结 直 肠
1.The only time human beings wish they could defecate and fart is when they are not able to do so.
—— Moshe Schein
【译文】人们只是在其无法这样做时才希望自己能大便和放屁。
2.Sounds that might shock a duchess are music of the spheres to the surgeon.
【译文】令公爵夫人惊骇的屁对外科医生而言则犹如天籁之音。
3.We suffer and die through the defects that arise in our sewerage and drainage systems.
—— William A.Lane, 1856——1943
【译文】常让我们遭罪甚至死亡的是我们身体的下水道和污水排泄系统故障。
4.It is more important to insert the finger into the lower end than to put the thermometer into the upper end of the alimentary tract.
—— Zachary Cope, 1881——1974
【译文】放个手指进肛门比放个体温计进口腔重要得多。
5.Rectum: if you don't put your finger in it，you put foot in it.
【译文】直肠：你不想放手指进去最终你不得不一脚踩进去（沾一脚屎）。
6.The examining physician often hesitates to make the necessary examination because it involves soiling the finger.
—— William J.Mayo, 1861——1939
【译文】查体的医生经常在必须做肛检时犹豫不决，因为他不想弄脏其手指。
7.Rectal examination must not be neglected in diagnosis … I do not mean instrumental but digital examination.This procedure is so repulsive to both physician and patient that it is readily passed by … (to omit it) is criminal where the suspicion of obstruction has arisen.
—— Ernest Amory Codman, 1869——1940
【译文】做诊断时不要忽视了直肠检查……我说的不是仪器检查，而是直肠指检。这一操作，医生和患者都是如此反感因而常常被省略掉了……这对怀疑有（直肠）梗阻的患者就是犯罪。(https://www.daowen.com)
8.More surgeon's reputation is damaged by the bad result of a fistula than a laparotomy.
—— Lockhart Mummerys, 1875——?
【译文】被“瘘”所引发的不良结局毁掉英名的外科医生远多于剖腹手术。
9.Faecal incontinence after fistula is the result of aggressive surgeons, not progressive diseases.
—— John Alexander–Williams
【译文】“肛瘘”后的大便失禁是激进外科医生惹的祸，而不是疾病自然进展的结果。
10.Colonoscopic perforation: the mechanism of the perforation determines the size of the hole, which should be thus managed selectively by the smart surgeon–not the blind gastroenterologist.
—— Moshe Schein
【译文】结肠镜所致肠穿孔：穿孔机制决定着穿孔的大小，因此应该由机灵的外科医生而不是盲目的胃肠内科医生来做有针对性的处理。
11.In lower gastrointestinal bleeding, removing the wrong side of the colon is embarrassing.Removing any segment of the colon while the bleeding source is in the rectum is shameful.
—— Moshe Schein
【译文】在下消化道出血时，切除一侧无辜的结肠令人尴尬，尤其是任意切除了一段结肠之后最终发现出血却在直肠更令人羞愧。
12.Think about acute diverticulitis as a left-sided acute appendicitis which is ,however, usually treated without an operation.
—— Moshe Schein
【译文】可以将急性憩室炎视为左侧急性阑尾炎来考虑，但通常不用手术治疗。
【点评】难以鉴别的是发生在右下腹的急性憩室炎。
13.An abscess near the anus should not be left to burst by itself, but … be boldly opened with a very sharp lancette, so that pus and corrupt blood may go out.Or else … the gut which is called rectum … will burst … for then may it … be called fistula, and I have seen some who have seven or nine holes on one side of the buttocks … none of which except one pierce the rectum.
—— John of Arderne, 1306——1390
【译文】肛门附近的脓肿不应该让其自行溃破，而是……用一把锋利的柳叶刀大胆地挑开，让脓液和腐败的血水流出来。否则，直肠就会爆裂，然后形成瘘管，我曾经见过一侧臀部有7个甚至9个小洞的患者，尽管其他都没事但终究还是有一个穿破了直肠。