Reference

Reference

Aas,G.(1984).“Stability problems in a deep excavation in clay.”Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology,315⁃323.

Addenbrooke,T.I.,Potts,D.M.,and Dabee,B.(2000).“Dis⁃placement flexibility number for multipropped retaining wall design.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,126(8),718⁃w726.

Alpan,I.(1970).“The geotechnical properties of soils.”Earth⁃Science Reviews,6,5⁃49.

Anderson,T.C.(2014).“Anchored deep soil mixed cutoff/retaining walls for Lake Parkway Project in Milwaukee,Wisconsin.”Design and construction of earth retaining systems,1⁃13.

Atkinson,J.H.,and Sallfors,G.(1991).“Experimental determination of soil properties.”10th ECSMFE,915⁃956.

Auvinet,G.,and Organista,M.P.R.(1998).“Deep excavations in Mexico City soft clays.”Big digs around the world,211⁃229.

Baggett,J.K.,and Buttling,S.(1977).“Design and in⁃situ performance of a sheet pile wall.”Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Tokyo,Japan,3⁃8.

Bakker,K.J.,and Brinkgrieve,R.B.J.(1991).“Deformation analysis of a sheet pile wall using a 2D model.”Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,655⁃658.

Balasubramaniam,A.S.,Bergado,D.T.,Chai,J.C.,and Sutabur,T.(1994).“Deformation analysis of deep excavations in Bangkok.”Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,Netherlands,909⁃915.

Becker,J.M.,and Haley,M.X.(1990).“Up/down construction—Decision making and performance.”Design and performance of earth retaining structures,170⁃189.

Becker,P.,Gebreselassie,B.,and Kempfert,H.(2008).“Back analysis of a deep excavation in soft lacustrine clays.”Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Benz,T.(2006).“Small⁃strain stiffness of Soils and its numerical consequences.”PhD thesis,Universitat Stuttgart.

Bilotta,E.,Ramondini,M.,and Viggiani,C.(2004).“Monitoring an excavation in an urban area.”Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Bjerrum,L.,and Eide,O.(1956).“Stability of strutted excavations in clay.”Géotechnique,6(1),32⁃47.

Blackburn,J.T.,and Finno,R.J.(2007).“Three⁃dimensional responses observed in an internally braced excavation in soft clay.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 133(11),1364⁃1373.

Bolton,M.D.(1986).“The strength and dilatancy of sands.”Geotechnique,36(1),65⁃78.

Boone,S.J.,and Westland,J.(2004).“Failure of an Excavation Support System.”International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Borst,A.J.,Conley,T.L.,Russell,D.P.,and Boirum,R.N.(1990).“Subway design and construction for the downtown Seattle transit project.”Design and performance of earth retaining structures,510⁃524.

Bowden,A.,and Lees,A.(2010).“Design and performance of a basement in Norwich,UK.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,55⁃64.

Bowles,J.E.(1988).Foundation Analysis and Design,4th Ed.,New York,USA,McGraw⁃Hill Book Company.

Brangan,C.(2007).“Retaining walls in Dublin boulder clay.”PhD thesis,University College Dublin.,Dublin,Ireland.

Brinkgreve,R.B.J.(1994).“Geomaterial Models and Numerical Analysis of Softening.”PhD thesis,Delft University of Technology.

Brinkgreve,R.B.J.,and Bakker,H.L.(1991).“Non⁃linear finite element analysis of safety factors.”Proc 7th int conf comp methods and advances in geomech,Cairns,Australia,117⁃122.

Brinkgreve,R.B.J.,Engin,E.,and Engin,H.(2010).“Validation of empirical formulas to derive model parameters for sands.”7th European Conference Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering,Trondheim,Norway,137⁃174.

Broms,B.B.,and Stille,H.(1976).“Failure of anchored sheet pile walls.”Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,102(3),235⁃251.

Broms,B.B.,Wong,I.H.,and Wong,K.S.(1986).“Experience with finite⁃element analysis of braced excavations in Singapore.”Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,309⁃324.

Brooks,N.J.,and Spenc,e.J.(1993).“Design and recorded performance of a secant retaining wall in Croydon.”Thomas Telford,London,205⁃215.

Brown,P.T.,and Booker,J.R.(1985).“Finite element analysis of excavation.”Computers and Geotechnics,1,207⁃220.

Bryson,L.S.,and Zapata⁃Medina,D.G.(2012).“Method for Estimating System Stiffness for Excavation Support Walls.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,138(9),1104⁃1115.

Burland,J.B.(1965).“The yielding and dilation of clay.”Geotechnique,15,211⁃214.

Burland,J.B.(1967).“Deformation of Soft Clay.”PhD thesis,Cambridge University.

Burland,J.B.(2001).“Assessment methods used in design in building response to tunneling:case studies from construction of the jubilee Line Extension.”SP200,CIRIA and Thomas Telfors,London.

Burland,J.B.,and Hancock,R.J.R.(1977).“Underground car park at the House of Commons London:Geotechnical aspects.”Structural Engineer,55(2),87⁃105.

Burland,J.B.,and Wroth,C.P.(1974).“Settlement of buildings and associated damage.”Proceedings of Conference on Settlement of Structures,London,England,611⁃654.

Busbridge,W.M.(1974).“Foundations in clay for massive suspension bridge.”Ground Engineering,7(3),24⁃26.

Busetti,F.(2003).Simulated Annealing Overview,JP Morgan,Italy.

C.W.W.,N.,and Lings,M.L.(1995).“Effects of modeling soil nonlinearity and wall installation on back⁃analysis of deep excavation in stiff clay.”Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,121(10),687⁃695.

Cabarkapa,Z.,Milligan,G.W.E.,Menkiti,C.O.,Murphy,J.,and Potts,D.M.(2003).“Design and performance of a large diameter shaft in Dublin boulder clay.”British Geotechnical Association International Conference on Foundations:Innovations,Observations,Design and Practice,London:Thomas Telford,175⁃185.

Cacoilo,D.,Tamaro,G.,and Edinger,P.(1998).“Design and performance of a tied back sheet pile wall in soft clay.”Design and construction of earth retaining systems,14⁃25.

Caliendo,J.A.,Anderson,L.R.,and Gordon,W.J.(1981).“A filed study of a tie back excavation with FEA.”Design and construction of earth retaining systems,747⁃763.

Calvello,M.,and Finno,R.J.(2004).“Selecting parameters to optimize in model calibration by inverse analysis.”Computers and Geotechnics,31(5),411⁃425.

Carder,D.R.(1995).“Ground movements caused by different embedded retaining wall construction techniques.”Wokingham,UK:Transport Research Laboratory.

Caspe,M.S.(1966).“Surface settlement adjacent to braced open cuts.”Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,92,51⁃59.

CGS(2006).Canadian foundafation engineering manual,fourth edition,Canadian Geotechnical Society,Bitech Publishers Ltd,Canada.

Chang,J.D.,and Wong,K.S.(1996).“Apparent pressure diagram for braced excavations in soft clay with diaphragm wall.”In Proceedings of International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,87⁃92.

Chapman,T.,and Green,G.(2004).“Observational Method looks set to cut city building costs.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Civil Engineering,157(3),125⁃133.

Chen,S.L.,Ho,C.T.,and Gui,M.W.(2014).“Diaphragm wall displacement due to creep of soft clay.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,167(3),297⁃310.

Chen,W.,Wu,Y.,and Peng,Z.(2006).“Monitoring of Rescue of a Foundation Pit and Technical Analysis of Its Collapse in GuangZhou.”Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2(6),1034⁃1039.

Chen,W.F.,and Saleeb,A.F.(1982).Constitutive Equations for Engineering Materials,Vol.I Elasticity and Modeling,John Wiley&Sons,New York.

Chew,S.H.,Yong,K.Y.,and Lim,A.Y.K.(1997).“Three⁃dimensional finite element analysis of a strutted excavation.”Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics 3,1915⁃1920.

Choi,C.S.,and Lee,I.K.(1998).“Geotechnical aspects of the Seoul subway.”Big digs around the world,44⁃62.

Clough,G.W.,and O’Rourke,T.D.(1990).“Construction induced movements of in situ wall.”Geotechnical Special Publication,(25),439⁃470.

Clough,G.W.,and Reed,M.W.(1984).“Measured behaviour of braced wall in very soft clay.”Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,110(1),1⁃19.

Clough,G.W.,Smith,E.M.,and Sweeney,B.P.(1989).“Movement control of excavation support systems by iterative design.”In Proceedings of Foundation Engineering Congress on Current Principles and Practices,New York,869⁃884.

Cole,K.W.,and Burland,J.B.(1972).“Observation of retaining wall movements associated with a large excavation.”Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,445⁃458.

Committee of Inquiry(COI).(2005).“Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Incident at the MRT Circle Line Worksite that led to the Collapse of the Nicoll Highway on 20 April 2004.”Ministry of Manpower,Singapore.

Cooley,R.L.,and Naff,R.L.(1990).“Regression modeling of groundwater flow.”US Geological Survey techniques in water resources investigations,USGS,Book 3,Chapter B4,71⁃72.

Corbett,B.O.,Davies,R.V.,and Langford,A.D.(1972).“A load bearing diaphragm wall at Kensington and Chelsea town hall,London.”Diaphragm walls and anchorages.London:Institution of Civil Engineering,57⁃62.

Cording,E.(2010).“Assessment of excavation⁃induced building damage”Earth retention conference 3,Washington DC,USA,101⁃120.

Correia,A.G.,and da Costa Guerra,N.M.(1997).“Performance of three Berlin type retaining walls.”Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1297⁃1300.

Coulomb,C.A.(1776).Essaisurune application des regles de maximis et minimis a quelques problemes de statique,relatifs a l’architecture,Mem.Roy.des Sciences,Paris,3,38.

Cowland,J.W.,and Thorley,C.B.B.(1985).“Ground and building settlement associated with adjacent slurry trench excavation.”Ground Movements and Structures,London,UK,723⁃738.

Curtis,P.,and Doran,J.(2003).“Retaining wall behaviour at the Dublin Port Tunnel.”University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland.

D.,S.J.H.(1975).Field and theoretical studies of behavior of ground around deep excavations in London Clay.,University of Cambridge,Cambridge.

D.G.,L.,and S.M.,W.(2007).“Three dimensional analysis of deep excavation in Taipei 101 construction project.”Journal of Geoengineering,2(1),29⁃42.

Davies,R.V.,Fok,P.,Norrish,A.,and Poh,S.T.(2006).“The Nicoll Highway collapse:field measurements and observations.”Proceeding of the International Conference on Deep Excavations,Singapore,15.

Davies,R.V.,and Walsh,N.M.(1983).“Excavations in Singapore marine clays”International Seminar on Construction Problems in Soft Soils,Singapore:Nanyang Technological Institute.

Dawson,M.P.,Douglas,A.R.,Linney,L.F.,Friedman,M.,Abraham,R.,and Bermondsey,J.(1996).“Ground movements caused by different embedded retaining wall construction techniques.”Proceedings of the International Symposium Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,99⁃104.

Day,P.(1990).“Design and construction of a deep basement in soft residual soils.”Design and performance of earth retaining structures,734⁃746.

De Moor,E.K.,and Stevenson,M.C.(1996).“Evaluation of the performance of a multi propped diaphragm wall during construction.”Proceedings of the International Symposium Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,111⁃116.

Delattre,L.,Mespoulhe,L.,and Faroux,J.P.(1995).“Monitoring of a cast in place concrete quay wall at the port of Calais.”Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics,Bergamo,Italy,73⁃80.

Dennis,J.E.,and Schnabel,R.B.(1983).Numerical method for unconstrained optimization and nonlinear equations,Prentice⁃Hall Inc,Pennsylvania,PA.

Desai,C.S.,and Nagaraj,B.K.(1988).“Modeling of cyclic normal and shear behavior of interfaces.”Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division,114(7),1198⁃1216.

Diakoumi,M.,Powrie,W.,and Haigh,S.K.(2013).“Mobilisable strength design for flexible embedded retaining walls.”Geotechnique,63,1080⁃1082.

Ditlevsen,O.(1981).Uncertainity modeling:With applications to multidimensional civil engineering systems,McGraw⁃Hill,New York.

Dong,Y.,Harve,H.,Houlsby,G.,and Xu,Z.(2013).“3D FEM modelling of a deep excavation case considering small⁃strain stiffness of soil and thermal shrinkage of concrete.”Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering.

Duncan,J.M.,and Chang,C.Y.(1970).“Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soil.”Journal of the Soil Mechnics and Foundation Division,96,1629⁃1653.

Eisenstein,Z.,and Medeiroz,L.V.(1983).“A deep retaining structure in till and sand,PartⅡ:Performance and analysis.”Canadian Geotechnical Journal,20(1),131⁃140.

EL Shafle,M.(2008).“Effect of building stiffness on excavation⁃induced displacements.”PhD thesis,University of Cambridge,UK.

Endicott,J.(2013).“Lessons learned from the collapse of the Nicoll highway in Singapore April 2004.”IABSE Symposium Report,1⁃6.

Fernie,R.,Kingston,P.,St.John,H.D.,Higgins,K.G.,and Potts,D.M.(1996).“Case history of a deep stepped box excavation in soft ground at sea front.”Proceedings of the International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,123⁃129.

Fernie,R.,St.John,H.D.,and Potts,D.M.(1991).“Design and performance of a 24 m deep basement in London Clay resisting the effects of long term rise in ground water.”Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,699⁃702.

Fernie,R.,and Suckling,T.(1996).“Simplified approach for estimating lateral movement of embedded walls in UK ground.”Proceedings of the International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,131⁃136.

Finno,R.J.,Atmatzidis,D.K.,and Perkins,S.B.(1989).“Observed performance of a deep excavation in clay.”Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,115,1045⁃1064.

Finno,R.J.,Blackburn,J.T.,and Roboski,J.F.(2007).“Three⁃dimensional effects for supported excavations in clay.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,133(1),30⁃36.

Finno,R.J.,and Bryson,L.S.(2002).“Response of building adjacent to stiff excavation support system in soft clay.”Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 16(1),10⁃20.

Finno,R.J.,Bryson,S.,and Calvello,M.(2002).“Performance of a stiff support system in soft clay.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,128(8),660⁃671.

Finno,R.J.,and Roboski,J.F.(2005).“Three⁃dimensional responses of a tied⁃back excavation through clay.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,131(3),273⁃282.

Finstad,J.A.(1991).“Royal Christianina Hotel—Basement with permanent sheet pile wall,up and down method.”Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Piling and Deep Foundations,387⁃392.

Fitzpatrick,B.G.(1991).“Bayesian⁃analysis in inverse problems.”Inverse Problems,5(1),675⁃702.

Flaate,K.S.(1996).“Stresses and movement in connection with braced cuts in sand and clay.”PhD thesis,University of Illinois,Urbana,USA.

Fletcher,R.(1980).Practical method of optimization:Volume I.Unconstrained optimization,John Wiley and Sons.

Fong,F.H.,Standing,J.R.,and Bourne⁃Webb,P.J.(2014).“Building response to adjacent deep basement construction.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,167(2),130⁃143.

Forchheimer,P.(1930).Hydraulik,Teubner,Berlin,Germany.

Franzius,J.N.,Potts,D.M.,Addenbrooke,T.I.,and Burland,J.B.(2004).“The influence of building weight on tunnelling⁃induced ground and building deformation.”Soils and foundations,45(4),25⁃38.

Franzius,J.N.,Potts,D.M.,and Burland,J.B.(2006).“The response of surface structures to tunnel construction.”Proceedings of the ICE⁃geotechnical engineering,159(1),9⁃17.

Fraser,R.A.(1992).“Mobilisation of stresses in deep excavations:The use of earth pressure cells at Sheung Wan Crossover.”Predictive Soil Mechanics,Proceedings of the Wroth Memorial Symposium,London:Thomas Telford,279⁃292.

Gaba,A.,Hardy,S.,and Doughty,L.(2017).Guidance on embedded retaining wall design,CIRIA,Griffin Court,15 Long lane,London,EC1A 9PN.

Ghaboussi,J.,Pecknold,D.A.,Zhang,M.,and Haj⁃Ali,R.(1998).“Autoprogressive training of neural network constitutive models.”International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,42(1),105⁃126.

Ghaboussi,J.,and Sidarta,D.E.(1998).“New nested adaptive neural networks(NANN)for constitutive modeling.”Computers and Geotechnics,22(1),29⁃52.

Gill,S.A.,and Lucas,R.G.(1900).“Ground movement adjacent to braced cuts.”Design and performance of earth retaining structures,471⁃488.

Goh,A.T.C.,Zhang,F.,Zhang,W.,and Chew,O.Y.(2017).“Assessment of strut forces for braced excavation in clays from numerical analysis and field measurements.”Computers and Geotechnics,86,141⁃149.

Goh,A.T.C.,Zhang,F.,and Zhang,W.G.(2017).“A simple estimation model for 3D braced excavation wall deflection.”Computers and Geotechnics,83,106⁃113.

Gong,X.N.,and Zhang,X.C.(2012).“Excavation collapse of Hangzhou subway station in soft clay and numerical investigation based on orthogonal experiment method.”Journal of Zhejiang Univ Sci A(Appl Phys Eng),13(10),760⁃767.

Goodman,R.E.,Taylor,R.L.,and Brekke,T.L.(1968).“A model for mechanics of jointed rock.”Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,94(3),637⁃658.

Gourvenec,S.,Powrie,W.,and De Moor,E.K.(2002).“Three⁃dimensional effects in the construction of a long retaining wall.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,155(3),163⁃173.

Graf,E.D.(1992).Compaction grouting,Grouting/Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics,ASCE Special Publication.

Grant,W.P.(1985).“Performance of Columbia Centre shoring wall.”Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,2079⁃2082.

Gronin,H.,Depauw,J.,and N’Guyen,M.(1991).“Singapore’s expressway:Temporary retaining structures.”Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,805⁃808.

Grose,W.J.,and Toone,B.H.(1992).“The selection,design and performance of a multi propped contiguous pile retaining wall in Norwich.”Proceedings of the International Conference on Retaining Structures,London:Thomas Telford,24⁃36.

Haeri,M.,Sasar,M.,and Afshari,K.(2013).“Deep excavation on 3 sides of a 21 story building:Accounts of a successful deep excavation project.”Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Hansmire,W.H.,Russell,H.A.,Rawnsley,R.P.,and Abbott,E.L.(1989).“Field performance of a structural slurry wall.”Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,115(2),141⁃156.

Hardin,B.O.,and Black,W.L.(1969).“Closure to vibration modulus of normally consolidated clays.”Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,95(SM6),1531⁃1537.

Hardin,B.O.,and Drnevich,V.P.(1972).“Shear modulus and damping in soils:Design equations and curves.”Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,98(SM7),667⁃692.

Harry,H.,Emilio,G.⁃T.,and Raul,F.(2019).“Meta⁃analysis of ground movements associated with deep excavations using a data mining approach.”Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,11(2),409⁃416.

Hashash,Y.M.A.,Osouli,A.,and Marulanda,C.(2008).“Central artery/tunnel project excavation induced ground deformations.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,134(9),1399⁃1406.

Hasofer,A.M.,and Lind,N.(1974).“An exact and invariant first⁃order reliability format.”Journal of Engineering Mechnics,100(1),111⁃121.

Hastings,W.K.(1970).“Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications.”Biometricka,57(1),97⁃109.

Hausman,M.R.(1990).Engineering Principles of Ground Modification,McGraw⁃Hill Publishing Company,New York,USA.

Hess,U.H.,Pedersen,S.K.,and Ladefoged,L.M.(1997).“Fixed link across the Oresund:Large excavation for tunnel ramp in freight railway yard.”Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,1369⁃1372.

Hill,M.C.(1998).“Methods and guidelines for effective model calibration.”U.S.Geological Survey Water⁃Resources investigations,Rep.98⁃4005,USGS,90.

Himmelblau,D.M.(1968).Applied nonlinear programming,McGraw⁃Hill Inc.,New York,USA.

Holland,J.(1992).Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems,MIT Press,Cambridge,MA.

Hong,Y.,Ng,C.,Liu,G.,and Liu,T.(2015).“Three⁃dimensional deformation behaviour of a multi⁃propped excavation at a‘greenfield’site at Shanghai soft clay.”Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,45,249⁃259.

Honjo,Y.,Wentsung,L.,and Guha,S.(2010).“Inverse analysis of an embankment on soft clay by extended Bayesian method.”International Journal for Numerical&Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,18(10),709⁃734.

Houghton,R.C.,and Dietz,D.L.(1990).“Design and performance of a deep excavation support system in Boston.”Design and performance of earth retaining structures,795⁃816.

Hsieh,P.G.,and Ou,C.Y.(1998).“Shape of ground surface settlement profiles caused by excavation.”Canadian Geotechnical Journal,35(6),1004⁃1017.

Huang,W.(1992).“Case histories of underpinning during the construction of the Singapore mass transit system.”Sino⁃Geotechnics,40,77⁃90.

Hulme,T.W.,Potter,J.,and Shirlaw,N.(1989).“Singapore mass rapid transit system:Construction.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,86(4),709⁃770.

Humpheson,C.,Fitzpatrick,A.J.,and Anderson,J.M.D.(1986).“The basement and substructure for the new headquarters of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation,Hong Kong.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,80(4),831⁃858.

Hwang,R.N.,and Moh,Z.C.(2007).“Performance of floor slabs in excavations using top⁃down method of construction and correction of inclinometer readings.”Journal of Geoengineering,2(3),111⁃121.

Janbu,N.(1963).“Soil compressibility as determined by oedometer and triaxial tests.”Proc.ECSMFE,Wiesbaden,19⁃25.

Janbu,N.(1985).“Soil models in offshore engineering(25th rankine lecture).”Geotechnique,35,241⁃280.

Jia,J.,Wang,J.H.,Liu,C.P.,Zhang,L.L.,and Xie,X.L.(2008).“Behaviour of an excavation adjacent to a historical building and metro tunnels in Shanghai soft clays.”Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Josseaume,H.,Dellattre,L.,and Mespoulhe,L.(1997).“Interprétation par le calcul aux coefficients de réaction du comportement du rideau de palplanches expérimental de Hochstetten.”Revue Française de Géotechnique,79,59⁃72.

Josseaume,H.,and Stenne,R.(1979).“Étude expérimentale d’une paroi moulée ancrée par quatre nappes de tirants.”Revue Française de Géotechnique,8,51⁃64.

JSA(1988).“Guidelines of Design and Construction of Deep Excavations.”Japanese Society of Architecture.

Juang,C.H.,Luo,Z.,Atamturktur,S.,and Huang,H.(2013).“Bayesian updating of soil parameters for braced excavations using field observations.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,139(3),395⁃406.

Karaboga,D.(2005).“An idea based on honey bee swarm for numerical optimization.”Technical report⁃tr 06,Erciyes university,engineering faculty,computer engineering department.

Karlsrud,K.(1981).“Performance and design of slurry walls in soft clay.”Proceedings of ASCE Spring Convention,New York,81⁃147.

Karlsrud,K.(1983).“Performance and design of slurry walls in soft clay.”Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Publication,149,1⁃9.

Karlsrud,K.(1986).“Performance monitoring in deep supported excavations in soft clay.”Proceedings of the 4th International Geotechnical Seminar on Field Instrumentation and in Situ Measurements,Singapore:Nanyang Technological Institute,187⁃202.

Kastner,R.(1982).“Excavations profondes en site urbain.”PhD thesis,Laboratoire de Geotechnique⁃Insa Lyon,Lyon,France.

Kastner,R.,and Ferrand,J.(1992).“Performance of a cast in situ retaining wall in a sandy silt.”Proceedings of the International Conference on Retaining Structures,London:Thomas Telford,237⁃247.

Kearon,B.(2009).“The use of LiDAR to monitor retaining wall movements and the engineering geology of the Dublin docklands.”Civil Engineering Department,University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland.

Kennedy,J.(2011).“Particle swarm optimization.”Encyclopedia of Machine Learning,USA.

Koiter,W.T.(1960).“General theorems for elastic⁃plastic solids.”Progress in Solid Mechanics,North⁃holland,Amsterdam,165⁃221.

Kondner,R.L.(1963).“A hyperbolic stress strain formulation for sands.”2nd Pan.Am.ICOSFE Brazil,289⁃324.

Konstantakos,D.C.,Whittle,A.J.,Regalado,C.,and Scharner,B.(2004).“Control of ground movements for a multi⁃level⁃anchored,diaphragm wall during excavation.”Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering New York.

Kozeny,J.(1953).Hydraulik,Springer,Verlag.

Kudella,P.,and Mayer,P.M.(1998).“Calculation of deformations using hypoplasticity—Demonstrated by the SONY⁃Centre excavation in Berlin.”Proceedings of International Conference on Soil/Structure Interaction,Darmstadt,Germany,151⁃164.

Kulesza,R.,Boussoulas,N.,and Marr,W.A.(2008).“Deep excavations in hard sandy clays for stations and shafts of the Athens Metro Stavros Extension.”Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Kung,G.T.,Juang,C.H.,Hsiao,E.C.,and Hashash,Y.M.(2007).“Simplified model for wall deflection and ground⁃surface settlement caused by braced excavation in Clays.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,133(6),731⁃747.

Kung,G.T.C.,Hsiao,E.C.L.,Schuster,M.,and Juang,C.H.(2007).“A neural network approach to estimating excavation induced wall deflection in soft clays.”Computers and Geotechnics,35(5),385⁃396.

Ledesma,A.,Gens,A.,and Alonso,E.E.(1996).“Parameter and variance estimation in geotechnical back analysis using prior information.”Numerical&Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,20,119⁃141.

Lee,F.H.,Yong,K.Y.,Quan,K.C.N.,and Chee,K.T.(1998).“Effect of corners in strutted excavations:Field monitoring and case histories.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,124(4),339⁃349.

Lee,J.S.(2009).“An application of three⁃dimensional analysis around a tunnel portal under construction.”Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,24(6),731⁃738.

Lee,S.L.,Karunaratne,G.P.,Lo,K.W.,Yong,K.Y.,and Choa,V.(1985).“Developments in soft ground engineering in Singapore”Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,1661⁃1666.

Leonard,M.,Wong,H.,and DeLabrusse,P.(1987).“The design and performance of the temporary works for Somerset and Tiong Bahru stations.”Mass Rapid Transit System:Proceedings of the Singapore Mass Rapid Transit Conference,Singapore:Mass Rapid Transit Corp,141⁃145.

Leonards,G.A.(1975).“Discussion of differential settlement of buildings.”Journal Geotechnical Engineering Division,101(7),700⁃702.

Levasseur,S.,Malécot,Y.,Boulon,M.,and Flavigny,E.(2008).“Soil parameter identification using a genetic algorithm.”International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,32(2),189⁃213.

Li,E.S.F.,Nyirenda,Z.M.,and Pickles,A.R.(1992).“Design and measured performance of diaphragm walls at Waterloo International Terminal.”Proceedings of the International Conference on Retaining Structures,London:Thomas Telford,237⁃247.

Li,X.S.,and Dafalias,Y.F.(2000).“Dilatancy for cohesionless soils.”Geotechnique,50(4),449⁃460.

Liao,H.J.,and Hsieh,P.G.(2002).“Tied⁃back excavations in alluvial soil of Taipei.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,128(5),435⁃441.

Lim,K.W.,Wong,K.S.,Orihara,K.,and Ng,P.B.(2003).“Comparison of results of excavation analysis using WALLUP,SAGE CRISP,and EXCAV97.”Proceedings of Underground Singapore.Singapore,Nanyang Technological University,83⁃94.

Liu,C.C.,Hsieh,H.S.,and Huang,C.S.(1997).“A study of the stability analysis for deep excavations in clay.”The 7th Geotechnical Conference,Taipei,629⁃638.

Liu,G.,Ng,C.,and Wang,Z.(2005).“Observed performance of a deep multistrutted excavation in Shanghai soft clays.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 131(8),1004⁃1013.

Long,M.(1997).“Design and construction of deep basements in Dublin,Ireland.”Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1377⁃1380.

Long,M.(2001).“Database for retaining wall and ground movements due to deep excavations.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,127(3),203⁃224.

Long,M.(2002).“Observations of ground and structure movements during site re⁃development in Dublin.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,155(4),229⁃242.

Long,M.,Brangan,C.,Menkiti,C.,Looby,M.,and Casey,P.(2012).“Retaining walls in Dublin boulder clay,Ireland.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,165(4),247⁃266.

Long,M.,Daynes,P.,Donohue,S.,and Looby,M.(2012).“Retaining wall behaviour in Dublin’s fluvio⁃glacial gravel,Ireland.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,165(50),289⁃307.

Long,M.,and Dhouwt,B.(2003).“Behaviour of a diaphragm wall in dense gravels.”Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics,Lisse,the Netherlands,209⁃214.

Long,M.,Menkiti,C.,Skipper,J.,Brangan,C.,and Looby,M.(2012).“Retaining wall behaviour in Dublin’s estuarine deposits,Ireland.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil—Engineers Geotechnical Engineering,165(6),351⁃365.

Long,M.,O’Leary,F.,Ryan,M.,and Looby,M.(2013).“Deep excavation in Irish glacial deposits.”Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2039⁃2042.

Looby,M.,and Long,M.(2007).“Deep excavations in Dublin—Recent developments.”Transactions of Engineers Ireland,31,1⁃15.

Looby,M.,and Long,M.(2010).“Behaviour of cantilever retaining walls in Dublin soils.”Proceedings of the DFI/EFFC 11th International Conference:Geotechnical Challenges in Urban Regeneration,London.

Low,B.K.,and Tang,W.H.(1997).“Efficient reliability evaluation using spreadsheet”Jouranl Engineering Mechanics,123(7),749⁃752.

Low,B.K.,and Tang,W.H.(2007).“Efficient spreadsheet algorithm for first⁃order reliability method.”Journal of Engineering Mechanics,133(12),1378⁃1387.

Mair,R.J.,and Padfield,C.J.(1984).“Design of retaining walls embedded in stiff clay.”Publication of Construction Industry Research&Information Assoc,104,1⁃16.

Maldonado,R.(1998).“Big digs in the lacustrine soil of Bogotá,Colombia.”Big digs around the world,252⁃272.

Mana,A.I.,and Clough,G.W.(1981).“Prediction of movements for braced cuts in clay.”Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,107(6),759⁃777.

Maquet,J.F.(1981).“Quai en paroi moulee du port autonome du Havre.”Bulletin de Liaison des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées,113,109⁃134.

Marquardt,D.W.(1963).“An algorithm for least⁃squares estimation of nonlinear parameters.”Journal of the Society for Industrial&Applied Mathematics,11(2),431⁃441.

Massad,M.(1985).“Braced excavations in lateritic and weathered sedimentary soils.”Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,113⁃116.

Mattos⁃Fernandes,M.(1985).“Performance and analysis of a deep excavation in Lisbon.”Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,127⁃132.

Metropolis,N.,Rosenbluth,A.W.,Rosenbluth,M.N.,Teller,A.H.,and Teller,E.(1953).“Equations of state calculations by fast computing machines.”Journal of chemical physics,21(6),1087⁃1092.

Monnet,J.,Khlif,J.,and Biard,C.(1994).“The diaphragm wall—Le Mail—Experimental and numerical study.”Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands:A.A.Balkema,39⁃44.

Moormann,C.(2004).“Analysis of wall and ground movements due to deep excavations in soft soil based on a new worldwide database.”Soils and Foundations,44,87⁃98.

Morton,K.,Leonard,M.S.M.,and Cater,R.W.(1980).“Building settlements and ground movements associated with the construction of two stations of the modified initial system of the mass transit railway,Hong Kong.”Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Ground Movements and Structures,Wales,UK:University of Cardiff,788⁃800.

Mothersille,D.,Duzceer,R.,Gokalp,A.,and Okumusoglu,B.(2015).“Support of 25 m deep excavation using ground anchors in Russia.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering 168(4),281⁃295.

Mu,L.,and Huang,M.(2016).“Small strain based method for predicting three⁃dimensional soil displacements induced by braced excavation.”Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2,12⁃22.

Muir Wood,D.(1990).Soil Behaviour and Critical State Soil Mechanics,Cambridge University Press,London,UK.

Murphy,D.J.,Woolworth,R.S.,and Clough,G.W.(1975).“Temporary excavation in varved clay.”Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,101(3),279⁃295.

Nalcakan,M.S.,Tekin,M.,Tönuk,G.,and Ergun,U.(2004).“Behaviour of a watertight anchored retaining wall in soft soil conditions.”Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

NAVFAC(1982).“Foundations and Earth Structures,Design Manual 7.2.”Department of the Navy,USA.

Ng,C.W.W.(1992).“An Evaluation of Soil⁃Structure Interaction Associated with a Multi⁃propped Excavation.”Ph D Thesis University of Bristol,13(1),31⁃35.

Ng,C.W.W.,Hong,Y.,Liu,G.B.,and Liu,T.(2012).“Ground deformations and soil⁃structure interaction of a multi⁃propped excavation in Shanghai soft clays.”Géotechnique,62(10),907⁃921.

Ng,C.W.W.,and Yan,R.W.M.(1998).“Stress transfer and deformation mechanisms around a diaphragm wall panel.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,124(7),638⁃648.

Nicholson,D.P.(1987).“The design and performance of the retaining walls at Newton Station.”Mass Rapid Transit System:Proceedings of the Singapore Mass Rapid Transit Conference,Singapore,Mass Rapid Transit Corp,47⁃54.

Nonveiller,E.(1989).Grouting Theory and Practice,Elsevier,Amersterdam.

Norwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI).(1962).“Measurements at a strutted excavation,Oslo Subway,Enerhaugen South,km 1982.”Technical Report No.3.,Oslo,Norway.

Norwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI).(1962b).“Measurements at a strutted excavation,the new headquarters building for the Norwegian Telecommunications Administration,Oslo.”Technical Report No.4.,Oslo,Norway.

Norwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI).(1962c).“Measurements at a strutted excavation,Oslo Subway,Grønland 2,km 1692.”Technical Report No.5.,Oslo,Norway.

Norwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI).(1962d).“Measurements at a strutted excavation,Oslo Subway,Vaterland 1,km 1373.”Technical Report No.6.,Oslo,Norway.

Norwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI).(1962e).“Measurements at a strutted excavation,Oslo Subway,Vaterland 2,km 1408.”Technical Report No.7.,Oslo,Norway.

Norwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI).(1962f).“Measurements at a strutted excavation,Oslo Subway,Vaterland 3,km 1450.”Technical Report No.8.,Oslo,Norway.

Nussbaumer,M.F.(1998).“Massive big digging in the center of Berlin.”Big digs around the world,333⁃357.

O’Leary,F.,Long,M.,and Ryan,M.(2016).“The long⁃term behaviour of retaining walls in Dublin.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,169(2),99⁃109.

O’Rourke,T.D.(1992).“Base stability and ground movement prediction for excavations in soft clay.”Proceedings of the International Conference on Retaining Structures,London:Thomas TelforD,657⁃686.

O’Rourke,T.D.,and C.J.P.F.,J.(1990).“Overview of earth retention systems:1970⁃1990.”Design and performance of earth retaining structures,22⁃51.

O’Rourke,T.D.,and McGinn,A.J.(2006).“Lessons learned for ground movements and soil stabilization from the Boston Central Artery.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,132(8),966⁃989.

Onishi,K.,and Sugawara,T.(1999).“Behaviour of an earth retaining wall during deep excavation in Shanghi soft ground.”Soils and Foundations,39(3),89⁃97.

Ou,C.Y.(2006).Deep excavation:theory and practice,Taylor and Francis.

Ou,C.Y.,Chiou,D.C.,and Wu,T.S.(1996).“Three⁃dimensional finite element analysis of deep excavations.”Journal of Geotechnical Engineering⁃Asce,122(5),337⁃345.

Ou,C.Y.,Hsien,P.G.,and Chiou,D.C.(1993).“Characteristics of ground surface settlement during excavation.”Canadian Geotechnical Journal,30(5),758⁃767.

Ou,C.Y.,Liao,J.T.,and Lin,H.D.(1998).“Performance of diaphragm wall constructed using top⁃down method.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,124(9),798⁃808.

Ou,C.Y.,Lin,Y.L.,and Hsieh,P.G.(2006).“Case record of an excavation with cross walls and buttress walls.”Journal of Geoengineering,1(2),79⁃86.

Ou,C.Y.,and Lin,Y.W.(1999).“Application of Cross Wall to Deep Excavations,Geotechnical Research Report No.GT99006.”National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Taipei.

Ou,C.Y.,Shiau,B.Y.,and Wang,I.W.(2000).“Three dimensional deformantion behavior of the TEC excavation case history.”Canadian Geotechnical Journal,37(2),438⁃448.

Ou,C.Y.,and Wang,I.W.(1997).“Measures for Reducing Wall Deformation in Deep Excavations,Geotechnical Research Report No.GT97006.”Taipei,National Taiwan University of Science and Technology.

Ou,C.Y.,and Wu,C.H.(1990).“Deformation behavior of excavations in sandy soils due to grouting.”Journal of the Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,2(2),169⁃182.

Padfield,C.J.,and Mair,R.J.(1984).“Design of Retaining Walls Embedded in Stiff Clay,CIRIA Report No.104.”England,83⁃84.

Pande,G.N.,and Sharma,K.G.(1979).“On the joint/interface elements and associated problems of numericalⅢ⁃conditioning.”International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,3,301⁃312.

Peck,R.B.(1969a).“Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground.”Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Mexico City,225⁃290.

Peck,R.B.(1969b).“Advantages and limitations of the observational method in applied soil mechanics.”Geotechnique,19(2),171⁃187.

Pei,L.J.,Qu,B.N.,and Qian,S.G.(2010).“Uniformity of slope instability criteria of strength reduction with FEM.”Rock and Soil Mechanics,31(10),3337⁃3341.

Poeter,E.P.,and Hill,M.C.(1998).Documentation of UCODE,a computer code for universal inverse modeling,U.S.Geological Survey Water⁃Resources Investigations Rep.

Potts,D.M.,and Addenbrooke,T.I.(1997).“A structure’s influence on tunnelling⁃induced groundmovements.”Proceedings of the ICE⁃geotechnical engineering,125(2),117⁃125.

Powell,M.(1962).“An iterative method for finding stationary value of a function.”The Computer Journal,5,147⁃151.

Powrie,W.,and Batten,M.(1997).Prop loads in large braced excavations,Construction Industry Research&Information Association(CIRIA),London.

Powrie,W.,and Kantartzi,C.(1996).“Ground response during diaphragm wall installation in clay:centrifuge model tests.”Geotechnique,46(4),725⁃739.

Preene,M.,Roberts,T.O.L.,and Powrie,W.(2016).Groundwater control:design and practice,second edition,C750,CIRIA,London.

Price,K.,and Storn,R.(1997).“Differential evolution:a simple evolution strategy for fast optimization.”Dr Dobb’s journal,22(4),18⁃24.

Puller,M.(2003).Deep excavation⁃a practical manual,second edition,ICE Publishing,London.

Puzrin,A.M.,Alonso,E.E.,and Pinyol,N.M.(2010).Geomechanics of Failures,Springer,Netherlands.

Rahimi,M.M.,Karwaj,C.,and Deb,P.K.(1993).“Failure of Sewerage Mains Constructed in Sof Estuarine Deposit.”International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering.

Rampello,S.,Tamagini,C.,and Calabresi,G.(1992).“Observed and predicted response of a braced excavation in soft to medium clay.”Proceedings of the Wroth Memorial Symposium,London,Thomas Telford,544⁃561.

Rankine,W.M.J.(1857).On stability on loose earth,Philosophic Transactions of Royal Society,UK.

Reddy,A.S.,and Srinivasan,R.J.(1967).“Bearing capacity of footing on layered clay.”Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,93(2),83⁃99.

Richards,D.J.,Homes,G.,and Beadman,D.R.(1999).“Measurement of temporary prop loads at Mayfair park.”Proceedings of the ICE⁃geotechnical engineering,137(3),165⁃174.

Richards,D.J.,Powrie,W.,Roscoe,H.,and Clark,J.(2007).“Pore water pressure and horizontal stress changes measured during construction of a contiguous bored pile multi⁃propped retaining wall in Lower Cretaceous clays.”Géotechnique,57(2),197⁃205.

Roboski,J.F.,and Finno,R.J.(2006).“Distributions of Ground Movements Parallel to Deep Excavations.”Canadian Geotechnical Journal,43(1),43⁃58.

Rodriguez,J.M.,and Flamand,C.L.(1969).“Strut loads recorded in a deep excavation in clay.”Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Mexico City,459⁃468.

Roscoe,H.,and Twine,D.(2010).“Design and performance of retaining walls.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,163(5),279⁃290.

Roth,W.,Su,B.,Vanbaarsel,J.,and Lindquist,E.(2008).“Effect of high in⁃situ stress on braced excavations.”Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Roti,J.A.,and Friis,J.(1985).“Diaphragm wall performance in soft clay excavation.”Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,2073⁃2078.

Rowe,P.W.(1952).“Anchored sheet pile wall.”Proceedings Civil Engineering,1(1),27⁃70.

Rowe,P.W.(1986).“The potentially latent dominance of groundwater in ground engineering,Journal of engineering geology and hydrogeology.”Engineering geology special publication,3,27⁃42.

Sachdeva,T.D.,and Ramakrishnan,C.V.(1981).“A finite element solution for the two⁃dimensional elastic contact problems with friction.”International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Engineering,1257⁃1271.

Saleem,M.(2015).“Application of numerical simulation for the analysis and interpretation of pile⁃anchor system failure.”Geomechanics and Engineering,9(6),689⁃707.

Santos,J.,A.,and Correia,A.G.(2001).“Reference threshold shear strain of soil:Its application to obtain a unique strain⁃dependent shear modulus curve for soil.”Proceedings 15th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Istanbul,Turkey,267⁃270.

Sanzeni A,C.F.,Mino,M.,and Merline,A.(2013).“Behavior prediction and monitoring of a deep excavation in the historic center of Brescia.”Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Schanz,T.(1998).Zur Modellierung des Mechanischen Verhaltens von Reibungsmaterialen.,Habilitation,Stuttgart Universitat.

Sen,K.K.,Alostaz,Y.,Pellegrino,G.,and Hagh,A.(2004).“Support of deep excavation in soft clay:A case history study.”Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Sevencan,O.,Ozaydin,K.,and Kilic,H.(2013).“Numerical analysis of soil deformations around deep excavations.”Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Shao,Y.,Macari,E.J.,and Cai,W.(2005).“Compound deep soil mixing columns for retaining structures in excavations.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,131(11),1370⁃1377.

Sharma,K.G.,and Desai,C.S.(1992).“Analysis and implementation of thin⁃layer element for interfaces and joints.”Journal of Engineering Mechanics,118(2),2444⁃2461.

Shi,J.,Liu,G.,Huang,P.,and Ng,C.W.W.(2015).“Interaction between a large⁃scale triangular excavation and adjacent structures in Shanghai soft clay.”Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,50,282⁃295.

Sichart,W.(1928).Das Fassungsvermogen von Rohrbrunnen,Julius Springer,Berlin.

Sills,G.C.,Burland,J.B.,and Czechowski,M.K.(1997).“Behaviour of an anchored diaphragm wall in stiff clay.”Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Tokyo,Japan,147⁃155.

Simic,M.,and French,D.J.(1998).“Three dimensional analysis of deep underground stations.”Seminar on the value of geotechnics in construction,93⁃100.

Simpson,B.(1992).“Retaining structures:Displacement and design.”Géotechnique,42(4),541⁃576.

Skempton,A.W.(1951).“The bearing capacity of clays.”Proceeding of Building Research Congress,1,180⁃189.

Smith,I.M.,and Griffiths,D.V.(1982).Programming the Finite Element Method,second edition,John Wiley Sons,Chisester,U.K.

St.John,H.D.,Potts,D.M.,Jardine,R.J.,and Higgins,K.G.(1992).“Prediction and performance of ground response due to the construction of a deep basement at 60 Victoria Embankment.”Predictive Soil Mechanics,Proceedings of the Wroth Memorial Symposium,London:Thomas Telford,449⁃465.

Steiner,W.,and Werded,F.(1991).“Performance of a 17 m deep tie back wall under large surcharge loads.”Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands.

Stevens,A.,Corbett,B.O.,and Steele,A.J.(1977).“Barbican arts centre:The design and construction of the substructure.”Structural Engineer,55(11),473⁃485.

Stevenson,M.C.,and De Moor,E.K.(1994).“Limehouse Link:Cut and cover tunnel,design and performance.”Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,887⁃890.

Storn,R.,and Price,K.(1997).“Differential evolution—a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces.”Journal of Global Optimization,11(4),341⁃359.

Swanson,P.G.,and Larson,T.W.(1990).“Shoring failure in soft clay.”Design and performance of earth retaining structures,551⁃561.

Symons,I.F.,and Carder,D.R.(1991).“The behaviour in service of a propped retaining wall in stiff clay.”Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,761⁃766.

Symons,I.F.,and Carder,D.R.(1992).“Field measurement on embedded retaining walls.”Geotechnique,42(1),117⁃126.

Symons,I.F.,Little,J.A.,and Carder,D.R.(1988).“Ground movements and deflections of an anchored sheet pile wall in granular soil.”Engineering Geology Special Publications,5(1),117⁃127.

Tait,R.G.,and Taylor,H.T.(1975).“Rigid and flexible bracing systems on adjacent sites.”Journal of the Construction Division,101(2),365⁃376.

Tamano,T.,Fukui,S.,Mizutani,S.,Tsuboi,H.,and Hisatake,M.(1996).“Earth and water pressures acting on a braced excavation in soft ground.”Proceedings of the International Symposium Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,207⁃212.

Tan,S.B.,Tan,S.L.,and Chin,Y.K.(1985).“A braced sheet pile excavation in Singapore marine clay.”Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,1671⁃1674.

Tan,Y.,and Wei,B.(2012).“Observed behaviours of a long and deep excavation constructed by cut⁃and⁃cover technique in Shanghai soft clay.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,138(1),69⁃88.

Tanaka,H.(1996).“Undrained shear strength for passive earth pressure in an excavation in soft clay.”Proceedings of the International Symposium Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,213⁃218.

Tang,Y.G.,and Kung,T.C.(2009).“Application of nonlinear optimization technique to back analyses of deep excavation.”Computers and Geotechnics,36(1⁃2),276⁃290.

Tarantola,A.(1987).Inverse Problem Theory:Methods for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation,Elsevier Amsterdam.

Tedd,P.,Chard,B.M.,Charles,J.A.,and Symons,I.F.(1984).“Behaviour of a propped embedded retaining wall in stiff clay at Bell Common Tunnel.”Géotechnique,34(4),513⁃532.

Terzaghi,K.(1943).Theoretical Soil Mechanics,John Wiley&Sons,New York,USA.

Terzaghi,K.,and Peck,R.B.(1967).Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice,John Wiley&Sons,New York.

TGS(2001).“Design Specifications for the Foundation of the Building.”Taiwanese Geotechnical Society.

Thasnanipan,N.,Aye,Z.Z.,and Submaneewong,C.(2004).“Construction of diaphragm wall support underground car park in historical area of Bangkok.”Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Theis,C.V.(1935).“The relation between the lowering of the piezometric surface and the rate and discharge of a well using ground water storage.”Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 16th Annual Meeting.

Thiem,G.(1906).Hydrologische Methoden,JM Gephardt,Leipzig.

Triantafyllidis,T.(1998).“Neue erkenntnisse an tiefen baugruben am Potsdamer Platz in Berlin.”Bautechnik,75(3),133⁃154.

Triantafyllidis,T.,Brem,G.,and Vogel,U.(1997).“Construction monitoring and performance of the deep basement excavation at Potsdamer Platz,Berlin.”Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1347⁃1350.

Tse,C.M.,and Nicholson,D.P.(1992).“Design,construction and monitoring of the basement diaphragm wall at Minster Court,London.”Proceedings of the International Conference on Retaining Structures,London:Thomas Telford,323⁃332.

Twine,D.,and Roscoe,H.(1999).“Temporary Propping of Deep Excavations⁃Guidance on Design.”CIRIA C517,CIRIA London.

Ulrich,E.J.(1989).“Internally braced cuts in overconsolidated soils.”Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,115(4),504⁃520.

Ulrich,E.J.(1989).“Tieback supported cuts in overconsolidated soils.”Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,115(44),521⁃545.

Van Langen,H.,and Vermeer,P.A.(1990).“Automatic step size correction for non⁃associated plasticity problems.”International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,29(3),579⁃598.

Vanderplaats,G.(1984).Numerical optimization techniques for engineering design with applications,McGraw⁃Hill Inc,USA.

Veneziano,D.(1974).Contributions to second moment reliability,Dept.of Civil Engineering,MIT,Cambridge,Mass.

Vezinhet,M.,Brucy,M.,and Balay,J.(1989).“Behaviour of a quay in compressible silts.”Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,1527⁃1528.

Von Rosenvinge,T.I.(2013).“Tied⁃Back Wall Failure,Boston,MA.”International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering.

Von Soos,P.(1990).“Properties of soil and rock.”Grundbautaschenbuch Part 4,Berlin.

Vucetic,M.,and Dobry,R.(1991).“Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response.”Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,117(1),89⁃107.

Vuillemin,R.J.,and Wong,H.(1991).“Deep excavation in urban environment:3 examples.”Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,843⁃847.

Wallace,J.C.,Ho,C.E.,and Long,M.,M.(1992).“Retaining wall behaviour for a deep basement in Singapore marine clay.”Proceedings of the International Conference on Retaining Structures,London:Thomas Telford,195⁃204.

Ward,K.(1992).“The design and performance during construction of the propped secant pile wall at Holborn Bars London.”Proceedings of the International Conference on Retaining Structures,London:Thomas Telford,216⁃226.

Ware,K.R.,Mirsky,M.,and Leuniz,W.E.(1973).“Tieback wall construction—Results and controls.”Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,99(12),1136⁃1152.

Watson,G.V.R.,and Carder,D.R.(1994).“Comparison of the measured and computed performance of a propped bored pile retaining wall at Walthamstow.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Geotechnical Engineering,107(3),127⁃133.

WeiBenbach,A.,and Gollub,P.(1995).“Neue Erkenntnisseüber mehrfach verankerte Ortbetonwände.”Bautechnik,72(12),780⁃799.

Whittle,A.J.,and Davies,R.V.(2006).“Nicoll Highway Collapse:Evaluation of Geotechnical Factors Affecting Design of Excavation Support System.”International Conference on Deep Excavations,28⁃30.

Whittle,A.J.,Hashash,Y.M.A.,and Whitman,R.V.(1993).“Analysis of deep excavation in Boston.”Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,119(1),69⁃90.

Wikipedia,<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nicoll_Highway_Mrt_Locator.png>.

Winkler,E.(1867).Die Lehre Von Elasticitaet Und Festigkeit,Pray(H.Dominicus).

Winter,D.G.(1990).“Pacific first center performance of the tie back shoring wall.”Design and performance of earth retaining structures,764⁃777.

Wong,I.H.,and Chua,T.S.(1999).“Ground movements due to pile driving in an excavation in soft soil.”Canadian Geotechnical Journal,36(1),152⁃160.

Wong,I.H.,Poh,T.Y.,and Chuah,H.L.(1997).“Performance of excavations for depressed expressway in Singapore.”Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,123(7),617⁃625.

Wong,K.S.,and Broms,B.B.(1989).“Lateral wall deflections of braced excavations in clay.”Journal Geotechnical Engineering,115(6),853⁃870.

Wong,L.W.,Shau,M.C.,and Chen,H.T.(1996).“Compaction grouting for correcting building settlement.”Grouting and Deep Mixing,Rotterdam,T he Netherlands.

Woo,S.M.(1992).“Method,design and construction for building protection during deep excavation.”Sino⁃Geotechnics,40,51⁃61.

Wood,L.A.,Maynard,A.,and Forbes⁃King,C.J.(1988).“The instrumentation and performance of an anchored retaining wall.”Instrumentation in Geotechnical Engineering,London:Thomas Telford,137⁃154.

Wood,L.A.,and Perrin,A.J.(1984).“Observations of a strutted diaphragm wall in London Clay:A preliminary assessment.”Géotechnique,34(4),563⁃579.

Xanthakos,P.(1994).Slurry Walls as Structural System,2nd Edition,McGraw⁃Hill,Inc,New York.

Xiao,H.B.,Tang,J.,Li,Q.S.,and Luo,Q.Z.(2003).“Analysis of multi⁃braced earth retaining structures.”Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Structures and Buildings,156(3),307⁃318.

Xu,J.,and Zheng,Y.R.(2001).“Random back analysis of field geotechnical parameter by response surface method.”Rock and Soil Mechanics,22(2),167⁃170.

Xu,Z.H.,Zhang,J.,and Chen,C.(2013).“A case history of a deep foundation pit constructed by zoned excavation method in Shanghai soft deposit.”Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Young,D.K.,and Ho,E.W.L.(1994).“The observational approach to design of a sheet piled retaining wall.”Géotechnique,44(4),637⁃654.

Zekkos,D.P.,Athanasopoulos,A.G.,and Athanasopoulos,G.A.(2004).“Deep supported excavation in difficult ground conditions in the city of Patras,Greece—Measured vs.predicted behavior.”Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering,Missouri University of Science and Technology.

Zhang,W.,Goh,A.T.C.,and Xuan,F.(2015).“A simple prediction model for wall deflection caused by braced excavation in clays.”Computers and Geotechnics,63,67⁃72.

Zhang,W.,Goh,A.T.C.,and Zhang,Y.(2015).“Updating soil parameters using spreadsheet method for predicting wall deflections in braced excavations.”Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,33(6),1489⁃1498.

Zhang,W.,Z.,H.,Goh,A.T.C.,and R.,Z.(2019).“Estimation of strut forces for braced excavation in granular soils from numerical analysis and case histories.”Computers and Geotechnics 106,286⁃295.

Zhang,W.G.,and Goh,A.T.C.(2013).“Multivariate adaptive regression splines for analysis of geotechnical engineering systems.”Computers and Geotechnics,8,82⁃95.

Zhang,W.G.,Wang,W.,Zhou.,D.,Z.,R.H.,Goh,A.T.C.,and Hou,Z.J.(2018).“Influence of groundwater drawdown on excavation responses—A case history in Bukit Timah granitic residual soils.”Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,10(5),856⁃864.

Zhang,W.G.,Zhang,R.H.,Fu,Y.R.,Goh,A.T.C.,and Zhang,F.(2018).“2D and 3D numerical analysis on strut responses due to one⁃strut failure.”Geomechanics and Engineering,15,965⁃972.

Zhao,X.H.,Gong,J.,Chen,Z.M.,and Bao,Y.(1999).“Design and practice on special deep and large excavation engineering in Shanghai.”Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Rotterdam,the Netherlands,239⁃244.