二、易混词误用
考点分析
博士研究生入学英语考试中,经常出现易混词的错误,其是改错题中常见的一种错误类型。主要包括:
(一)同/近义词误用
例:consist“包括,由……组成”与compose“组成”
arise“出现,起来”与rise“上升,站起”
forbid“禁止”与prohibit“禁止”
(二)形近词误用
例:The disease mainly effects the skin and nerves.
分析:根据句意,此处是说疾病对皮肤和神经有影响,而effect作动词时意为“实现,达到”,作名词时才意为“影响”,因此应将effect改为affect。
(三)同根词误用
例:sleep和asleep
具体的易混词在词汇结构一周的词汇附表中已列出,请考生关注一下。
技巧点拨
(1)平时注意对这些易混词的积累。
(2)记忆单词时,多注意同根词在用法上的区别。
(3)仔细阅读每一个单词,从其词性、含义、用法三方面全面考虑其使用是否恰当。
典型真题
例1:
62.They said the clips were moved only after complaints from Vivi Down,an Italian organization representing people with Down syndrome and autism,whose name was mentioned in the videos.(北京大学2010年)
【名师点评】moved→removed。句中的moved意为“移动”,与句意不符,句意说他们是在接到了Vivi Down的投诉后,才删除了剪辑。因此,应将moved改为removed。
例2:
(68)Stanford’s$911 million was the most ever collected by a single university,and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future.(北京大学2007年)
【名师点评】rose→raised。rise意为“升起,起身,发源,起义,高耸,增长”,而此处是说筹集基金,因此应改为raise,意为“筹集”。
例3:
In education there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that attribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.(山东大学2008年)
【名师点评】attribute→contribute。attribute to意为“把……归因于”,而本句的句意是“有助于有效的思考”,因此应改为contribute。
实战演练
1.A considerable
work in linguistics has gone
looking at the
oftalk between women and men,and there is some evidence that men
talk morethan women in mixed sex conversations.
2.Now,it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer.____
3.There
some scientists who
that pollution is
threatening the ability ofhumans to
.
4.Colorful vision in each eye comes from six to seven million structures called cones.
5.Many Middle-Eastern and Asian countries have a battle to fight with air,water,and land pollution.Lakes and swamps are spread with debris.
6.He feared that
would
to outstrip growth in food production,leading to ever increased
and poverty;he is seen as the intellectual father ofideas of overpopulation and the
for growth.
7.In the study,Australian researchers looked at many factors,including
partnerchange,mothers’health in
,a child’s health in the first six months of life andmarital
in more than 5,000 mothers over
(https://www.daowen.com)
8.People from working-class
do seek self-esteem and
,andthey come to their jobs full of
.
9.One source of information is the
of Tambora,a
inSumbawa,the Dutch East
,in April 1815.
10.The third process,
,
of relating a mental
of the textmeaning to
knowledge,which is stored in long-term memory in terms ofeither propositions or schemata.
11.In order to
that theory,
have turned to
data in relation toespecially huge
eruptions.
12.The effect was previously thought to be
,but researchers now say the
will be large enough that it should be
when
how the
Earth wobbles.
13.This is
important after a tough run or
,when you may feel that a
binge is 
14.Most people
it hard to believe that such a
man shouldhave done that
thing.
15.Alexander,being of a
,reserved
,pays close
to what peoplesay about him and does not like making
in public.
16.Some people think that a
translation,or word-for-word
,is
than a
translation.
17.The whole embarrassing
in the bar was a great
to them and
a bad example of English
.
18.A person
thoughts and ideas through choice of words,by a tone of
that is pleasant or
,by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself,and finally,by the pitch and melody of the 
19.Public
is a manner of communication
specialized with its own
for obtaining
by voice and/or gesture.
20.Whether 60 or 16,there is every human being’s
he lure of wonder,the 
appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of 
答案解析
1.C。同根词混用。distribute为动词,而此处of前需名词,指男女间对话中话语的分布。因此,distribute改为distribution。
2.economical→economic。同根词混用。economical的意思是“节约的,经济的,省钱的”,而此处应选择economic表示“经济的,有关经济的”。因此,economical改为economic。
3.D。同根词混用。produce的意思是“生产,制造”,humans不是生产出来的,而是reproduce(生殖,繁殖)。因此,produce改为reproduce。
4.Colorful→Color。同根词混用。colorful是指所修饰的事物本身具有明亮的或者不同的颜色,而color作定语是指修饰的事物使别的事物的各种颜色能够展现出来,而不是仅仅看到黑白两色。因此,Colorful改为Color。
5.spread→polluted/littered。近义动词混用。句中的debris意为“碎片,残骸”,所以根据上下文这里的意思是“湖泊和湿地被一些碎片残骸所污染或弄得凌乱不堪”才符合逻辑。因此,spread改为polluted/littered。
6.B。形近动词混用。动词intend和tend由于形式上相近,有时会被混淆。intend to do的意思是decide to do or plan to do,主语往往是有意识的行为发出者;tend to do的意思是usually or often happen,两者是完全不同的。从上下文来看,主语population growth并不是行为的主动发出者,应该用tend,而不是intend。
7.A。形近形容词混用。词义错误,marital应改为maternal,前者表“婚姻的”,后者表“母性的”。
8.C。形近名词混用。confirmation意为“证实,证明,批准”,而affirmation意为“肯定,断言”。结合并列的成分self-esteem“自尊”,personal affirmation“自我肯定”的意义符合全句的意思。因此,confirmation应改为affirmation。
9.A。形近名词混用。affect与effect为一组很容易混淆的形近词。但affect主要做动词用,意指“影响”。effect虽可作动词,但主要做名词用。根据上下文意义,此处应为名词。因此,affect应改为effect。
10.B。形近动词混用。compose和consist都可以表示“组成,构成”,但用法不同:compose可用作及物动词,后面直接加宾语,也可用作be composed of sth.,表示“由……组成”。consist是不及物动词,与介词of搭配,此处动词后面出现介词of,而且并没有用作被动语态结构,因此只能用consists。
11.C。同根形容词混用。historic和historical均为history的形容词,但意义有区别。前者强调“历史上著名的,具有历史意义的”;后者则侧重“历史上真实地发生过的”,有别于“传说的”“杜撰的”。因此,将historic改为historical。
12.A。近形形容词混用。negligent极容易与negligible混淆,前者意为“疏忽的;粗心大意的”,后者意为“微不足道的,可以忽略的”。根据句意,应将negligent改为negligible。
13.D。同根形容词混用。justifiable意思和justified很接近,前者意为“有正当理由的”,一般是作前置定语,justified意为“有合理解释的,有正当理由的”,在此句中是分词作表语,主语一般是具有能动性的人。因此,justifiable改为justified。
14.C。同根形容词混用。respectful意为“表示尊敬的,有礼貌的”,与本题的意思不符,应该改为respectable,意为“值得尊敬的,尊敬的”。
15.A。同根形容词混用。sensible意为“有感觉的,明智的,有判断力的”,不能用于修饰nature,应该改为sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的,感光的)。
16.A。形近形容词混用。literary意为“文学的”,放在这里不符合句意;与literary形近的形容词literal意为“字面的”,符合逻辑。故literary应该改为literal。
17.A。近义名词混用。accident意为“事故,意外”,与embarrassing搭配不符合逻辑,应该改为incident,意为“事件,事情”。
18.B。近义名词混用。表示说话发出的声音不用sound,用voice。因此,将sound改成voice。
19.C。形近名词混用。technologies意为“科学技术,工艺”等,与句意不符,根据句子的句意,应该改成techniques,意为“技巧”。
20.C。同根形容词混用。childish意为“孩子气的,幼稚的”,略带贬义。childlike意为“天真的,孩子般的”,略带褒义。两者在感情色彩上有所不同。因此,改childlike为childish。