第八十二章 痔
1.Nine of every ten men have piles.
【译文】十男九痔。
【点评】 其实痔疮的男女发病率基本差不多，因此“ten men”应该译为“十人”，即“十人九痔”才符合事实。
2.Hemorrhoids are swellings of the orifice of the anal veins, forming granulations, and frequently letting blood flow out.
—— Celsus, 25 BC——50 AD
【译文】痔由肛管静脉丛肿胀，形成肉芽而成，并常有出血。
【点评】两千年前这个关于痔的定义言简意赅。
3.Hemorrhoids are an epiphenomenon.
—— Antonio Longo
【译文】痔是一种继发病。
4.Women during the state of pregnancy, and just after the menses have finally left them, are peculiarly subject to the piles.
—— William Heberden, 1710——1801
【译文】怀孕的妇女，刚刚结束月经的妇女，特别容易患痔疮。
5.In affections of the liver, haemorrhoidal bleedings are very common.
—— William Heberden, 1710——1801
【译文】肝功能异常者，更容易发生痔疮出血。
【点评】200多年前能注意到痔疮出血与肝功能异常之间的关系，实属不易。(https://www.daowen.com)
6.The one who swallows cactuses with spines should not complain about hemorrhoids.
—— Etgar Keret
【译文】吞下带刺仙人掌的人就不会抱怨痔疮了。
【点评】可见痔疮所带来的痛苦是多么难以忍受。
7.(Treatment of hemorrhoids): Force out the anus as much as possible with the fingers and make the irons red hot，burn the pile until be dried up and so that no part may be left behind.
—— Hippocrates, 460——377 BC
【译文】（痔的治疗）：用手指扩肛尽力让肛门外翻，烧红熨铁，灼烫痔核直至干透，这样就不会有任何遗漏。
【点评】这应该是物理版的“枯痔疗法”，那个洪荒年代也只有这个办法。
8.It is not clear if these hemorrhoids are of the variety which should be excised or not since there are people in whom they have once been surgically extirpated and in whom other hemorrhoids develop.
—— Moses Maimonides, 1135——1204
【译文】目前还不清楚这些痔核是否属于应该切除的病变，因为有人虽然通过手术根除了，后来在那儿又长出了痔。
【点评】痔的现代治疗原则是“肛垫”理论出现后才确定的，即：主要目标是减轻或消除主要症状和并发症，最大限度地保护肛门生理功能而不是根除痔体（即发生病理改变的肛垫）。这位先辈800多年前就开始质疑“痔切除”的合理性，令人佩服！
9.After (open) hemorrhoidectomy if wound shape is clover then the problem is over——if dahlia, then it is a problem.
【译文】痔切除术敞开的伤口如果是三叶草形状，问题就解决了——如果是大丽花形状，那么这就有问题了。
10.Hemorrhoids have no relationship at all to colorectal cancer; hemorrhoids themselves are rarely life-threatening.But they share some of the symptoms of more serious diseases, including some rare anal cancers.That's why a doctor's diagnosis is so important.
【译文】痔与结直肠癌毫无关系，痔本身也很少危及生命。但它的一些症状是很多严重疾病所共有的，包括罕见的肛管癌。这就是为什么面对痔，医生的诊断尤为重要的原因。