一、介词
考点分析
介词在英语中有着举足轻重的地位,其数量不多,拼写也不复杂,但要准确地把握其用法却非易事,介词的恰当使用常常成为令英语学习者头疼的问题。
(一)常用介词
常用介词,如:in,on,at,from,to,like,of,for,after,before,by,with,since,between;
还有一些组合介词,如:into,onto,out of,throughout,within,upon。
这些介词的具体用法需要下功夫弄清楚。
(二)及物动词和不及物动词
在改错题目中,经常会出现混淆及物动词和不及物动词。
(1)不及物动词后面必须要加上介词;
(2)及物动词后面不能随意加上介词,因为及物动词后面可以直接接名词。
(三)介宾短语
介词不能单独使用,而必须和其他词连用,这些词称作介词的宾语,它们共同构成的介宾短语常在句中作状语,作名词的后置定语,有时作某些动词的宾语补足语。
名词和动名词可以作介词宾语,改错题中常把应该用动名词作宾语的地方误用为名词或不定式,需留心陷阱。
如:under the tree,during the day
(四)连接从句或不定式
介词之后还可以接宾语从句或不定式短语,但要借助:
连接代词:what,which,whom
连接副词:how,when,where
(五)最重要的两个介词
(1)介词of多余或者遗漏
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage,television,and film productions on both sides the Atlantic Ocean.
分析:sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词of。
(2)介词by
表示被动,be+过去分词+by
表示“通过……的方式”,by doing
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States can be performed from a justice of the peace.
分析:谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。
技巧点拨
要识别这类错误,考生应注意以下几点:
(1)平时多积累、总结介词的用法。
(2)注意动词与介词、名词与介词、形容词与介词等习惯搭配中的介词。
(3)注意at best,in brief,on(an/the)average等固定短语中的介词。
典型真题
例1:
(70)The program will include about 40,000 items likewise electronics,toys,home décor and sporting goods.(北京大学2011年)
【名师点评】likewise→like。likewise“同样,也”,句子中后面跟的是名词,表列举,这里应该用介词like。
例2:
37.A child learning to talk does not learn
all the time;
too much,he will stop talking.He notices a thousand times a day the differencebetweenC the language he uses and the language those around him use.Bit by bit,he makes thenecessary changes to make his language
.(中国社会科学院2010年)
【名师点评】D。as和like都可以表示“像……一样”,但as是连词,而like是介词。句中应使用介词like。故答案为D。
例3:
One of th most important non-legislative functions of the U.S.Congress is the powerto investigate,which is usually delegated
committees-either
committees,special committees
a specific purpose,or joint committees
membersof both houses.(中国社会科学院2014年)
【名师点评】C。set up为固定搭配,表示“建立,创立”。C项缺少介词up。
例4:
63.Retailers say that trying online and in-store inventory together lets them to sellmore products.(北京大学2011年)
【名师点评】删掉to。let sb.do sth.为固定搭配,去掉to。
例5:(https://www.daowen.com)
(63)Because of new cars and power plants,air pollution is bad and getting worse in much of the world,and it is taking a major toll to global health.(北京大学2013年)
【名师点评】to→on。take a toll on为固定词组,意义为“对……造成损失”。
例6:
Print your CV on good-quality white paper.CVs with flowery backgrounds or pink paper will stand out upon all the wrong reasons.(重庆大学2012年)
【名师点评】upon→for。stand out for为固定短语,意为“坚决要求”。
实战演练
1.Can any spectacle,
,be more
whimsical than
unners usingscience to shatter men’s bodies while,close at hand,surgeons use
to restorethem?
2.If the matter
a church wedding,a reception,a honeymoon in Venice,and
a new home,this
even
that it issuccessful.
3.Since a long time scholars have been puzzled over the striking difference of words in different languages.
4.A
has an“interest rate”
it;this refers to the rate
the money in the instrument
during a certain period of time.
5.The a
risk of cance
may be more
a dietaryproblem—too much fat and a lack of fiber
a weight problem.
6.The letter told the White House
over all records that could
investigators
who may have revealed the operative’s
journalists.
7.The pain,
was due to the pressure of the cancer on a nerve,was entirely
the s
,to the extent
it caused no furthersuffering.
8.They’ve
a holiday cottage
,and
they plan to
permanently.
9.The main interest
will be
delegates complain
thegovernment’s
.
10.The final legislation still has a broad
,and the attorney generalneeded Bnothing more than reasonable grounds
that an immigrant was
11.
most people still feel that a woman’s place is
;and most womenwillingly accept their traditional role
,leaving the business of making a living
12.My school’s examination Asystem
the
that waspopular
.
13.The vast
in any
will
established 
.
14.Thesuperstar
a small coastal town,which was
thefront page
he local
r.
15.The
should be measured
he health and happiness of itspeople
the material goods it 
16.The voice
psychologica
a person’s self-image,
,and emotional
.
17.Animals perform many useful and entertaining
.Dogs are particularly
the blind,
,finding lost people,and hunting
.
18.It is now possible
influence the details
the socialization of another person’s child
spreading the gospel rearing.
current and fashionable theories and methods of child
19.A new study uses
brain-scanning technology to Bcast light
topic thatpsychologists have puzzled
more than half a century social conformity.
20.Interestingly,
they escape fatal infections
accidents,these contemporaryaborigines live
old ages despite
the absence of medical care.
答案解析
1.C。that→that of。在that后面加上of为了避免重复,这里用that指代spectacle,后面的gunners using是that的内容,因此应该用介词of引出。
2.B。returning→returning to。return一般做“回家”意思时,为不及物动词,后加介词to。
3.Since→For。since做介词,表示“自从……起”,后面一般不跟表示一段时间的名词,应用介词for。
4.C。which→at which。关系代词which在此引导的是一个定语从句,并且在此应该用“介词+关系代词”这个形式,因为前面的rate往往用于短语at a rate,此处的介词可以提前。
5.C。about→of。about意思为“相关的”,这里应该为of,表性质。句意:与之相关的消化系统患癌症的危险实际上是饮食问题引起的,而非体重问题。
6.B。介词遗漏。be relevant to意为“与……相关”,为固定搭配,其中的介词to不能少。
7.D。介词遗漏。which指代先行词extent,因为extent表示程度的点,而在某个点上往往用介词to。to which是介词加关系代词的组合。
8.C。in due course为惯用搭配,意为“在适当的时候”,for应改为in。
9.B。介词遗漏。本句为介词提前的定语从句。根据短语to...extent,可以判断which前需要加入to。
10.C。介词遗漏。“比较级+than+to+动词”的结构,意为“不至于……,懂得……不该……”,动词前的介词to不能少。因此,believe前需要加to。
11.D。介词遗漏。leave sth.to sb.意为“把……留给……做”,是固定短语,因而不能省略也不能用别的介词代替to。
12.B。介词误用。pattern after意为“仿造,模仿”,pattern不能与介词into搭配。因此,into应改为after。
13.C。介词遗漏。conform后面一般接介词to,意为“遵循”。
14.A。介词误用。descend on意为“突然拜访,意外来到”,为固定搭配。因此,for应改为on。
15.B。介词误用。in terms of意为“根据,从……方面”,为固定搭配。因此,to应改为in。
16.B。介词误用。clue一般与介词to搭配,表示“有关……的线索”。因此,将on改成to。
17.B。介词遗漏。valuable句型应为be valuable in sth.,意为“对……具有价值”。因此,在valuable后面加入in。
18.C。介词误用。influence...by是习惯用法。因此,in应改为by。
19.D。介词漏用。完成时态中的时间状语需要介词for表示持续了多长一段时间。因此over后应加入介词for。
20.D。despite后面不加of。因此删去of。