外科ICU

第四十九章 外科ICU

1.In acute diseases, coldness of the extremities is bad.

—— Hippocrates, 460——377 BC

【译文】急症患者四肢冰凉不是好事。

2.The major cause of shock is decreased circulatory volume.Replace body fluids by the best means at hand.

—— Alfred Blalock, 1899——1964

【译文】休克的主要原因是循环容量减少。用手头最好的方式去补充液体。

【点评】并非所有休克都有循环血容量减少,如心源性休克。当然,20世纪60年代对休克的病理、生理认识远没有今天深入。

3.Ventilate, perfuse, and piss is all that it is about.

—— Matt Oliver

【译文】通气、灌注和尿量涵盖了(重症患者的)全部。

4.Lack of urine output in the acutely hypovolemic patient is renal success, not renal failure.

—— Ronald V.Maier

【译文】急性低血容量患者尿量不足是肾功能的成功,而不是肾功能的失败。

【点评】是的,只有肾功能正常时才能通过代偿性地减少排尿以最大限度地保证血管内的有效循环容量,从而才发生了所谓肾前性少尿。

5.Anytime you are making love you have——per definition——SIRS

—— Arthur E.Baue, 1929——2011

【译文】就其定义而言,你每次做爱的时候都能诊断为SIRS(全身炎症反应综合征)。

【点评】SIRS的标准是:①体温>38.3℃,或者<36℃;②心率>90次/min;③呼吸>20次/min,或过度通气,二氧化碳分压<32mmHg;④WBC>12×109/L或<4.0×109/L。而且4个条件只要2个就能诊断SIRS。看来这定义的确过于宽泛。

6.Clear definitions allow a better understanding of sepsis and associated problems。

—— Adil Haider

【译文】明确的定义有助于更好地理解脓毒症及其相关问题。

【点评】清晰的定义有助于用同一个尺度比较一个抽象的概念或具象的事实。

7.Identifying sepsis is the key to initiating early and effective therapy.

—— Adil Haider

【译文】尽早识别脓毒症是及早启动有效治疗的关键。

8.Our ingenuity in developing terminology exceeds our abilities to take care of these patients once they have developed the syndrome of MOF.The solution to MOF or MODS or SIRS is prevention.

—— Arthur E.Baue, 1929——2011

【译文】一旦进展到多器官功能衰竭(MOF)综合征,我们在创造术语方面的才智超过了我们处理这些患者的能力。化解MOF、MODS或SIRS的最好办法是预防。

9.Hospital-acquired generalized interstitial edema (HAGIE) as an acceptable,even necessary, consequence of modern resuscitation and parenteral fluid therapy needs to be recognized for what it is: the unwelcome consequence of uncontrolled resuscitation.

—— William Lyons

【译文】医院获得性全身间质水肿(HAGIE),是现代复苏术和肠外液体治疗所引发的一种可接纳的,甚至是必然的后果,其本质是不受控制复苏所带来的不受欢迎的结果。

10.Chances of survival drops as the BUN exceeds the body weight.

—— Stephen J.Prevoznik

【译文】当BUN超过其体重时,患者的生存机会随之下降。

11.The more the ECG resembles the EEG, the sicker the heart.

—— Stephen J.Prevoznik

【译文】心电图越像脑电图,心脏问题越严重。(https://www.daowen.com)

12.It is much easier to add drugs than to subtract them.

—— Stephen J.Prevoznik

【译文】加药比减药要容易得多。

【点评】高明的医生少用药。

13.Surgeons are intensivists who operate or complete their training.

【译文】外科医生应该是会做手术,或者是完成了外科培训的危重病学专家。

【点评】现实中有多少外科医生能达到这个要求啊!

14.On fancy monitoring: we do not need a compass to find our way home.

【译文】关于神奇的监控:不需要指南针我们也能找到回家的路。

【点评】不可否认越来越丰富的各种精准灵敏的监测仪器为我们准确掌握病情提供了极大的方便。当然也不能过度依赖。

15.On resuscitation: if you can't keep the patients alive when they are alive you can't keep them alive when they are dead.

【译文】关于复苏:如果你不能趁患者活着的时候让他们活着,你更不可能将死去的他们救活。

【点评】复苏要趁早。

16.The dumbest kidney is smarter than the smartest doctor.

【译文】最蠢的肾脏聪明过最聪明的医生。

17.Concerning the oxygen dissociation curve: anything, which shifts the curve to the right, is right.

【译文】关于氧解离曲线:任何使曲线向右移动的东西都是对的。

18.A surgical airway is better than an arrested patient with a nice-looking neck.Halitosis is better than no breath at all.

【译文】气管切开的脖子好过外观漂亮但气道受阻的脖子。口臭总比完全没有呼吸好。

19.Hypoxia not only stops the motor, it wrecks the engine.

【译文】缺氧不仅会使机车停止运转,还会损坏发动机。

20.The phenomenon of the surgical ostrich treating his patients for pneumonia while they are slowly sinking into multiple organ failure from poorly controlled surgical infection, still provides us a constant source of SICU experience.

【译文】患者因外科感染控制不好正慢慢陷入多器官功能衰竭,而我们依然还在当成肺炎治疗,这种罔顾现实而不见的外科“鸵鸟”现象依然持续不断地为我们贡献“外科重症监护室”的教训。

21.In sick surgical patients, unlike the medical ones, optimization means volume and more volume; a lot of fluids.

【译文】外科患者不同于内科患者,最好的治疗就是容量和更多的容量,即大量的液体。

22.Surgical patients no longer die of their primary disease, rather they die of their response to that disease ...(thus) ...interventions against infection will not alter the course of the disease process whose pathophysiology reflects the response to infection.

—— John Marshall

【译文】外科患者不再死于其原发病,而是死于对这种疾病的反应……因此……针对感染的干预措施改变不了那些为应对感染而引发的病理生理反应的进程。

【点评】所以,在不失时机地控制原发病灶、加强抗感染的前提下,及时阻断继发于感染的病理生理过程,保护重要脏器功能和内环境稳定是重症外科患者救治的主要目标。

23.Principles of intensive care: air goes in and out; blood goes"round"and"round"; oxygen is good.

—— Robert Matz

【译文】重症监护的基本原则:气体自由进出;血液畅通地“运转”与“循环”,以及良好的氧合。

24.Intensive insulin therapy may be the easiest intervention to initiate in any ICU.

—— Adil Haider

【译文】加强胰岛素治疗可能是所有重症监护病房最容易启动的干预措施。

【点评】对伴有糖尿病基础疾病的患者,更要优先考虑。