保守治疗
1.If your only tool is a hammer the whole world looks like a nail.
【译文】如果你唯一的工具是一把锤子，那么你看这世界上什么都像一颗钉子。
【点评】外科医生手中有一柄刀，在他眼中人体所有的器官都应该切除。
2.A possible apprehension now is that the surgeon be sometimes tempted to supplant instead of aiding nature.
—— Henry Maudsley, 1835——1918
【译文】现在有一种可能的担忧是外科医生时常想要去做替代而不是去帮助其自然恢复。
【点评】问题是人体并不像一部机器，目前可以成功替代的器官还少得可怜，更多的时候只能一切了之。
3.There are no unnecessary body parts, an organ sparing approach should be the new normal for any surgery.
—— Nuri M.Kalkay
【译文】身体没有任何一部分是多余的，保留器官应该是任何手术的新常态。
4.The surgical cycle in women: appendix removed, right kidney hooked up，gallbladder taken out, gastroenterostomy，clean sweep of uterus and adnexa.
—— William Osler, 1849——1919
【译文】女人的手术宿命：阑尾切除、胆囊连带上右肾一起切除、胃空肠吻合，最后切除子宫和附件。
5.Martin would without fear have submitted ...for any operation of the head or neck, providing he was himself quite sure that the operation was necessary, but he was never able to rise to the clinic's faith that any portion of the body without which people could conceivably get along should certainly be removed at once.
—— Sinclair Lewis, 1885——1951
【译文】如果马丁自己十分肯定必须动手术的话，他会毫不畏惧……即使头颈部的任何手术。但他绝不能让他的诊所树立这样一个理念，即人的身体少了任何一部分还能够活下去，那么那一部分就该立即被切除掉。
6.The doctor is a person who still has his adenoid, tonsils, and appendix.
—— Lawrence I.Peter
【译文】医生就是那个依然有腺样体、扁桃体和阑尾的人。
【点评】劝别人做手术时言之凿凿，毫不犹豫，轮到自身时经常是躲躲闪闪，能拖就拖。虽然没有权威的统计资料，但印象中要说服医生做慢性胆囊炎或慢性阑尾炎手术并非易事。
7.We are rapidly becoming a nation of scars.
—— Lucy Waite
【译文】我们正迅速成为一个伤痕累累的国家。
【点评】在外科手术被药物彻底替代前，这种状况还将持续存在。
8.The lowest mortality and fewest complications result from the removal of normal tissue.
—— Mark M.Ravitch, 1910——1989
【译文】切除正常组织的死亡率最低，并发症最少。
9.Never operate on a patient who is getting rapidly better or worse.
—— Francis D.Moore, 1913——2001
【译文】千万不要为病情正在迅速好转或加剧的患者手术。
【点评】病情正在迅速好转的患者没必要手术，但迅速恶化的病情则要分别对待，关键要考虑风险/收益比。
10.If cure is as certain and as safe and as swift without operation, operation should not be performed.
【译文】如果不手术也能获得同样确定、安全和迅速的治愈就不应该手术。
11.Too often, surgical therapy for elective conditions is postponed in elderly patients, in the hope, I presume, that the patient will die of some other diseases before the present one threatens his life.
—— Waren H.Cole, 1898——1991
【译文】很多时候老年患者的择期手术会被推迟，我想，可能是医生考虑到患者在目前的疾病威胁到他的生命之前已死于另外一些疾病。
12.It takes five years to learn when to operate and twenty years to learn when not to.
【译文】知道什么时候该手术只需学5年，知道什么时候不该手术则需要学20年。
13.It is greatly more to the surgeon's credit to avoid, than to perform an operation – to arrest the progress of pathology instead of operating to remove it.(https://www.daowen.com)
—— Max Thorek, 1880——1960
【译文】避免了做手术的外科医生比做手术的更值得赞许——应该想办法阻止病情的进展，而不是一切了之。
14.The mere withholding of an operation is not a virtue in itself.
—— Mark M.Ravitch, 1910——1989
【译文】仅仅只是终止一台手术本身并不是一种美德。
【点评】无论何种治疗方式，真正的美德是让患者获益。
15.Doing something is sometimes worse than doing nothing。
—— Gail Waldby
【译文】有时候，作为比不作为更糟糕。
16.The most difficult thing is to do nothing.
—— Norman M.Rich
【译文】最困难的事往往是什么都不做。
17.When the physician is at a loss, it is wiser to do nothing than to recommend what may be injurious.
—— David Craige
【译文】当医生不知所措时，明智的做法是什么也不做，而不是建议他们做那些可能造成伤害的事。
18.The fact that you do not know what to do does not mean that you have to do something.
—— Moshe Schein
【译文】当你不知道该做什么，并不意味着你必须做点什么。
19.Time and Mother Nature are the surgeon's two greatest allies, and many a seemingly impossible situation can be converted to one that is merely a challenge by careful patience.
—— John Marshall
【译文】时间和大自然母亲是外科医生最强大的两个盟友, 许多看似不可能的情况也能出现转机，挑战的只不过是人们的耐心。
【点评】外科临床工作中，果断决策、立即行动挽救了不少患者的生命；但等一等也常常会迎来意想不到的生机。
20.Do not mess around with mother nature.
—— Jonathan Meakins
【译文】不要搅乱大自然母亲的阵脚。
21.Young surgeons have to learn to relax; to understand that time is the ultimate healer; to let nature deal with the disease.So sit down and relax; do not stand there with your knife always ready to do unnecessary things.
—— Moshe Schein
【译文】年轻外科医生必须学会放松， 懂得时间才是最终的治愈者， 学会依靠人体的自然之力应对疾病。因此，坐下来，放松点，不要拿着刀站在那里总想做些不必要的事。
【点评】这些年来，重症胰腺炎手术干预时机的变化正是这种理念的体现。
22.Anything not worth doing is not worth doing well.
【译文】不值得做的事还值得好好去做吗？
23.Don't fix nothing if it ain't broke.
【译文】没毛病的东西就不用修理了。
24.What some patients need is a little benevolent neglect.
【译文】有些患者需要的是一点善意的忽视。
25.The doctor employing expectant treatment has only the satisfaction of knowing that he is doing nothing injurious … a merit … that is today sometimes overlooked.
—— Arrhur E.Hertzler, 1870——1946
【译文】采取保守治疗的医生唯一的满足感就是没做任何给病人带来伤害的事……这是一种功德……然而今天常常被忽略。