一、词性混用

一 、词性混用

考点分析

改错题中常见的词性误用主要包括形容词和名词之间的误用、连词和副词之间的误用以及形容词和副词之间的误用。

（一）做表语时形容词和副词的混用

做表语应用形容词，绝对不能用副词。

例：Giant pandas，which inhabit restricted areas of high mountain bamboo forests，are rarely today and when they are in captivity they breed poorly.

分析：rarely为副词，不能作表语，故改为形容词rare。

（二）加宾语时名词和动名词的混用

后面加宾语当然要用动名词

例：Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds and keeping the soil in the best condition to help the crop grow until it is ready for harvesting.

分析：preparation为名词，后面不能接宾语，改为动名词preparing，其后既能接宾语，又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。

（三）只能用副词修饰数量词，不能用形容词

nearly two hundred students，这里的nearly修饰的是two hundred；

two hundred diligent students，这里的diligent修饰的是students。

（四）逻辑连接词和近义的副词或介词混用

有些副词或介词else，also，instead，even，during，despite无法把两个句子连接起来，连接两个句子应该用连接词连接。

例：Mary McDowell shared Jane Adam’s interest in social work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations.

分析：also是副词，不能连接并列的谓语动词，故改为并列连词and。

技巧点拨

改错题中常见的词性误用主要包括形容词和名词之间的误用、连词和副词之间的误用以及前面提到的形容词和副词之间的误用。

（1）注意平行结构各部分之间形式的一致性，如要为名词就均为名词，要为形容词就均为形容词。

（2）分清句子的语法结构，判断各部分应该采用的词性。弄清形容词或副词在句中充当的成分及其所修饰的词语，判断是否存在误用情况。形容词修饰名词，在句中充当定语、表语或补语；副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子，在句中充当状语。

（3）词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要，但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握，将会弥补词汇量的不足。

典型真题

例1：

（73）Won’t the highly cost of going it alone put Apple at a disadvantage compared to makers that buy chips and software from others?（北京大学2012年）

【名师点评】highly→high。形容词和副词间的误用。highly为副词，不能修饰名词cost，所以应该改为high。

例2：

71.When they had absolute nothing to do with the video in question，then our liability is limited.（北京大学2010年）

【名师点评】absolute→absolutely。形容词和副词误用。根据句子结构，absolutely修饰前面的动词，修饰动词应该使用副词，故应将absolute改为absolutely。

例3：

（71）Also，Jobs has been around long enough to remember the advantages of a vertical integrated company.（北京大学2012年）

【名师点评】vertical→vertically。形容词和副词间的误用。句中的integrated为过去分词，做形容词用，应该用副词修饰，所以用vertical不对，应改为vertically。

例4：

31.Such an

comfort is peculiarly America andall the recent rhetoric about national sacrifice in a period of energy shortages.（社会科学院2006）

【名师点评】C。动名词和副词间的误用。at odds with意为“与……意见不一致”，应用副词修饰。因此striking改为strikingly。

例5：

（64）How big？According to a new analyze published in the Lancet，more than 3.2million people suffered premature deaths from air pollution in 2010，the largest number on record.（北京大学2013年）

【名师点评】analyze→analysis。动词和名词间的误用。analyze为动词，这里需使用名词形式。

例6：

At the same time，（94）once while the rules allowing delivery of the Internet throughpower lines are completed，（95）companies could provide consumers with the ability to plug their modems directly into wall sockets，just like they do with a toaster，or a desk lamp.（北京大学2004年）

【名师点评】like→as。逻辑连接词和介词间的误用。just like后面的they do with a toaster，or a desk lamp为完整的句子，需要连接词引导，而like为介词不对，应改为连词as。

实战演练(https://www.daowen.com)

1.Research

has been neglected，although the reason peopleis pain.

2.Langston Hughes，of the 1920’s，with theexperience of in the United States.

3.Paper under tension crumples under of compression.

4.Some of thecelebrated stunts the history of radio associatedwith Gracie Allen.

5.There are two hundred thousand students，good than there when Zawahiri and Fadl studied there.

6.there are fewer short than medium-sized men，a made to theirmeasurements is less lto find a buyer，and is knocked down .

7.These assets，called non-current ，are used in the ofbusiness rather than held for sale.

8.Many elderly are now not used to the of modern ，which theyconsider is away from the old .

9.Mr.Johnson couldn’t shake the that these wounded were inand it him to help them.

10.In the United States system，school is the stagebetween the grades and high school.

11.An that properly carries the name is a more andcomplex institution than any other kind of higher education

12.Youth is not a time of life；it is a state of mind；it is not a matter of rosy ，redlips and supple knees；it is a matter of will，a of the ，a vigor of theemotions；it is the of the deep springs of life.

13.Another trend that I see in the below is to tightly crop on but interesting portions of your subject.

14.If，therefore，a rhyme can be shown to have been for a hundredyears，or even just for fifty，it that it has been over and again.

15.The even-presentof volcanic ，such as that of Mt.St.Helens inWashington，added to man’s pollution of the with oil，gas，coal，andother polluting substances，may bring us colder weather.

16.It was easy to give independence to the larger —indeed，most

campaigned vigorously for self-rule—but the smaller ，which were lesseconomically viable，preferred to beyond British rule.

17.Contrary to researchers’，dysfunctional family and poorcommunication styles appear to have much on whether young children become，a study has found.

18.This happens very ，not just as families or fail to be formed，but also

within which to all outer are still intact.

19.With parking and evening hours，could avoid cityentirely.

20.In ，there should be a good among the branches of knowledge thatto effective thinking and wise

答案解析

1.B。形容词—副词误用。mainly为副词，不能修饰后面的名词，故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason，定语从句引导词被省略。

2.C。名词—动名词误用。depiction为名词，后面不能接宾语，应改为动名词depicting，做介词宾语。

3.B。副词—连词误用。instead为副词，不能连接两个并列动词，应改为but。句意：纸张在拉力的作用下很强，而在压力的作用下容易起皱。对等连接词but和and，or的用法是一样的。

4.C。连词—介词误用。while为连词，后面要求接从句，而句中显然没有从句，故根据题意改为介词in。

5.A。形容词—副词误用。near为形容词，不能修饰数量词，因此near应改为副词nearly。

6.D。形容词—副词误用。分析句子成分，应该用according的副词形式accordingly修饰动词knocked，意为“因此，结果是”。

7.A。some time不是副词，而是名词性成分，意为“一段（较长的）时间”，不能修饰动词called。sometime是副词，在此指过去的某个时间。因此，some time应改为sometime。

8.B。动词—名词误用。tend是动词，意为“趋向，倾向；照料，照顾”。of结构应用名词，tendency是tend的名词形式，指自然因素决定的“趋势，倾向”。因此，tend应改为tendency。

9.A。动词—名词误用。convict是动词，意为“证明……有罪；宣告……有罪”，此处应是名词，应改为conviction，shake a conviction是“放弃信念”的意思。

10.C。形容词—名词误用。transition意为“过渡”，为名词，其后的stage是名词，一般用形容词修饰。因此，transition改为transitional，意为“过渡的”。

11.D。名词—动词误用。establish意为“建立；创办；安置”，是动词。根据前面的higher education判 定，此 处 应 用 名 词 形 式，将establish改 为establishment。establishment意为“企业，设施（公司、学校、医院、教会等）”。

12.D。名词—形容词误用。fresh意为“新鲜的；清新的；淡水的”。介词of前应为名词，而fresh为名词时，意为“开始，泛滥”，freshness作为形容词fresh的名词形式，意为“气味清新，精神饱满”，符合此句之意。

13.D。形容词—副词误用。remarkable是形容词，而其后是另一个形容词interesting，修饰形容词的应该是副词，故改为remarkably。

14.B。形容词—副词误用。current是形容词，意为“通用的，通行的，被普遍接受的”。currently是副词，意思为“当前，时下”。此处have been后面需要用形容词current。

15.D。形容词—副词误用。由于下文为形容词colder，那么根据“副词修饰形容词”的规则，此处应为increasingly。因此，increasing改为increasingly。

16.A。形容词—副词误用。由于下文为形容词easy，应该用副词修饰形容词，此处应为relatively。因此，relative改为relatively。

17.A。动词—名词误用。expect为动词，意为“期望；指望”。根据前面researchers’所有格，此处应用名词形式expectations。

18.A。形容词—副词误用。happens为动词，这里需用副词修饰happens。因此，将frequent改成frequently。

19.B。名词—形容词误用。根据下文的evening hours，前面应是形容词作为其修饰语，convenient才是形容词，convenient与前文的easy形成并列。

20.C。名词—动词误用。contribution意为“贡献；促成”，为名词。根据上下文，此处应该用动词形式contribute。