13.2 Nicoll Highway Collapse，Singapore，2004

A deep excavation for railway construction collapsed along with a section of 6 lane highway in Singapore.Four workers died.This type of construction had been used for more than 30 years in Singapore with few accidents.Such a large collapse was a big shock.There was a detailed inquiry which identified that the initiation of the failure was a poorly detailed connection in the strutting system and the total collapse was due to the inability of the system to withstand the failure of one row of strutting.Moreover，there were many other contributory factors that were identified，such as an incorrect use of a computer program to design the earth retaining system，erroneous back analyses，deficient monitoring，failure to observe stop work limits and many more including an over⁃riding culture of complacency.This chapter briefly summarizes the events，the findings of the Committee of Inquiry and the remedial actions，and sets out some of the lessons we have learned.