外科与外科手术
1.A one-sentence definition of surgery does not begin to encompass the totality of this magnificent specialty or what we do as surgeons.The human experience of our profession, our science, and our art is more grand than Webster’s accurate, but ultimately, unsatisfactory characterization.
—— Michael S.Kavic
【译文】简单一句话的定义根本无法涵盖外科这一伟大的专业，或概括我们外科医生所做的一切。《韦氏大辞典》的定义纵使准确，但相较于由我们的职业、我们的科学，以及我们的艺术而来的人性体验而言终究还是难以令人满意。
2.Some call surgery a science, others an art; but in my opinion, it may claim either appellation.
—— Lorenz Heiater, 1683——1758
【译文】有人说外科是一门科学，有人说是一门艺术；在我看来，两者都没说错。
3.Surgery is not a trade or art, but a way of life.
—— Alexander A.Artemiev
【译文】外科既不是一桩生意，也不是艺术，而是一种生活方式。
4.Surgery is not an art; it is personality disorder.
【译文】外科不是一门艺术，而是一种人格障碍。
【点评】此话看似无厘头，但真正的外科医生是能够心领神会的。
5.Surgery is both an art and science.The science is pretty straight forward.The art influences the discipline in many ways, some of which border on the mystical.
—— Leo A.Gordon
【译文】外科既是艺术，也是科学。科学很直率，艺术以各种方式影响着这门学科，其中一些近乎神秘。
6.You engage in danger, you take the risk, when the punishment for temporizing is greater than the peril of acting.This is why surgery is more an art,not only a science.
—— Moshe Schein
【译文】一旦躲闪或拖延所带来的惩罚比采取行动更大，你就会陷入困境，承担风险。这就是为什么外科手术更像是一门艺术，而不仅仅是一门科学。
7.What you can do for a patient is infinitely more important that what you can do to a patient.The art of surgery is to discover the difference.
—— Robert Flemma
【译文】“你能为患者做什么”比“你会给患者做什么”重要得多。外科的艺术就在于发现这其中的差别。
8.The surgeon should always remember that operation is not synonymous with surgery, and that primary object of surgery is not operation, but the cure of the patient.
—— Max Thorek, 1880——1960
【译文】外科医生应该永远记住：手术不是外科的同义词，外科的主要目标不是手术，而是治愈患者。
9.This last part of surgery, namely, operation, is reflection on the healing art; it is tacit acknowledgement of the insufficiency of surgery, it is like an armed savage who attempts to get that by force, which a civilized man would get by stratagem.
—— John Hunter, 1728——1793
【译文】外科的最后一招就是手术，这是一种治疗艺术的反映，也是对不完美外科的默认。就像一个全副武装的野蛮人，只能企图通过武力，而不是像文明人那样通过谋略解决问题。
【点评】在那个以能做手术、能做大手术逞英豪的年代就能意识到外科手术是外科学不够完美的无奈之举的人，真是外科学的旷世大师，叹服！
10. Diseases which are not cured by medications are cured by iron; those which are not cured by iron are cured by fire; those which are not cured by fire are incurable.
—— Hippocrates, 460——377 BC
【译文】药物治不了的病得用铁（刀）来治；铁（刀）治不了的病得用火（烧灼）来治；火（烧灼）也无法治愈的病就是不治之症了。
【考注】有文章（Cancer，2004，100：2048）考证，上述这段文字是希波克拉底针对肿瘤的治疗而言的。该文引用这段文字时，分别在iron、fire后面用括号做了加注：iron（knife）、fire （cautery）。由此可见，早在2000多年前，先哲们就对外科及外科手术在医学中的作用给出了准确的定位。
11. Surgery is the best of the medical science; less liable than any other to the fallacy of conjectural or inferential practice; perpetual in its applicability; the worthy produce of heaven and the certain source of fame.
—— Dhanwantaree, ?——600 BC
【译文】医学中最牛的专业是外科。因为相对于其他专业而言，外科少有凭空臆测或推论的谬误，并且实用性持久。她是上苍赐予我们最有价值的礼物，也是（医生）美誉度的重要来源。
【点评】所谓“少有凭空臆测或推论的谬误”无非是外科医生有“打开肚子看一看”的特权和优势。其实，如今随着各种辅助诊断技术的进步，外科医生的这种特权和优势正江河日下。
12. The surgeon is dealing with the most divine of all professions: to heal without wonders, and to perform wonders without words.
—— Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749——1832
【译文】外科医生从事着最神圣的职业：平平常常治愈病患，不声不响创造奇迹。
【点评】看似寻常最奇崛，成如容易却艰辛。
13. Surgery does the ideal thing——it separates the patient from his disease.It puts the patient back to bed and the disease in a bottle.
—— Logan Clendening
【译文】 外科手术做的是一件理想化的事——将患者从病魔手中拉回来，让患者重回床上，把病魔关进瓶中。
14. Surgery is a contact sport.
【译文】外科手术是一项接触式运动。
15. Surgery is the last of the true blood sports.(https://www.daowen.com)
—— Wilson Carswell
【译文】外科手术是最后一项真正流血的运动。
16.Operating is a highly addicting habit.
【译文】做手术是一种高度成瘾的习惯。
17. Surgery is a performing art.It better be good.The patient takes the repercussions of the act, the nurses watch the actual show and the pathologist writes the criticism.
—— P.O.Nystrom
【译文】外科手术是一门表演艺术，护士现场观看，病理医生写剧评，期待有好的结果。因为患者是行为后果的最终承担者。
18. The joy of surgery:①the pleasure of helping a sick person get better;②the discovery of new knowledge; ③the pleasure of teaching; ④the creative use of the hands.
—— Frank C.Spencer
【译文】手术的愉悦在于：①帮助患者康复；②发现新知识；③传道授业；④创造新手法。
19.In the other fine arts, art is justified for the sake of art.In surgery it is a real need because upon the finesse and perfection of its artistry, the success of the surgical procedure largely and sometimes entirely depends.It is the art of the sculptor rendered with the heroism and skill of a lifesaver.
—— William D.Haggard, 1872——1940
【译文】在其他艺术门类中，为艺术而艺术理所当然。但外科手术是真需要技艺的精致与完美，因为手术的成功在很大程度上取决于此。因此，外科手术常被描绘成一种兼具救命技能和英雄行为的雕塑艺术。
20. As art surgery is incomparable to the beauty of its medium, in its supreme mastery required for its perfect accomplishment, and in the issues of life, suffering,and death, which is so powerfully controls.
—— Berkeley Moynihan, 1865——1936
【译文】艺术的外科手术绝非其手段之美所能比拟，而在于为获得完美的成就必须练就炉火纯青的本事，更在于她是如此强有力地掌控着患者的疾苦和生死。
21. Those therefore who estimate surgery by operation alone, and believe that nothing but long habit and practice is necessary to form the great surgeon,are grossly ignorant of the art, we must think of the insolence and malevolence of those who represent it as a low mechanical art, which may be taught a butcher boy fortnight.
—— John Jones, 1729——1791
【译文】因此，那些单凭手术操作来评价外科，或者相信光靠长时间的浸淫和实践就能造就一名伟大外科医生的人对这门艺术是极端无知的。而把外科手术视为一个屠夫小子两星期就能学会的简单手艺的人该有多么蛮横与恶毒。
22. Technic becomes the be all end all of surgery.Fingers replace brains, and handicraft outruns science.The results is that such a surgeon is apt to undertake operations which may be technically possible, but are scientifically unjustified.
—— Edward W.Archibald, 1872——1945
【译文】一旦技术成为手术的全部目的，手指取代大脑、技巧大过科学，结果将是外科医生能做技术上可行，却有悖于科学的手术。
23. When technology is the master, the result is disaster.
【译文】技术成为主宰之时必将是灾难降临之日。
24. I would like to see the day when somebody would be appointed surgeon somewhere who had no hands, for the operative part is the least part of the work.
—— Harvey Williams Cushing, 1869——1939
【译文】真希望终有一天我能看到有人被聘为不需动手的外科医生，因为操作只是整个外科工作中占比最小的一部分。
【点评】短短一句话，会把外科医生逼疯：加班熬夜、寒来暑往练就的一手看家绝活还只掌握了外科工作中占比最小的那点本事；没有手上这三下五下的功夫又一定会被同行讥讽为“最基础的看家本事都没掌握”。唉，外科医生太难了！
25. He who reduces the province of a surgeon to the performance of operations, and consequently directs his attention in a transient and careless manner to the less splendid parts of his profession, may learn the art of mutilating his fellow creatures, but will never deserve to be treated as a good surgeon.
—— John Pearson, 1758——1826
【译文】如果某人把外科医生的职责局限于做手术，结果以一种浅尝则止、漫不经心的态度将其注意力转到职业中不那么出彩的部分，这样或许他学到的只是残害同胞的技能，永远不配被当作一个优秀外科医生对待。
26. The greatest triumph of surgery today … lies in finding ways for avoiding surgery.
—— Robert Tuttle Marris, 1857——1945
【译文】当今外科最大的成功……在于想办法避免手术。
27.The greatest discoveries of surgery are anaesthesia, asepsis, and roentgenology——and none was made by a surgeon.
—— Martin H.Fischer, 1879——1962
【译文】外科三个最伟大的发现：麻醉、无菌术和伦琴射线——没有一个是外科医生干的。
28.Unless professor of surgery are actually surgeons, the whole structure of American surgery is threatened with collapse.
—— J.Engelbert Dunphy, 1908——1981
【译文】除非外科教授也是（实际工作中的）外科医生，否则美国外科的整体架构将有坍塌的威胁。
【点评】远离临床的外科学是无本之木，无源之水。
29.At the recent time … surgery needs more men of the composer type.—— Evarts Ambrose Graham, 1883——1957
【译文】当下，外科需要更多作曲家类型的人。
30.The art of surgery is not yet perfect and advances now unimaginable are still to come.May you have the wisdom to live with them with grace and humanity.
—— William Stewart Halsted, 1865——1936
【译文】外科艺术尚不完美，难以想象的进步即将到来。愿你心存智慧，保持优雅和仁慈，与之共舞。