阑 尾 炎
1.The appendix is generally attached to the cecum.
—— Mark M.Ravitch, 1910——1989
【译文】阑尾通常附着于盲肠。
【点评】基本的解剖常识,但总有人在手术台上犯迷糊。
2.The point of greatest tenderness is,in the average adult, almost exactly 2 inches from the anterior iliac spine, on a line drawn from this process through the umbilicus.
—— Charles McBurney, 1845——1913
【译文】通常,在成人中,阑尾炎最明显的压痛点是在髂前上棘与脐之间的连线上,离开髂前上棘两英寸(约0.05m)处。
【点评】这就是“麦氏点”原创人——纽约外科医生Charles McBurney 19世纪80年代的“正版”描述。
3.If she had appendicitis-she needed the operation, If she had PID - she deserved it。
【译文】如果是阑尾炎——她需要手术,如果是盆腔炎,那她只有认栽了。
【点评】面对育龄期妇女的“阑尾炎”,请慎重决策手术!
4.We all know that whatever is the clinical presentation, whichever are the abdominal findings, always consider acute appendicitis at the back of your mind.However, there two things in life that I will never understand: women and acute appendicitis.
—— Moshe Schein
【译文】我们都知道,无论什么临床表现,不管什么腹部体征我们都要考虑急性阑尾炎。然而,人生中有两件事我永远没闹明白:女人和急性阑尾炎。
5.Beware drive through appendectomies.
—— Steven D.Nishida
【译文】“阑尾切除术区”,请谨慎驾驶!
【点评】不知多少“老司机”栽在阑尾切除这条小小的“阴沟”里!

6.Purgation means perforation; in an appendix kinked and bad; food and drink worry him; and aperients drive him mad.
—— John Blair Deaver, 1855——1931
【译文】对于扭曲和发炎的阑尾,进食和饮水令人担忧,灌肠意味着穿孔,缓泻也会让它发疯。
7.Mesenteric adenitis is code for: I thought it was appendix was normal.
—— David Dent
【译文】肠系膜淋巴结炎的潜台词是:我曾考虑过的阑尾,其实没问题。
8.If a patient has right lower quadrant pain and no appendectomy scar, put one there.
—— Rip Pfeiffer
【译文】面对右下腹疼痛而又没有阑尾手术疤痕的患者,那你就可在那儿给他一刀。
【点评】太武断!
9.Humans can survive easily without an appendix, but surgeons can do so only with difficulty.
—— Rudolph Virchow, 1821——1902
【译文】没有阑尾,人类照样生存得很好,只是外科医生有点犯愁了。
【点评】是忙不过来还是没阑尾可切了呢?
10.There are two kinds of appendicitis: acute appendicitis and appendicitis for revenue only.
—— Richard Clarke Cabot, 1868——1939
【译文】阑尾炎有两种:急性阑尾炎和“增加收入的阑尾炎”。
11.The patient suffered from acute remunerative appendicitis.
—— Delbert H.Nickson, 1890——1951
【译文】这个患者患有急性有偿性阑尾炎。
12.It is not true that the appendix is worthless——it has thousands in expensive cars.
【译文】谁说阑尾是无用之物——它值好几千辆豪车呢。
【点评】暗讽那些不认真掌握手术指征,为了牟利滥切阑尾而中饱私囊的外科医生。
13.The only causes of chronic appendicitis are: actinomycosis, Tuberculosis remunerative.
—— Ivor Lewis, 1895——1982(https://www.daowen.com)
【译文】慢性阑尾炎的几个常见原因分别是:放线菌病、结核和医疗牟利。
【点评】完全否定非特异性感染所致慢性阑尾炎的存在,或即使存在也没有手术必要,这点值得商榷。
14.In dealing with the stump of the appendix it is important to avoid two things: first, the simple ligation and amputation, leaving the mucosa membrane exposed, whether sterilized or not; second, a method that has been frequently practised, namely, that of … burying the little stump by means of sero-serous sutures.
—— Haward Atwood Kelly, 1858——1943
【译文】在处理阑尾残端时,重要的是要避免两件事:第一,简单结扎后就切断,黏膜暴露在外,无论是否消毒;第二,一种经常使用的方法,即……通过浆膜对浆膜缝合将小残端包埋起来。
【点评】看来包埋残端唯一正宗的方法就是荷包缝合,具有讽刺意味的是如今腹腔镜下阑尾切除都把这些经典抛在脑后了,而且患者也一样能顺利康复出院。
15.The experienced surgeon knows the pitfalls and dangers, which surround even the simplest operation.Perhaps he has himself lived through the sad experience of having a ligature slip when tying the appendiceal stump too short.He knows the dreadful penalty, which must follow … if he ligates the appendiceal artery improperly.
—— Max Thorek, 1880——1960
【译文】经验丰富的外科医生知道即使是最简单的手术也有陷阱和危险。也许他自己就有过这样悲惨的经历:当阑尾残端留得太短时,容易导致结扎线滑脱,如果阑尾动脉结扎不合适,随后必定会有可怕的惩罚。
【点评】一百多年过去了,虽然各种外科技术有了天翻地覆的进步,但这种并发症还时有发生。
16.The surgeon who can describe the extent of an appendiceal peritonitis has convicted himself of performing an improper operation.
—— Mark M.Ravitch, 1910——1989
【译文】能描述阑尾所导致腹膜炎严重程度的外科医生实际上是已经承认自己的手术操作不当。
【点评】腹腔镜阑尾切除术之前的年代,大多数外科医生认为合并有腹膜炎的阑尾炎患者手术时为了避免炎症的进一步扩散,既不要随意扩大手术探查范围也不主张用任何液体做腹腔的广泛冲洗。本句是说既然手术医生能描述出腹膜炎波及的范围和严重程度那肯定是探查过头了。在腹腔镜阑尾切除术已成为急性阑尾患者常规手术的今天,显然这一原则已经过时,因为腹腔镜下不仅可准确了解腹膜炎的严重程度,而且充气过程中就已经将局限性腹膜炎扩散到了腹腔的任意角落。
17.The more educated is the layperson, the more experienced the surgeon,the prompter the intervention, the lower the toll of human life claimed by this treacherous enemy.
—— Max Thorek, 1880——1960
【译文】受教育程度越高的患者,外科医生经验越丰富,干预越及时,(阑尾炎)这个奸诈的敌人夺去的生命就越少。
【点评】那个年代因急性阑尾炎命丧黄泉的并不罕见。
18.So I might have the immense privilege of relieving the pain, anguish, and threat to a wonderful small boy by making an incision in the right lower quadrant of his abdomen and taking out a pus-filled appendix skillfully and safely, my first operation ...I felt that this was both a miracle and a privilege.I still do.
—— Francis D.Moore, 1913——2001
【译文】看,我有这样一个巨大的特权,在一个可爱的小男孩的右下腹开一个切口,熟练、安全地掏出一个充满脓液的阑尾,这样就缓解了他的疼痛、痛苦和威胁,这是我的第一次手术……我觉得这是一个奇迹,也是一种特权。现在我还这样认为。
【点评】美国现代外科巨匠第一次做阑尾切除手术后的真实感受。
【古训新考】在编译以下这组“箴言”时颇有些犹豫,担心百年前的论调是否严重过时,遂找来几篇急性阑尾炎的最新文献作为参考。不料虽历时百年,其中一些焦点问题仍存争议,不得不说这本身就是一个很有趣的现象,更觉得有必要原汁原味地呈现在这儿,在品尝百年前陈味的同时检视我们今天的进步。点评中的“指南推荐”均出自2015年7月在世界急诊外科学会(WSES)第3次世界大会期间发布的Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Appendicitis(WSES 2015.7),据称这是全球范围内首个急性阑尾炎诊治指南。
19.The proportion of perforated appendicitis is not a good measure of quality.The proportion of perforations may increase because you operate on fewer patients with non-perforated appendicitis.A high proportion of perforations may in fact be a good thing because it means you operate only on those patients who need surgical treatment.
—— Roland Andersson
【译文】不应该将阑尾炎穿孔率低视为医疗质量高的一个指标,显然,非穿孔阑尾炎手术做得少,穿孔的比例就必然高。阑尾穿孔率高可能是一件好事,只有这样才能确保只对那些需要手术的阑尾炎施行手术。
【今日观点】难道一定要等到阑尾穿孔或即将穿孔时才有阑尾切除的手术指征吗?——关于单纯性急性阑尾炎的手术指征和时机似乎到今天依然争议颇多。“指南推荐”:①单纯性急性阑尾炎经历短时间的院内手术延迟(12~24h)是安全的,不增加并发症和(或)穿孔率;②单纯性急性阑尾炎手术治疗尽可能减少延迟,以减轻疼痛,实现更快的恢复将减少患者医疗开支。
20.I hope I may never again go everyday to visit a threatening case [of acute appendicitis] waiting bashfully of a clearly defined peritonitis before I dare take action.
—— Charles McBueney, 1854——1913
【译文】我希望我再也不必天天去诊查一个有潜在危险的急性阑尾炎病例。在我决定手术之前,还要惴惴不安地在那等待腹膜炎的确认。
【点评】显然,McBueney不希望等到阑尾炎严重到出现危及生命的腹膜炎时才决定做阑尾切除术的。
21.The mention of "expectant treatment" for appendicitis is to me like waving the banderillo's red scarf at el toro.
—— Jhon B.Murphy, 1857——1916
【译文】提到阑尾炎的“期待疗法”对我来说就像在埃尔托罗挥动斗牛士的红斗篷一样。
【点评】这位前辈也是反对阑尾炎的期待治疗的。从现在的观念来看,可以对单纯性阑尾炎进行有限度的保守治疗。但为了减轻患者疼痛和加快患者康复起见还是主张尽早手术。
22.(About interval appendectomy): To prevent its recurrence [of acute appendicitis] … we had removed Jane's appendix, a prophylactic procedure that was popular in those days.Today I would never recommend it.Now we have antibiotics.
—— George Crile, Jr, 1907——1992
【译文】关于发作间歇期的阑尾切除术:为防止急性阑尾炎的复发,我们切除了简的阑尾,这是当时流行的预防性手术。今天我绝不推荐这样做,因为现在我们有抗生素。
【今日观点】是否应该做间歇期阑尾切除术似乎与抗生素无关。“指南推荐”:①不推荐成人与儿童在保守治疗后再常规行择期阑尾切除术;②对于保守治疗后症状持续或复发者推荐行择期阑尾切除术,无症状的患者应避免行阑尾切除 。
23.(In acute appendicitis): If delay seems warranted, the resulting abscess,as a rule intra-abdominal, should be incised as soon as it becomes evident.This is usually on the third day after the appearance of the first characteristic symptoms of the disease.
—— Benjamin Heber Fitz, 1843——1913
【译文】在急性阑尾炎中:如果因为某种原因延迟了手术,由此产生的脓肿,依照腹腔感染原则,一旦证据明确,就应立即切开引流,这通常发生在疾病首发症状出现后的第三天。
【今日观点】“指南推荐”:阑尾蜂窝织炎或脓肿采取非手术治疗是合理的一线治疗;如果经验丰富,阑尾蜂窝织炎或脓肿采取手术治疗是非手术治疗的一个安全的替代方案。