950, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Legislative Affairs Commission and the Ministry of Justice jointly convened the First National Judicial Conference in Beijing. The meeting discussed drafts such as the Temporary Organizational Regulations of the People's Courts, Outline of Criminal Law, General Rules of Procedure, Temporary Regulations on the Reform of Prisoners, and Company Law. The Ministry of Justice submitted the Trial Measures for the Defender System in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai (Draft) to the meeting for discussion, and requested all localities to handle it as appropriate. On July 31, 1954, the Ministry of Justice issued the Notice on Several Issues in the Organizational System of Trial Courts, deciding to pilot legal counsel offices in cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Wuhan, and Shenyang to start lawyer work on a trial basis. At the beginning of 1955, the Tianjin Higher People's Court assigned two judges to serve as lawyers for the defense work.
在中国共产党的正确领导下，人民司法制度初步建立，中国律师真正成为了人民律师。天津成为最早开展人民律师工作的试点城市之一，天津律师业整装起步。
Under the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people's judicial system has been initially established, and Chinese lawyers have truly become people's lawyers. Tianjin became one of the first pilot cities to carry out the work of people's lawyers, and Tianjin's lawyers started in their entirety.
新中国成立初期确立的审判机关与司法行政机关“合一制”一直延续到1955年。其间，天津的司法行政工作始终由人民法院管理。1954年8月15日，中央司法部向各大区高分院，各省、市人民法院下达了《关于各省与中央直辖市审判机关与司法行政机关分立问题的意见》，指出:“各高分院和各省、市法院首先应切实向同级党政建议，由于各省、市法院审判工作本已十分繁重，如继续兼管所属法院干部的管理、教育、训练、组织建设、财务以及陪审、民间调解、公证、律师等司法行政工作，根据几年来的经验证明，实难兼顾；同时参照苏联审判与司法行政工作分立的先进经验，今后应尽先将各省、市的审判机关与司法行政机关，根据具体情况的不同分别先后逐步分立。”要求河北等十八个省和京津沪三个直辖市，根据法院内原有的司法行政基础和各省、市的干部条件，立即着手建立省、市的司法厅（局）。同年9月15日，中央司法部又下达了《关于撤销各高分院司法行政机构的几项规定》，明确指出:“今后各省、市司法行政工作，由司法部直接领导。”1955年4月26日，天津市司法局成立。1955年12月15日，根据天津市人民委员会批准的《关于在天津建立律师组织的方案》，市司法局设立了天津市法律顾问处，这是新中国成立后天津第一个律师组织，地址在睦南道29号，后迁址到哈尔滨道益友坊6号。
1954年9月20日第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过了《中华人民共和国宪法》，其中第七十六条规定：“人民法院审理案件，除法律规定的特别情况外，一律公开进行，被告人有权获得辩护。”
Article 76 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China adopted at the first meeting of the First National People’s Congress on September 20, 1954 stipulates,“People’s courts shall hear all cases in public, except for special circumstances stipulated by law. The defendant has the right to be defended.”
1954年国庆节游行队伍中的《宪法》模型
Constitution model on National Day in 1954
1955年12月天 津 市 法律顾问处登记证
Registration certificate of Tianjin Legal Counsel Office in December 1955
1955年10月天 津 市 司法局呈送天津市人民委员会批准建立律师组织的请示
In October 1955, Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Justice submitted a request for approval to the Tianjin Municipal People’s Committee for the establishment of a lawyer organization
1955年10月天 津 市 司法局呈送天津市人民委员会批准建立律师组织的请示所附的《关于在天津市建立律师组织的方案》（部分）（左）
Scheme for Establishing a Lawyer Organization in Tianjin (partial) attached to the request for approval for establishing a lawyer organization which Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Justice submitted to the Tianjin Municipal People’s Committee in October 1955 (left)
1955年11月 天 津 市 人民委员会关于在天津市建立律师组织的批复（右）
Reply of Tianjin Municipal People’s Committee on the establishment of a lawyers organization in Tianjin in November 1955 (right)
1955年12月天 津市 法律顾问处呈送天津市民政局批准成立天津市法律顾问处登记的请示（左）
In December 1955, Tianjin Legal Counsel Office submitted a request for the registration of Tianjin Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau to approve the establishment of Tianjin Legal Counsel Office (left)
1955年12月 天 津 市 法律顾问处迁移办公处的通知（右）
Notice on the relocation of Tianjin Legal Counsel Office in December 1955 (right)
1957年5月关于建立天津市律师协会筹备委员会及增设法律顾问处问题的批复（左）
Reply of May 1957 on the establishment of the Preparatory Committee of the Tianjin Lawyers Association and the establishment of the legal counsel office (left)
1957年6月关于建立天津市律师协会筹备委员会，更改天津市法律顾问处、天津市法律顾问处分处名称的通知（右）
In June 1957, the notice regarding the establishment of the Preparatory Committee of the Tianjin Lawyers Association and the change of name of the Tianjin Legal Counsel Office and the Tianjin Legal Counsel Office Branch (right)
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1957年6月关于建立天津市律师协会筹备委员会，更改天津市法律顾问处、天津市法律顾问处分处名称的通知（左）
In June 1957, the notice regarding the establishment of the Preparatory Committee of the Tianjin Lawyers Association and the change of name of the Tianjin Legal Counsel Office and the Tianjin Legal Counsel Office Branch (left)
1957年6月天津市律师协会筹备委员会转给第一、二、三法律顾问处的通知（右）
In June 1957, the notice of the Preparatory Committee of the Tianjin Lawyers Association transferred to the First, Second and Third Legal Counsel Office (right)
1957年9月天津市律师协会筹备委员会关于启用新代书专用章的通知
In September 1957, the notice on the use of the new special seal of the Preparatory Committee of the Tianjin Lawyers Association
1957年9月关于召开天津市律师协会筹备委员会第一次会议的通知（左）
Notice on the First Meeting of the Preparatory Committee of the Tianjin Lawyers Association in September 1957 (left)
1957年12月天津 市 律师协会关于分发指示、通知及会议入场券事致天津市人民委员会办公厅的报告（右）
The Tianjin Lawyers Association’s report to the General Office of the Tianjin Municipal People’s Committee on the distribution of instructions, notices and meeting admission tickets in December 1957 (right)
天津市法律顾问处成立的报道
Report on the establishment of Tianjin Legal Counsel Office
1958年2月天津市第一法律顾问处致天津市律师协会筹备委员会的报告
Report from Tianjin First Legal Counsel Office to the Preparatory Committee of the Tianjin Lawyers Association in February 1958
秦继修在天津市律师协会筹备委员会成立大会上讲话
Qin Jixiu delivered a speech at the inaugural meeting of the Preparatory Committee of the Tianjin Lawyers Association
王丹侠局长在天津市律师协会筹备委员会成立大会上讲话
Director Wang Danxia delivered a speech at the inaugural meeting of the Preparatory Committee of the Tianjin Lawyers Association
From the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the “one system” of judicial organs and judicial administrative organs continued until 1955. The judicial administration in Tianjin was still managed by the People's Court. On August 15, 1954, the Central Ministry of Justice issued the Opinions on the Separation of Judicial Authorities and Judicial Administrative Authorities between Provinces and Municipalities Directly under the Central Government to the high branch courts of various regions, provinces and cities, stating that, “The municipal court should first make suggestions to the party and government at the same level. Because the trial work of the provincial and municipal courts is already very heavy. If you continue to supervise the management, education, training, organization construction, finance, jury, civil mediation, notarization, lawyers and other judicial administrative work of the affiliated court cadres, based on the experience of the past few years, it is really difficult to do both; at the same time, with reference to the advanced experience of the separation of judicial and judicial administrative work in the Soviet Union, in the future, the judicial organs and judicial administrative organs of various provinces and cities should be separated gradually according to the specific circumstances.” 18 provinces including Hebei and 3 municipalities directly under the Central Government, including Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, should proceed to establish provincial and municipal judicial departments (bureaus) based on the original judicial administrative foundation in the courts and the cadre conditions of each province and city. On September 15 of the same year, the Central Ministry of Justice issued the Several Provisions Regarding the Revocation of Judicial Administrative Institutions of the High Branches, which clearly pointed out, “In the future, the judicial administrative work of all provinces and cities will be directly led by the Ministry of Justice.” April 1955 on the 26th, the Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Justice was established; on December 15, 1955, in accordance with the Plan on Establishing a Lawyers Organization in Tianjin approved by the Tianjin Municipal People's Committee, the Municipal Bureau of Justice established the Tianjin Legal Counsel Office, which was after the founding of the People's Republic of China. The first lawyer organization in the city. The address was at No. 29 Munan Road, and later moved to No. 6 Yiyoufang, Harbin Road.
天津市法律顾问处成立后，1956年10月增设了一个法律顾问处分处，此后又出现了第三个法律顾问处。1957年6月，根据上级部署，天津市律师协会筹备委员会成立，在和平区睦南道43号（今24号）办公。截至1957年6月14日，天津市法律顾问处共有工作人员58人，包括主任4人，律师41人，会计、打字员等行政人员13人。其中取得正式律师资格的有23人，取得学习律师资格的有10人，其余8人的职务尚未正式确定。全国有19个省、市、自治区先后成立了律师协会，有专业律师和兼职律师近3000名。
After the establishment of the Tianjin Legal Counsel Office, a legal counsel disposition division was added in October 1956, and a third legal counsel division has since appeared. In June 1957, according to the deployment of superiors, the Preparatory Committee of the Tianjin Lawyers Association was established, and the office was located at No. 43 (currently No. 24) Munan Road, Heping District. As of June 14, 1957, the Tianjin Legal Counsel Office had a total of 58 people, including 4 directors, 13 accountants, typists and other administrative staff, and 41 lawyers. Among the lawyers, 23 have obtained the formal qualifications of lawyers, 10 have obtained the qualifications of learning lawyers, and the positions of the remaining 8 have not been officially determined. There are 19 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country that have successively established lawyers associations, with nearly 3,000 professional and part-time lawyers.
位于和平区哈尔滨道益友坊6号的天津市法律顾问处
Tianjin Legal Counsel Office, No. 6, Harbin Road, Yiyoufang, Heping District
1956年司法部《关于建立律师工作的请示报告》
1956 Report on the Request for Instructions on Establishing Lawyers by the Ministry of Justice
1956年史良部长在全国律师工作座谈会闭幕时的讲话
Minister Shi Liang’s speech at the conclusion of the National Lawyers’ Work Symposium in 1956
天津市法律顾问处分处
Tianjin Legal Counsel Office Branch
天津市法律顾问处分处工作场景
Work scene of Tianjin Legal Counsel Office Branch
天津市法律顾问处分处工作场景
Work scene of Tianjin Legal Counsel Office Branch