外科实习
1.All practice is theory; all surgery is practice; ergo, all surgery is theory.
—— Lanfranc of Milan, ?——1315
【译文】所有的实践都是理论，所有的手术都是实践。因此，所有手术也都是理论。
2.The soldier is rewarded or promoted for risk of life and personal valor; an officer who is given authority to command the destruction of life may have spent but a few months in the training camp, while the medical officer who is responsible for the preservation of life devotes many years to preparation.
—— Charles H.Mayo, 1865——1939
【译文】因冒着生命危险和个人英勇表现，一名士兵能够得到奖励或晋升 ；一名军官，被赋予下令毁灭生命，可能只需要在训练营待上几个月；而一名军医，担负救死扶伤的重任，则需要经历数年的培训。
3.To the students and young parishioners in surgery through all America...if any of you, by observing the following rules, should save a life, or even a limb of but one civilian ...shall think myself richly rewarded for my labor.
—— John Jones, 1729——1791
【译文】我要对全美外科所有学生和年轻医生说……无论你们中的哪一位都应铭记，挽救一条生命，即或只是一个平民的肢体……都应视作对你自己劳动最丰厚的奖赏。
【点评】救人一命胜造七级浮屠。
4.The days of waiting for practice are very hard and very dangerous.Those days may make a man or mar him.The same wind which blows out the penny dip urges the flames of the forest fire.Those days go far in determining what sort of man he is and is to be.
—— Chalmers Da Costa, 1863——1933
【译文】等待实习的日子非常辛苦，也非常危险，那些日子可成就一个人也可毁掉一个人。吹翻一分钱蘸料的风同样也可助燃起一场森林大火。那些日子足以决定着他是什么类型的人，以及他将成为什么样的人。
【点评】完全同意。实习的那段日子对于一个临床医生未来的发展和成长极其重要。
5.There is a grave danger in those waiting hours, those dark hours of poverty and non- recognition.A sensitive soul will shrink, falter and probably fail.Brooding discontent is apt to dominate and it is a deadly peril.Jealousy may spring up, envy may attain rank luxuriance, bitterness may grow, selfishness, avarice, disloyalty,mental dishonesty may be planted.Low ideas are ever knocking for admission.From them come admiration for despicable things, desires for unworthy objects,and improper professional conduct.
—— J.Chalmers Da Costa, 1863——1933
【译文】在等待的时间里、在贫困和不被认可的黑暗时刻，存在着极大的危险。一个敏感的灵魂会畏缩、动摇，甚至放弃，沉郁失落的不满情绪容易占上风，这是一种致命的危险。戒备心涌现，妒火不断滋生，内心苦闷膨胀，由此可能埋下自私、贪婪、不忠和不诚实的种子。甚至低俗的想法已在敲门，从而衍生出对卑鄙之物的崇拜、对不值得拥有的对象的渴求，以及不正当的职业行为。
【点评】把实习医生的心态描写得惟妙惟肖!
6.Our immersion during residency has the most enduring influence on the way we practice surgery over the next 35 years.
—— Alexander J.Walt, 1923——1996
【译文】住院医生那段时间的“浸泡”，几乎可持续影响着我们未来超过35年的外科实践。
【点评】非常认同，如果没有当初在武汉同济医院那段系统、高强度和规范的住院医生训练，就没有我后来的外科之路。也希望刚入行的年轻外科医生们百般珍惜住院医生阶段的训练。
7.The most essential part of a student's instruction is obtained, as I believe,not in the lecture room, but at the bedside.
—— Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1809——1894
8.You can not learn surgery sitting on your ass.
—— Ward Griffen
【译文】坐着不动没有可能学好外科。
9.It is very difficult to slow down.The practice of medicine is like heart muscle contraction … it's all or none.
—— Béla Schick, 1877——1967
【译文】医学实践就像不停收缩的心肌，要么全有，要么全无，慢下来是非常困难的。
【点评】上了学医这条船，你要么没日没夜地干，要么走人。想偷懒，没门！这就是医学人的宿命。
10.For most medical students surgery is 70% scut work, 20% boredom, and 10% learning.(https://www.daowen.com)
【译文】 对多数医学生来说，手术是70% 杂活、20% 的无聊，10%的学习。
【点评】为了这10%的“干货”你就得默默坚守在一旁持续拉钩、阵发性挨骂……
11.It might … be of singular advantage to young surgeons, particularly before they begin an operation to go through every part of it attentively in their own minds to consider every possible accident which may happen and to have the proper remedies at hand in case they should; and in all operations of delicacy and difficulty to act with deliberation.
—— John Jones, 1729——1791
【译文】对年轻外科医生而言，有一种特别能受益的学习方法是，尤其是在他们动手术之前，在自己脑海中聚精会神地模拟一遍每一个步骤，考虑到每一种可能的意外，并准备好随手可及的、适当的补救措施，以备不时之需；此外，须深思熟虑地应对每一台棘手的手术。
【点评】无论这台手术是否由你主刀，如果能养成这种手术前进行心与手的“模拟演练”的习惯， 将非常有助于年轻外科医生的进步。
12.Medical student: "the only thing I learned during my surgery clerkship is that I am never going to have 'elective'surgery ".
【译文】医学生都这样说：“外科实习期间我学到的唯一东西就是我从来不会有择期手术”。
【点评】是的，好像我身边的学生也都这样说。
13.Students should know which disorders should be treated by surgery and also know something of the dangers and complications of the surgical undertaking.
—— Elliot Carr Cutler, 1888——1947
【译文】学生应该知道哪些疾病可通过手术来治疗，也应该知道外科手术的风险和并发症。
14.Classical surgical education: see one, do one, teach one.Ideal surgical education: do one, do one, do one.
【译文】经典外科教育的模式是：先看，后做，再教。理想化的外科教育则是：做，做，不停地做。
【点评】说这话的仁兄可能有点过于强调“埋头苦做”了，这种理想化的外科教育是对学生，也是对患者的不负责任。
15.What is most worth knowing, is soonest learned and least the subject of disputes.
—— William Cheselden, 1688——1752
【译文】学得快、争议少的东西最值得掌握。
16.You have to be careful not to become involved in too many small things and not enough big things.
—— Warren H.Cole, 1898——1991
【译文】注意不要顾小失大。
【点评】把有限的时间和精力花在刀刃上。
17.I have never been busy, merely occupied.
—— Berkeley Moynihan, 1865——1936
【译文】我从不忙碌，只是时间都被排满了。
18.Agreeing to do additional cases when already stretched to meet personal obligations should not be judged as laudable over-achieving.Over-scheduling should instead be understood as a lapse of judgment.
—— James W.Jones
【译文】在完成个人任务都勉为其难的情况下，再允诺处理一些额外的病例，不应被视作值得称赞的超额完成任务。相反，应被理解为一种判断失误。
【点评】要理直气壮地在我们的医院中培育这种是非观。无限制的超额工作实际上是对患者的不负责。
19.Fun is a concept rapidly disappearing from clinical medicine today.All of our many detractors do their best to eliminate fun from our profession.
—— Leo A.Gordon
【译文】乐趣是一个正在今天的临床医学中迅速消失的概念。所有批评者都在尽其所能地清除我们职业中的乐趣。
【点评】快乐的工作非常重要。