写作与发表
1.Various advantages result even from the publication of opinions; for though we are liable to errors in forming them, yet their promulgation, by exciting investigations and pointing out the deficiencies of our information, cannot be otherwise than useful in the promotion of our science.
—— John Abernethy, 1764——1831
【译文】写文章发表意见有很多好处，虽然我们在形成观点时可能有错，但通过令人兴奋的研究、指出我们数据的不足，这种传播对促进科学发展是非常有用的。
2.Take two squirrels, knock their heads together, and if one of them gets a headache, write a paper.
—— Robert M.Zollinger, 1903——1992
【译文】逮住两只松鼠，同时敲击它们的头，如果其中一只头痛，赶紧写一篇文章。
3.It is a most gratifying sign of the rapid progress of our time that our best textbooks become antiquated so quickly.
—— Theodor Billroth, 1829——1894
【译文】这个时代快速进步的一个最令人欣慰的标志是，我们最好的教科书很快就过时了。
【点评】所以才需要在期刊和会议这种信息快速更新平台上进行最新资讯的交流。
4.Become familiar not only with teaching but also with writing.
—— Theodor Bilroth, 1829——1894
【译文】（外科医生）不仅要熟悉教学，还要能熟练写作。
5.The first report of any new operation is rarely unfavorable.
—— Mark M.Ravitch, 1910——1989
【译文】任何新手术的首次报道很少有不受待见的。
6.Always note and record the unusual.Keep and compare your observations.Communicate or publish short notes on anything that is striking or new.
—— William Osler, 1849——1919
【译文】始终注意并记录不寻常的情况，保留下来并对比观察结果。就任何引人注目或新的内容进行交流或以短文形式发表出来。
【点评】善于观察、注意积累、勤于整理成文并发表出去是一个优秀外科医生不能缺少的重要素养。此外，真正有价值的东西也不需要长篇大论。
7.Publish your results ...results cannot always be interpreted accurately, but they can always be reported accurately.Someone else may define relevance, or the context, or the meaning of something that you have done better than you.
—— Donald E.Fry
【译文】发表你的结果……虽然结果不一定总是能被准确解释，但一定能被准确报道。或许其他什么人能明确其关联性、搞清楚其来龙去脉，或者比你能更好地理解你所做工作的意义。
【点评】多数情况下，我们习惯报道那些符合我们预期、能圆满解释的研究结果。其实在科学研究的过程中，忠实、客观地报道某些研究者暂时无法自圆其说的研究结果更具有特别的意义。
8.One of the characteristics that often sets apart a junior member of the staff from his colleagues in a striking fashion is his actual ability to finish and report a piece of work ...it is common to find eager young men who have good ideas, who are industrious, who will look things up in books, but it is the exceptional man who seems to have that last little push that allows him to get it down on a piece of paper in order to get it into press.
—— Elliot Carr Cutler, 1888——1947
【译文】通常，初级职员能和同事们区分开来最引人注目的一个特征在于：他们完成和汇报一项工作的实际能力……热血青年们所共有的优点是有好想法、勤奋、善于查资料，但最与众不同的，是那个用了最后一点点推力的人——为了能发表出来，将其写在了纸上。
【点评】这最后一点点推力，临门一脚很重要！
9.A busy and active surgeon cannot set aside days and months for writing as the professional writer can.He always has to make literature secondary to action.And the printed pages which bear his name are for the most part the fruit of hours stolen from sleep.
—— Max Thorek, 1880——1960
【译文】一个忙碌而积极的外科医生不可能像专业作家那样，专门留出几天，几个月的时间来写作，他总是不得不把写东西放在第二位，那些印着他名字的书页，大多是他从睡梦中盗取时间的成果。
【点评】正如鲁迅先生所说“我只是把别人喝咖啡的时间都用在了工作上”。
10.The only one benefited by the writing of books is the one who writes them ...but the financial compensation in medical writing is a negligible quantity.
—— Arthur E.Herzler, 1870——1944
【译文】写书唯一的受益者是写书的人……但是医学写作中的经济补偿是微不足道的。
【点评】冲着稿酬去写医学文章的家伙一定是打错了主意。
11.We wish to offer to the young or old surgeon the chance to put words on paper, write and re-write, and re-write again.Surgical literature needs all worthwhile contributions, reports and ideas.
—— Arthur E.Baue
【译文】我们希望为年轻或年长的外科医生提供一个写文章的机会，写了再写，反复写。外科文献库需要一切有价值的贡献、各种报道和观点分享。
12.It is amazing to note that the same hand that is direct and neat with a scalpel becomes paralytic or dyskinetic with a pen.
—— Seymour I.Schwartz
【译文】令人惊奇的是同样一只手，拿手术刀时得心应手、灵巧干练，而拿笔（写作）时就变得不听使唤或运动障碍。
【点评】太多这类外科医生。
13.Writing a manuscript is like a surgical operation: when you undertake it you have to finish.
—— Alexander A.Artemiev
【译文】写稿就像做外科手术：一旦动手写了，就必须完成。
【点评】译者体会写文章与做手术还真有区别，做手术没办法中途停下来，但写稿一犯懒就扔在那儿了。所以写稿比做手术需要更大的毅力。
14.Start with case reports.Hemingway started with short stories; only God started with the Bible.
—— Moshe Schein
【译文】（外科医生的写作）从写病例报道开始，海明威从写短篇小说开始，只有上帝从圣经开始。
【点评】积跬步而至千里。
15.[On writing]: I don't dawdle.I'm a surgeon.I make an incision, do what needs to be done and sew up the wound.There is a beginning, a middle and an end.
—— Richard Selzer
【译文】[关于写作] ：我不偷懒，我是外科医生,做一个切口，做需要做的，然后缝合伤口。（写作像做手术一样）有开头、中间过程和结尾。(https://www.daowen.com)
16.I think my cue in writing is to stick to the facts until I reach the point where my speculations will.
—— George Crile, Jr, 1907——1992
【译文】在我开始对结果进行解释前，我认为写文章的唯一线索就是坚守事实。
17.The New England Journal of Medicine takes obvious observations and gives them statistical significance.
—— Richard Simmons
【译文】《新英格兰医学杂志》刊载有明显观察结果，并有统计学意义（的文章）。
18.A man who writes a book or a man who gives a public lecture is committing his reputation to cold print, or to the ears of critical strangers.He must,above all, be accurate.He cannot give expression to those half-formed ideas that are uppermost in his waking moments, to those dreams that he hopes will one day become realities and shake the world.
—— William Heneage Ogilvie, 1887——1971
【译文】写书的人、公开演讲的人，是把自己的名声托付给了冰冷的印刷品，或那些爱挑剔的陌生人的耳朵。最重要的是，必须准确。他不能表达那些在他清醒时自认为很重要，但尚未成形的一些想法，不能说出那些他希望有一天会成为现实并震撼世界的梦想。
【点评】将未成形的梦想抖出来，只会给人一种吹牛的感觉。此外，也有提前泄露天机的顾虑。
19.To write an article of any sort is, to some extent, to reveal ourselves.Hence, even a medical article is, in a sense, something of an autobiography.
—— J.Chalmers Da Costa, 1863——1933
【译文】写任何一种文章，从某种程度来讲都是在揭示我们自己。因此，即使是一篇医学文章，在某种意义上讲，也是自传。
【点评】没错，文如其人。
20.The meaning of this paper is hidden by the way it was written.
—— Mary Evans
【译文】这篇论文所要表达的含义被其（不合适的）写作方式给埋没了。
【点评】可惜了！充分证明“能写”是一名优秀外科医生必不可少的技能。
21.If you are going to peddle bovine shit, at least you should package it well.
—— Robert M.Zollinger, 1903——1992
【译文】如果你要兜售牛屎，至少你应该包装好。
【点评】话糙理直。
22.I would never use a long word where a short one would answer the purpose.I know there are professors in this country who "ligate" arteries.Other surgeons tie them, and it stops the bleeding just as well.
—— Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
【译文】能用短词说清楚的地方绝不用长词。我知道这个国家有教授在表达结扎动脉时用“ligate”，另一些外科医生则用“tie”来表达，其实都能很好止血。
23.[The advantages of precise bibliographic citations]: Several of the well known physicians and surgeons to whom I have given my book for proof reading and to edit especially for its prolixity have criticized me for my insistence on stating precisely the sources of my citations of other authors, by giving chapter and verse'.The answer gives my two reasons: ①To make it easier for scholars to track down the sources.②As a result their comprehension of my text is better and clearer.
—— Henri de Mondeville, 1260——1320
【译文】[准确引用书目的优点]：我把我的书给了几位著名的内外科医生审读，特别针对受到批评的冗长问题，以及按章节准确标注所引用资料来源等问题。这样做的理由是：①方便学者追查到资料来源；②有助于他们更好、更清楚地理解书的内容。
24.No iron can stab the heart with such force as a period put just at the right place.
—— Isaac Babel, 1894——1941
【译文】应用得当的句号，其穿透人心之力，是任何一根铁杵所不及的。
【考注】后面还有两句：“a comma can let us hear a voice break, or a heart.Punctuation, in fact, is a labor of love.Which brings us back, in a way, to gods.”（逗号能让我们听到声音或心跳的休止。事实上，标点符号是一项奉献爱心的工作。它以某种方式把我们带回到了神的世界）。
25.The writer of textbooks should have a ready imagination and he should understand the child’s mind.
—— Charles H.Mayo, 1865——1939
【译文】教科书作者应该有丰富的想象力，应该了解孩子的心。
【点评】个人非常赞同，别让那教科书永远保持百年不变的风格，医生本来就够累的了。
26.Textbooks must be orthodox; monographs should be heterodox.We should only beware of an orthodoxy that is accepted without thought and without question,for that indicates an extinct faith.
—— William Heneage Ogilvie, 1887——1971
【译文】教科书必须正统，专著则应该百家争鸣。需要警惕的是不假思索、不存质疑地接受所谓的正统——这代表的是一种已绝迹的信仰。
27.The papers, which merit attention because they bear the name of a single famous individual, are becoming fewer every year.Instead, every other article in the medical press has as many authors as an all star film has credit titles, and their names are of less significance than the legend "from this Clinic" or "from this Institute".
—— Harvey Graham, ?——1939
【译文】过去，某些论文因某位名人的名字而备受关注，如今这种现象正逐年减少。相反，在医学杂志上，每发表一篇文章，就像一部全明星电影一样，有如此之多的作者冠名助阵，他们的名字也没有传说中的“来自这个诊所”或“来自那个研究所”那般重要。
【点评】这种现象好像越演越烈了。
28.Everything has been written but not everything has been read.
—— Bernard Cristalli
【译文】什么东西都被写下来，但不是所有写下来的东西都有人读。
29.The medical journals of this country are flooded, as we all know, with immature and sometimes apparently useless publications, and one is sometimes torn between one's desire to keep it down and to let a pupil have the great value to his personality of publishing something.
—— Elliot Carr Cutler, 1888——1947
【译文】众所周知，这个国家的医学期刊充斥着不成熟的，有时显然是毫无用处的论文。面对这种局面，人们有时会左右为难，是撤稿，还是应该让学生因为发表了某些东西而感受到个人的巨大价值呢？
【点评】在现实的中国，发表某些东西不仅给他带来精神层面的巨大价值，而且能解决技术职称晋升、还能为其带来各种荣誉和金钱。
30.For some strange reason the general opinion among doctors is that if one writes a book he must have superior knowledge of the subject.Since no one troubles to read the book the delusion is not discovered.
—— Arthur E.Hertzler, 1870——1946
【译文】出于某种奇怪的原因，医生们普遍认为，如果某人写了一本书，他一定对该学科有很高的造诣。由于没人用心读过这本书，所以无人知道这是一种错觉。
【点评】不能一概而论。有些专著的作者的确是该领域屈指可数的权威，但那些靠“一把剪刀、一瓶糨糊”，东拼西凑凑合成一本书的作者究竟对书中所涉及的内容了解多少就很难说了。