六、动物实验
因豚鼠的听力学特征与人较接近,所以既往人们在做听觉生理实验时,多选用豚鼠。随着分子生物学的发展,因小鼠的基因与人类较接近,所以听觉生理较为宏观的研究逐渐更多的选用小鼠或大鼠了。然而不论豚鼠、小鼠或大鼠,其ABR均有自己的特点。大概是因为解剖学结构的原因,这些动物的ABR不像人一样在正常情况下常出现5个波,而是常常出现3个波,波Ⅳ、Ⅴ出现率低且不重复。因此判断其阈值时,通常以出现率最高的波Ⅲ作为判断阈值的指标(图5-19)。示豚鼠、小鼠的ABR波形及其波Ⅲ的阈值。
图5-19 ABR波形及阈值判断指标
A.左耳示豚鼠正常ABR波形及阈值(45dB SPL);B.右耳示小鼠正常ABR波形及阈值(55dB SPL)
电极放置:两耳郭前沿连线的中点为记录电极。通常用3号绣花针,轻轻钉透颅骨至硬脑膜外大约1mm深,以手指轻轻碰触针鼻处,动物头与针一体运动,即证明电极深度到位。参考电极置同侧耳垂,地线接鼻尖或对侧耳垂。平均器、放大器各参数的设置同引导人的ABR。刺激声可选短声、短音、过滤短声或平台较短的短纯音。引导动物的ABR简单易引,可监测动物造模前后听功能的变化,也可将动物放置固定盒内,保持清醒状态。在不同段的时间内,可重复安置记录电极3~5次,但必须避免电极植入过深伤及皮质而出现动物死亡。如果要做远期观察,可参考第4章引导CAP和第8章PR慢性电极植入法。
(李兴启 闻雨婷)
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