外科教学
1.The best any of us can do as successful teachers of medical students is to instill principles, arouse interest, put the student on the right track, give him methods, show him how to study, and early to discern between essentials and unessential.
—— Harvey Williams Cushing, 1869——1939
【译文】 一名成功的医学院老师，能给学生带来最好的事就是传授原则，激发其兴趣，引导他们走上正轨；教授方法，指引如何学习，如何早早判别必须与非必须。
【点评】授人以鱼不如授人以渔。
2.90% of what I'll be telling you is true; it's your job to figure out what in what I say, represents the other 10%.
【译文】我教给你的东西90%是对的，你的任务就是弄懂我所讲的，从中找出那剩下的10%。
3.But teaching is not simply talking, and often those who talk most, teach less.However, talking is necessary and silence … is by all means not always golden and a sign of depth and strength.
—— Charles F.M.Saint, 1886——1973
【译文】教学不是简单地讲，通常那些说得多的人，教得反而少。当然，交谈是必不可少的，沉默……也不一定总是金，也不总代表深度和力度。
4.I have always believed, too, that the greater the teacher, the simpler his language … the greater the number of monosyllables the more readily is the subject matter understood.
—— Charles F.M.Saint, 1886——1973
【译文】我也一直相信，越大牌的老师，其语言越简单……言词越简单，就越容易让人理解其所想表达的主题。
5.Begin with an arresting sentence; close with a strong summary; in between speak simply, clearly, and always to the point; and above all be brief.
—— William J.Mayo, 1861——1939
【译文】以一个醒目的句子开头；结尾总结要有分量；中间的主体内容表达要简单、明了，并且总能说到点子上；最重要的是要简短。
6.Any speech made in public was a work of art, a perfectly coordinated flow of oratory.I had never quite known what the word "oratory" meant until I heard Moynihan producing it.He was very much aware of his gift and all his most impromptu speeches had been carefully rehearsed.
—— Geoffrey Keynes, 1887——1982
【译文】任何公开演讲都是一种艺术，应像行云流水般完美协调。在听到莫尼汉用“演讲术”这个词之前，我一直不太明白它的含义。他非常清楚自己的天赋，他所有的即兴演讲都经过了精心排练。
7.Never put more than six lines to a slide.
—— Robert M.Zollinger, 1903——1992
【译文】一张幻灯片上不要超过6行字。
【点评】原来是这位大师的经验。
8.Your words must be as sharp as the scalpel you hold.
【译文】你的言辞要像你手中的手术刀一样锋利。
9.All surgeons appear powerful on Power Point; all seem to be graduates of Harvard on Harvard Graphics.
—— Moshe Schein
【译文】所有外科医生的演示文稿（Power Point）看起来都非常棒;似乎他们都是哈佛制图学院的毕业生。
【点评】演示文稿（Power Point）做得漂亮也很重要啊。
10.Any arrangement which allows one's pupils to share completely one's daily work is the more stimulating and satisfactory method of expositor.
—— Elliot Carr Cutler, 1888——1947
【译文】任何让学生充分参与自己日常工作的安排，都是更令人兴奋和满意的带教方式。
11.It is mistake to talk down to students, but rather to treat them as budding or potential equals——they prefer it——and their ego is satisfied.
—— Charles F.M.Saint, 1886——1973
【译文】用居高临下的口气对待学生是不对的，相反，把他们视作正在萌芽或潜在的平辈——他们更喜欢这样一种更容易满足学生自我意识的方式。
12.Grand rounds: a well attended but occasionally esoteric gathering whose chief purpose some days seemed to be the glorification of the speaker rather than the transfer of knowledge from the haves to have-nots.
—— Jack Pickleman(https://www.daowen.com)
【译文】大查房：出席者众多，有时候却成了小圈子聚会，主要目的似乎是在颂扬演讲者，而不是传授知识。
13.A real surgeon shouts at his superiors- never at those below him.
【译文】一个真正的外科医生可以对他上司大喊大叫，但绝对不要对下属这样。
14.Nothing is more erroneous than the cliché: "those who can——do; those who can't——teach".
—— Seymour I Schwartz
【译文】“会做的人——做；不会做的——当老师”。世上还有比这更荒唐的事吗？
【点评】可悲的是如今在很多地方这种荒唐的事依然还在继续。
15.I hold that no man is fit to teach medical students unless he himself is a qualified practitioner and maintains his knowledge in a state which would permit him to ply his real vocation.
【译文】我认为，除非其本人是一名合格的医生，并且其知识能够胜任实际工作，否则不适合教学生。
16.The human lessons which medical practice teaches are great and should be passed on to our pupils.
—— Lord Platt, 1900——1978
【译文】由医学实践得来的人类经验是伟大的，应该传授给我们的学生。
17.A teacher must not be the most facile surgeon, but he must be able to operate well, and he must remain an active clinician to command the respect of those education he shepherds.
—— Seymour I.Schwartz
【译文】老师一定不能只是一名口若悬河的外科医生，还必须是一名手术做得漂亮、坚守在一线、活跃的临床医生，这样才能赢得学生们的尊重。
18.The safest thing for a patient is to be in the hands of a man engaged in teaching medicine.In order to be a teacher of medicine the doctor must always be a student.
—— Charles H.Mayo, 1865——1939
【译文】对患者来说，最安全的事情莫过于落在一名执着于医学教学的医生手里。因为要成为医学老师，他必须永远是一个学生。
19.If the resident did it badly, make him re-do it; if he did it badly again, re-do it yourself.
【译文】住院医生做得不好就让他再做，如果还做不好，你就自己再做。
【点评】身教与言教并举。
20.There are two objects of medical education: to heal the sick, and to advance the science.
—— Charles H.Mayo, 1865——1939
【译文】医学教育有两大目标：医治患者和促进科学进步。
21.One of the signs of a truly educated people, and a broadly educated nation,is lack of prejudice.
—— Charles H.Mayo, 1865——1939
【译文】真正受过教育的人和教育普及度高的国家的一个标志就是没有偏见。
22.Criticism is essential: if destructive, supply a remedy.
—— Charles F.M.Saint, 1886——1973
【译文】批评必不可少：如果具有破坏性，要给予救济。
23.If you take a son-of-a-bitch and educate him, you get an educated son-of a-bitch.
—— Thomas Matthews Haizlip Sr.
【译文】如果你接收了一个浑蛋还给他提供教育，结果就是培养了一个受过教育的浑蛋。
24.Reprimand a resident who errs——fire the one who lies.
【译文】犯错的住院医生，谴责他——说谎的，解雇他。
【点评】“犯错”与“说谎”是性质完全不同的两个问题。