研究局限性与展望

三、研究局限性与展望

1.局限性

(1)本研究没有利用相关仪器对游泳和下坡跑两种运动方式对T2DM小鼠骨产生的力学刺激方式和力学刺激强度大小进行量化,以上均是从理论上进行分析的。

(2)本研究缺少体外研究(即利用siRNA对RAW264.7和MC3T3细胞进行体外转染,研究GPR48、TGF-β1、BMP-2等敲除后对RAW264.7和MC3T3细胞向破骨细胞和成骨细胞分化的影响)来进行体内研究验证。并缺少利用该技术对GPR48与TGF-β/BMP信号通路之间的相互关系进行研究。

(3)本研究探讨了GPR48与TGF-β/BMP、OPG/RANKL/RANK以及CN/NFAT信号通路在运动调控T2DM骨代谢中的作用,而调控骨代谢的信号通路还有很多,是否还存在其他信号通路途径来影响T2DM骨代谢呢?

2.展望

本研究发现,T2DM小鼠造模成功后,小鼠骨量和骨组织形态计量学指标出现显著下降且导致骨质疏松的发生。而运动训练可通过上调T2DM小鼠骨中GPR48和TGF-β/BMP信号通路以及抑制OPG/RANKL/RANK分子轴和CN/NFAT信号通路表达从而促进骨形成代谢并抑制骨吸收代谢,使得骨量和骨组织形态结构得到显著改善,且下坡跑改善T2DM小鼠骨代谢的作用优于游泳。虽然国内外有关运动训练调控T2DM小鼠骨代谢的研究已有报道,本研究也发现GPR48、TGF-β/BMP信号通路、OPG/RANKL/RANK分子轴和CN/NFAT信号通路在运动调控T2DM骨代谢的过程中起着重要的生物学调控作用。在G蛋白偶联受体和运动调控T2DM小鼠骨代谢上,仍存在较多的未知领域。如果T2DM发病机制与肥胖导致的胰岛素抵抗存在密切关系,那么T2DM与肥胖之间存在什么样的生物学相互调控关系呢?T2DM骨代谢紊乱又与免疫系统、骨组织血管再生等存在如何的生物学关系呢?T2DM会引起一系列的并发症,那么其引起并发症的具体生物学机制又是什么呢?成骨细胞与破骨细胞之间相互作用、相互影响,那么T2DM机体内成骨细胞与破骨细胞之间是如何相互作用影响的呢?运动方式较多,哪种运动方式改善T2DM骨代谢的作用效果最好,其生物学调控信号通路之间又存在着什么样的相互关系呢?GPR48除了可作用于TGF-β/BMP信号通路和OPG/RANKL/RANK分子轴外,还可作用于哪些信号通路或细胞因子从而在T2DM骨代谢以及运动调控T2DM骨代谢中起着重要调控作用呢?除了GPR48,作为G蛋白偶联受体家族,还有哪些GPCR在T2DM骨代谢以及运动调控T2DM骨代谢中发挥着重要调控作用?等等。以上存在问题将是我们以后科研的主要方向,希望以上问题的解决能揭示T2DM骨代谢变化较为详细的生物学机制,为治疗T2DM骨质疏松症药物的研发提供一定的理论依据。为运动训练防治T2DM骨质疏松症以及骨折发生提供一定的理论依据及最佳运动方案。

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