巨匠与伟大
1.Giants walked these floors——always two years before you arrived.
【译文】巨匠就曾经踏足此处——只不过他总是比你早两年到达。
【点评】伟人的伟大品质就是先知先觉、万事抢先一步。
2.A Cowboy's Guide to life: Always drink upstream from the herd.
—— Texas Bix Bender
【译文】牛仔生活的启示：总是在牛群的上游喝水。
3.If the ability ...to leave a living memory rather than a bibliography is the test of greatness, then personality is the most important attribute of a great surgeon.
—— William Heneage Ogilvie, 1887——1971
【译文】如果说，不是凭生平简介，而是其留在后人鲜活记忆中的能力才是检测一个伟人的标准，那么，人格魅力才是一名伟大外科医生最重要的品质。
【考注】Bibliography指的是：某作家的著作目录，可理解为某位伟大的作家或者学者著作等身，著作颇丰，能够列出一系列书目。
4.As I look back on these men who influenced me so greatly, I realize that their influence lay not in their craftsmanship, but in their high qualities of mind.
—— William J.Mayo, 1861——1939
【译文】回顾那些对我影响很大的人，我意识到他们的影响力并不在于其手艺，而是他们高尚的思想品质。
5.The giants of today may be a little different from prior giants.But not in the essentials ...a giant is a giant because he is wiser, more imaginative, more tenacious, more industrious and more effective than these around him.Furthermore,he will always be recognized as a giant, even in a society in which we are all considered equal.
—— M.Mark Veto
【译文】今天的巨人可能不同于从前，但基本要素未变……巨人之所以是巨人，是因为他比身边的那些人更睿智、更有想象力、更顽强、更勤奋、更高效。此外，即使在一个人人平等的社会里，他也将永远被视为巨人。
6.The master surgeon declares his class, not only by his operating expertness but by his understanding of the entire situation.
—— Arthur E.Hertzler, 1870——1946
【译文】大师级外科医生之所以被公认为大师，不仅凭他的专业操作，而且有对全局的理解。
7.What, then, are the marks of the really great surgeon? He must, I think, be judged on at least five separate counts ...my principle is to award marks on each count: 10 for knowledge, 30 for original work, 30 for clinical judgment, 20 for operating, and 10 for teaching and writing.To reach the first class a surgeon must obtain 80.
—— William Heneage Ogilvie, 1887——1971
【译文】那么，真正伟大的外科医生的标志是什么呢？我认为，至少应根据以下5项相互独立的品质来判断，并且给每一项赋分：知识10分，原创性30分，临床判断力30分，手术操作20分，教学和写作10分。必须获得80分才称得上第一等的外科医生。
【点评】可直接拿这个标准给我们的外科医生评职称了。
8.Most eminent men are in a large degree self-made and have pursued their subject from the attraction before them, not from stimulus behind.You cannot create this talent.You may indeed give it opportunity but you cannot force it.
—— Edward D.Churchill, 1895——1972
【译文】很大程度上，大多数名人都是白手起家的。他们之所以追求自己的事业，是因为受到前景的吸引，而不是靠身后有人推着。这样的天赋无法创造。你可以赋予他机会，但无法强迫。
9.A great surgeon cannot be recognized by the public.They have no way of judging between a good doctor and a quack or between a real surgeon and a mere pretender.
—— Augustus Charles Bernays, 1854——1907
【译文】一名伟大的外科医生不太可能由公众做出判断。普通人无法区别一名好医生和一个庸医，分不清一名真正的外科医生和一个冒牌货。
【点评】从某种角度而言此话不全无道理。
10.In judging a surgeon we must consider qualities of the head, the heart,and the hand.Greatness of hand is greatness of the hour, lasting only while the skills last and forgotten within a few months of death and retirement.Greatness of the head leads to a secure place during life and an honoured memory afterwards.Greatness of the heart brings a personal influence on patients and pupils and a name that will live among them for one or more generations.When greatness of head and heart combine together they bring immortality.
—— William Heneage Ogilvie, 1887——1971
【译文】评价一名外科医生时，我们必须全面考虑其头脑、心灵和双手的品质。双手的伟大是一时的伟大，只能维系于技能尚存之时，在其离世和退休后几个月就会被遗忘；头脑的伟大是一生安全的保障，并留下一段荣耀的回忆；伟大的心灵才能给患者和学生带来个人影响，并让其英名在他们中间代代相传。一旦头脑和心灵的伟大相结合，那么就会带来不朽。
11.The moderns are, in relation to the ancients, as a dwarf placed on the shoulders of a giant; he sees all that the giant perceives plus a little more.
—— Henri de Mondeville, 1260——1320
【译文】相对古人而言，现代人就像一个站在巨人肩膀上的侏儒，能看到比巨人更多一点的风景。
12.Those who learned from a great master must surely not be content to imitate his methods, but rather must strive to capture his authentic spirit, and in that spirit seek for new roads.(https://www.daowen.com)
—— Berkeley Moynihan, 1865——1936
【译文】向大师学习的人，绝不能只满足于模仿大师的方法，而必须努力捕捉他真正的精神，并在这种精神中寻求新的道路。
13.Lister saw the vast importance of the discoveries of Pasteur.He saw it because he was watching on the heights, and he was watching there alone.
—— Thomas Clifford Allbutt, 1836——1925
【译文】李斯特看到了巴斯德新发现的非凡重要性。之所以能看到，是因为他站立于巅峰，在那里独自眺望。
【点评】所谓独具慧眼是与其长期的积累与思考密不可分的。
14.On the roll call which, in letters of gold, bears the names of the saviors of mankind, no man is more worthy of remembrance than Lister.
—— Berkeley Moynihan, 1865——1936
【译文】在那金字镌刻的人类救世主名录上，没有人比李斯特更值得纪念的了。
【点评】Harvey Graham曾经说过：外科历史只有两个期，即李斯特前期和李斯特后期。足可见李斯特对外科学的巨大贡献。
15.What is now known as Lembert's suture, which ensures that serous surface is applied to serous surface in suturing intestine, is the foundation of all modern gastric and intestinal surgery, and the inventor (Antoine Lembert, 1802-1851) of this suture deserves more prominence than is usually given to him.
—— Zachary Cope, 1881——1974
【译文】所谓Lembert缝合，就是在肠缝合时确保浆膜面对浆膜面。该技术是所有现代胃肠外科的基础，其发明者（Antoine Lembert，1802——1851）的卓越之处远超出人们对他日常的褒奖。
16.About Rudolf Nissen: "somehow he reminds me of a surgical Paganini".
—— Max Thorek, 1880——1960
【译文】每当谈起鲁道夫·尼森医生，就不禁让我想起他就是外科界的帕格尼尼。
【考注】Paganini（1782——1840）是意大利小提琴/吉他演奏家、作曲家，早期浪漫乐派音乐家，是历史上最著名的小提琴大师之一。
比Rudolf Nissen（1896——1981）长16岁的Max Thorek能这样赞扬Nissen实属不易。Nissen是20世纪德国一名杰出的普外科医生，被誉为是一位高产的评论人、优秀的研究员、外科医生和导师。成功完成首例肺切除、肺叶切除，关于胃食管反流性疾病（GERD）及食管裂孔疝的外科病理生理研究和以他名字命名的手术方法都被认为是他最重要的开创性工作。
17.All surgical roads lead to John Hunter.In the search of those first principles which have guided great men their successors should probe the working of their mind rather than their technical successes.
—— James Learmonth, 1895——1967
【译文】所有外科之路都指向约翰·亨特。在探寻引领伟人们走向成功的重要规律时，应该探究的是他们的思想活动而非其技术成就。
18.On John Hunter: "the fire of his genius threw a beam into the darkness ahead and lit the torch of inquiry that has been the glory of British surgery".
—— William Heneage Ogilvie, 1887——1971
【译文】关于约翰·亨特：“以其天才之火为前方的黑暗投下了一束光芒，并点燃了探索的火炬，擎起大不列颠外科的荣耀。”
【考注】John Hunter（1728——1793）是英国著名外科医生和解剖学家。被誉为科学外科学的开创者和英国病理解剖学研究的先驱。神奇的是他一生竟然没有接受过正规的大学教育。
19.As Moynihan's assistant I felt as a young sculptor might have felt finding himself unexpectedly apprenticed to Michelangelo.
—— Geoffrey Keynes, 1887——1982
【译文】作为Moynihan的助手，我感觉自己当年就像一名年轻的雕塑家，出乎意料地变成了米开朗琪罗的学徒。
【考注】此位Moynihan 就是那个第一个将幽门管溃疡患者的餐后延迟性疼痛称之为“饥饿痛”的英国外科医生Berkeley Moynihan（1865——1936）
20.On Alfred Blalock (1899——1964): "with the passage of time, his shadow continues to lengthen and a day seldom passes but my thoughts return to him,usually with a single question how would he manage this?"
—— David Sabiston
【译文】关于Alfred Blalock（1899——1964）：时间流逝，他的影子在我心中渐长，没有哪一天，我的思绪不会回到他身上，常常自问：“他是如何能做到这一点的？”
【考注】Alfred Blalock就是那位与儿童心脏病学家Helen B.Taussig共同设计出法乐氏四联症外科手术方法的美国外科医生。
21.On William Halsted: "ashes rest in Brooklyn; the flame burns on".
—— Seymour I.Schwartz
【译文】关于William Halsted：虽已长眠于布鲁克林，但生命之火却依旧在燃烧。
【考注】据文献记载，William Stewart Halsted（1852——1922）于1919年做了胆囊手术，但3年后的1922年，他的症状复发，又在巴尔的摩做了一次手术，医生在他的胆囊管中发现了小结石并将其取出，但他在术后的1922年9月7日死于细菌感染。遗体火化后，骨灰被安葬在纽约布鲁克林格林伍德公墓的自家墓地。