考点三 非谓语动词
技巧点拨
非谓语动词内容繁多,用法复杂,是考生在英语学习过程中的最大难点,也是博士研究生入学考试的必考项目,在完形填空中,经常会出现。非谓语动词的用法在词汇结构一周已讲解,这里不再赘述。但在完形填空中,其解题技巧略有不同,具体内容如下:
(1)牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够,动词-ing形式表主动或进行,过去分词表被动或完成。
(2)分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。
(3)寻找逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语,但表示的仍是动作,在意义上会有一个动作的发出者,这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。
做主语补足语、表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;
做宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;
做定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;
复合结构自带逻辑主语。
(4)把握前后主语一致性和主被动关系。
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式;
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词或不定式的被动式。
如果表被动进行,用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
(5)根据上下文的语境和意义确定时间关系。
如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般式;
如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行式;
如果动作在将来发生,则用不定式。
(6)分析特殊情况。
主要是指一些习惯用法、固定搭配等。详见词汇结构部分。
典型真题
例1:
Ancient scientists studied the skies by simple instruments.The first person 70 a telescope was named Galileo.In 1610 he discovered four moons around the planet Jupiter.(北京航空航天大学2012年)
70.A.to use B.used C.uses D.of using
【名师点评】A。动词不定式。主语the first person和a telescope是主动关系,所以用to use。A项符合文意。(https://www.daowen.com)
例2:
At its most basic level,a cloud storage system needs just one data server 18 to the Internet.A client e.g.,a computer user subscribing to a cloud storage service sends copies of files over the Internet to the data server,which then records the information.When the client wishes to retrieve the information,he or she accesses the data server through a Web-based interface.The server then either sends the files back to the client or allows the client to access and manipulate the files on the server itself.(华中科技大学2012年)
18.A.connecting B.connected C.connect D.being connected
【名师点评】B。后置定语。划分句子成分后, 18 to the Internet做data server的后置定语。data server应该是被连接到网络,使用connect的过去分词形式。
例3:
“We weren’t able to break the games down by educational versus non-educational or nonviolent versus violent,”says Swing, 35 that the impact that different types of games may have on attention is a ripe area for future research.(中国科学院2013年)
35.A.adding B.adds C.added D.having added
【名师点评】A。分词结构。分析句子结构,句子不缺谓语,应用分词形式,前后构成主动关系,用adding形式。故答案为A。
例4:
Who won the World Cup 1994 football game?What happened at the United Nations?How did the critics like the new play?Soon after an event takes place,newspapers are onthe street 2 the details.Wherever anything happens in the world,reporters are on the spot to gather the news.(华中科技大学2013年)
2.A.to give B.giving C.given D.being given
【名师点评】B。现在分词表示主动,报纸主动报道事件细节,所以用giving。故答案为B。
实战演练
1.Salesmen depend upon the person-to-person approach in trying to persuade consumers to buy.Advertising,however,has to depend upon reaching consumers indirectly through messages on radio and television,in the newspapers,or even on handbills____you in the street.
A.give B.given to C.to give D.given
2.Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic,when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;or the man who waves a child across a zebra____into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time.
A.crossing B.cross C.being crossed D.to cross
3.Remember,all the goods____today,have to be sold.And you cannot buy something if you do not know about it.Later,we shall discuss the pros and cons of advertising.First,let us see how advertisers try to reach the teenage consumer.
A.being produced B.produced C.producing D.to be produced
答案解析
1.B。非谓语动词。根据句子的结构,紧跟在handbills后的短语应该是一个定语。“传单”应做“给”的宾语,是“被给”的,所以,分词短语应该用被动语态。故答案为B。
2.A。非谓语动词。现在分词crossing在句中做a child的补语,表动作正在进行。故答案为A。
3.A。非谓语动词。根据句子的结构,紧跟the goods的短语应该是做定语的分词短语,根据上下文的意思和时间指示词today所示,此处应该用produce的进行时的被动语态表示。故答案为A。