创新与点子
1.We, the surgeons, are the most gimmick-conscious group of suckers of any other professionals in the world.
—— Eric Frykberg
【译文】我们，外科医生，是世界上所有专业人士中鬼点子最多的一群迷痴。
【点评】正是这些鬼点子成就了外科的许多伟大创新。
2.I found myself again showing signs of suffering from Lord Taylor's"salmon syndrome": swimming against the stream.
—— Geoffrey Keynes, 1887——1982
【译文】我发现自己又出现了泰勒勋爵所说的“三文鱼综合征”的症状：逆流而上。
【点评】只有坚持知难而上才能将创新进行到底。
3.Exploratory operation: a remunerative reconnaissance.
【译文】探索性行动：一种有回报的勘测。
4.Surgeons are enthusiasts or they would not be surgeons.They tend to overvalue each new procedure propounded to them, and to extend its field of application beyond that intended by its author, often to use it in cases in which it is unsuitable.The man who sounds a note of caution is branded as a Jeremiah, a spoilsport, a back number; yet in the end his views are usually shown to have been right.
—— William Heneage Ogilvie, 1887——1971
【译文】外科医生都是狂热分子，否则就成为不了外科医生。他们往往高估每一项新技术，将其适用范围扩大到原创者本意之外，经常用在一些不适当的病例。提醒他们要小心的人就会被贴上“耶利米”的标签，一个令人扫兴、落伍的人。但最终，他的观点通常被证明是正确的。
【考注】耶利米（Jeremiah）是《圣经》中犹大国灭国前，最黑暗时期的一位先知。他被称作“流泪的先知”，因为他明知犹大国远离上帝后，所注定的悲哀命运但不能改变他们顽梗的心。
5.We have at times too long from custom persisted in procedures no longer justified.We have sometimes not examined closely enough new procedures that have ultimately proved useful.
—— Mark M.Ravitch, 1910——1989
【译文】有时候我们因习惯使然，长期固守在已不再合理的流程中。有时又没有足够认真地去审查那些最终被证明是有用的新流程。
【点评】熟视无睹的惰性是创新的天敌。
6.Every idea is an incitement ...eloquence may set fire to reason.
—— Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1809——1894
【译文】每个点子都是一种煽动……雄辩可点燃理智。
7.Medicine consists of science, wisdom, and technology.We teach the science; we ignore the study of human behavior from which wisdom could derive;and we profess to despise technology though we see it all around us.
—— Robert Platt, 1900——1978
【译文】医学包括科学、智慧和技术。我们传授科学，却忽视对人类行为的研究，而后者才是智慧的源泉；尽管技术无处不在，但我们公开鄙视技术。(https://www.daowen.com)
【点评】上述情形在当下我国科学界尤为严重，特别是临床医学领域。
8.A great hypothesis is not the usual path for the advancement of medical knowledge.As a rule, first comes a new or improved method whose application to a variety of problems sometimes leads unexpectedly to greater understanding.
—— Frank Kittredge Paddock, 1841——1901
【译文】伟大的假说并不是医学进步的必由之路。通常，先有一种新的或改进的方法，将其应用于各种问题时，有时会出乎意料地引发了更伟大的理解。
【点评】不少医学进步的初始灵感都来自日常的临床工作，而不是坐在实验室、办公室推理、演算出来的，正因为如此，医学科学家应多深入临床一线。
9.New ideas seldom have the simplicity of a switched on light bulb.
—— Thomas Starzl
【译文】新思想很少像开灯那般简单。
10.The progress which medicine has made has been due, one sometimes sadly thinks, to the simple fact that ideas are harder to kill than men.The martyr is destroyed, but his faith lives on ...unrecorded on any page … must always be those ideas that did not survive, life-giving discoveries once almost brought to light and then forced back into darkness to await rediscovery.This is the worst waste our profession encourages.
—— Max Thorek, 1880——1960
【译文】盘点那些已过期的医学进步，有时会令人痛心地思考，就是这样一个简单的事实，即思想比人更难消灭。殉道者被摧毁了，但他的信念长存……虽然没有记录在任何一页纸上……而且总是那些未能幸存下来的想法、赋有生命力的发现曾经几乎要真相大白却又被打回黑暗之中的，等待被重新发现。这是我们这个职业所鼓励的最严重的浪费。
【点评】新事物的问世从来都不是一帆风顺的，但它又总是那么顽强，虽历经千难万阻，最终还将脱颖而出。据史料记载，如今正在广泛应用的“WIFI通信技术”就是 “从发明到接近改变世界，又被打入冷宫到再次被认识”这样一个科学进步过程的缩影。
11.We must also keep in mind that discoveries are usually not made by one man alone, but that many brains and many hands are needed before discovery is made for which one man receives the credit.
—— Henry E.Sigerst, 1891——1957
【译文】我们还必须记住，新发现通常不是某个人独自完成的，而是既往许多人的智慧和双手最后才成就了一个人的荣誉。
【点评】此类情形在科学界不胜枚举。
12.If a name is attached to an operation or disease, someone else described it earlier, or the originator misunderstood it, or had been misquoted, or all three.
—— Mark M.Ravitch, 1910——1989
【译文】如果用某个人名来冠名某一手术或疾病（则有以下几种可能）：早就有其他人描述过，或初始命名者的误解，或被错误引用，或三者兼而有之。
【点评】这种冠名的谬误历史上更是不胜枚举，谬误源起于有意或无意，之后就以讹传讹了。
13.In these days when science is clearly in the saddle and when our knowledge of disease is consequently advancing at a breathless pace, we are apt to forget that not all can ride and that he also serves who waits and who applies what the horseman discovers.
—— Harvey Williams Cushing, 1869——1939
【译文】如今，科学如正坐马鞍（担纲大任），我们对疾病的认识飞速进步，令人屏息。我们很容易忘记，并非所有人都能骑马，也应服务于那些等待和应用科学新发现的人。
【点评】作者在此想要强调的应该是：在重视科学进步的同时应该重视将这种进步及时转化为解决实际问题的技术，并有效推广和普及这些技术。