2.3.2　低振荡切应力动物模型（颈总动脉局部结扎模型）

参考Nam等的方法建立低振荡切应力动物模型。在该模型中，腹腔注射8%（wt/vol）水合氯醛麻醉ApoE-/-小鼠（8周龄），仰卧固定，75%的酒精或碘酒消毒颈部表面皮肤；除毛后，仔细分离左颈动脉，然后分别结扎颈外动脉（external carotid artery，ECA），颈内动脉（internal carotid artery，ICA）和枕动脉（occipital artery，OA），仅保留甲状腺上动脉（superior thyroid artery，STA）畅通。右侧颈动脉为假手术对照，即分离右侧颈动脉，但不实施结扎术（图2-4）。Vevo 2 100高分辨率小型动物超声仪器检测颈动脉血流速度，采用超声频率为24～30 MHz。结果表明，局部结扎的前段为低切应力区域。

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图2-4　颈总动脉局部结扎产生低振荡切应力。（a）颈总动脉局部结扎示意图。（b）局部结扎颈总动脉24 h后，超声检查检测颈动脉血流速度。（c）速度的定量分析，LCA1和LCA2分别为LCA中的最大正和负速度（n=3）。与RCA对照相比，*p＜0.05。［引自：Zhang K, et al. A novel role of Id1 in regulating oscillatory shear stress-mediated lipid uptake in endothelial cells［J］. Ann Biomed Eng, 2018, 46（6）: 849-863.］
Figure 2-4　Local ligation of the common carotid artery produces low oscillatory shear stress. （a）Schematic illustration of local ligation of carotid artery. （b）After 24 h of local ligation of the carotid artery, the velocity of blood flow was detected by ultrasound. （c）The quantitative analysis of velocity, LCA1 and LCA2 are the maximum positive and negative velocities, respectively（n=3）. Compared with RCA, *p＜0.05. ［Adapted from: Zhang K, et al. A novel role of Id1 in regulating oscillatory shear stress-mediated lipid uptake in endothelial cells［J］. Ann Biomed Eng, 2018, 46（6）: 849-863.］