10.4 Building Rectification Methods

The principle of building rectification is similar to that of underpinning.The latter，however，refers to the strengthening of the original foundations or addition of a new foundation before excavation to prevent excavation⁃induced settlement and the resulting property damages.The building rectification method is used to uplift over⁃settled or leaning buildings，caused by excavation，construction defects，or the liquefaction of soils below the foundations after earthquakes，to their proper location.

Some commonly used building rectification methods are compaction grouting，chemical grouting，and underpinning，etc.This section will explicate these methods in the following.