战伤外科
1.（About the inventor of gunpowder）: I think that the deviser of this deadly Engine hath this for his recompense, that his name should be hidden by the darkness of perpetual ignorance, as not meriting for this, his most pernicious invention, any mention from posteriority.
—— Ambroise Paré, 1510——1590
【译文】（关于火药的发明者）：我认为，这台致命引擎的发明者应受到惩罚，将他的名字打入黑牢，永世不得翻身，因为它是最邪恶的发明，从此往后都不得再提及。
【点评】按此思路，核武器的发明者该如何处置呢？
2.He who wishes to be a surgeon should go to war.
—— Hippocrates, 460——377 BC
【译文】想做外科医生的人应该去战场。
【点评】不错，几次世界大战曾经极大地促进了外科学的发展，也培养了许多优秀的外科医生，但不等于和平年代就培养不了伟大的外科医生。
3.War surgery can be very grim in the hands of untrained surgeons.
—— Ira A.Ferguson, 1896——1970
【译文】对未经训练的外科医生而言，战伤外科是非常残酷的。
4.More limbs and lives are lost at the front from the improper use of the tourniquet than are saved by its proper use.
—— Douglas Jolly, 1904——1983
【译文】由于止血带使用不当，在前线战场损失的肢体和生命比正确使用止血带所挽救回来的要多。
5.It is highly desirable that anyone engaged in war surgery should keep his ideas fluid and so be ready to abandon methods which prove unsatisfactory in favor of others which, at first, may appear revolutionary and even not free from inherent danger.
—— H.H.Sampson, ?——1940
【译文】特别难能可贵的是，从事战伤外科的人都拥有活跃的思想，随时准备放弃那些已经证明为不满意的方法，改用那些一开始就具有革命性，甚至都还没有摆脱其固有风险的方法。
【点评】就像瘟疫大流行期间给予某些药物和疫苗“紧急使用”授权一样。
6.A chain is only as strong as its weakest link … the obvious weakest link in the severely wounded in this war (W.W.II) was the kidney.
—— Edward D.Churchill, 1895——1972
【译文】链条的强度取决于它最薄弱的一环……在二次世界大战的重伤员中，最薄弱的环节就是肾脏。
7.During each latter war I watched surgeons committing the same errors I learned to avoid during 1941.Such a waste in young lives.
—— Karl Schein, 1911——1974
【译文】在后来的每一次战争中，我都看到外科医生犯着我在1941年就学会了避免的同样错误。这是在白白浪费年轻人的生命啊！
8.How varied was our experience of the battle field and how fertile the blood of warriors in rearing good surgeons.(https://www.daowen.com)
—— Thomas Cliford Allbutt, 1836——1925
【译文】我们在战场上的经验有多丰富，培养优秀外科医生的战士们就付出了多少的流血牺牲。
【点评】外科医生的经验是患者的鲜血换来的，这一点在战伤外科表现得尤为突出。
9.Good surgery must be done as far forward as possible.If it is too good, in the sense of too elaborately equipped, it will not be far enough forward, and if it is too far forward it will not be good enough.
—— William Heneage Ogilvie, 1887——1971
【译文】好的手术必须尽早做。如果从精良的设备仪器这个意义上讲太好的手术就不够及时，而够及时的就有可能不够太好。
【点评】战伤救治讲的是分秒必争，在平衡精良的设备仪器与及时性时肯定是时间优先。
10.It is necessary to begin always with the most dangerously injured, without regard to rank or distinction.
—— Dominique Jean Larrey, 1766——1842
【译文】（救治）必须总是从受伤最严重的人开始，而不是考虑其先来后到或贵贱身份。
11.No matter how cruel an operation may be, it is an act of humanity in the hands of the surgeon when it may save the life of the injured; and the greater and more immediate the danger, the more the aid must be prompt and energetic...in this circumstance the man of the art does his duty and never thinks about his reputation.
—— Dominique Jean Larrey, 1766——1842
【译文】无论手术多么残酷，只要能挽救伤员的生命，对外科医生来说就是在践行人道主义；危险越大、越直接，救助就必须越及时、越积极……此时，外科医生只是尽自己的责任，从不考虑自己的名誉。
【点评】白求恩医生就是这样一位好医生。
12.As with most scientific advances made during wartime, the fundamental observations were made during times of peace and relative tranquility.Development of knowledge is hastened and dramatized during war, when sheer numbers of casualties often prompt significant surgical advance.
—— Ben Eiseman
【译文】正如大多数在战时取得的科学进展一样，基本的观察是在和平和相对平静时期进行的。战争期间，大量的伤亡往往会促使外科取得重大进展，从而加速了，并戏剧化了相关知识的发展。
【点评】至少在过去的两次世界大战中是这样。
13.Boer War: in this war a man wounded in the abdomen dies if he is operated on and remains alive if he is left in peace.
—— William MacCormac, 1836——1901
【译文】布尔战争：在这场战争中，一个腹部受伤的人如果接受手术就会死亡，如果让他安静地躺在那儿却能活下来。
【考注】“布尔战争（Boer War）”一般指英国和布尔人（最初的荷兰殖民者的后代）之间在南非进行的，为争夺钻石和金矿而发生的第二次布尔战争（1899——1902），最后以布尔人妥协而结束战争。那个年代的外科技术对一个腹部战伤患者来说恐怕是不手术比手术的存活率更高。
14.The surgeon is not yet born who does not think that he is the one who can close in war a gunshot wound primarily.
—— Philip Mitchiner, 1888——1952
【译文】（那个年代）不认为自己在战争中的唯一的作用就是堵住枪伤伤口的外科医生还没出生。