索引
索引
Achtenberg,Deborah,244n31
Ackrill,J.L.,235n42
action(praxis):as aiming at some good,14;choice as principle of,115;chosen because of itself,54;energeia and,14,15;ofthe inquiry itself,19,52,206-7,208,230n1,283n34,283n35;motion contrasted with,230n4;not an end in itself,202,282n24;versus production,15,117;technē and theōria contrasted with,117
akrasia(lack of self-restraint),135-53;acquired by habit,152,265n21;compared with softness(malakia)and endurance(karteria),263n8;as conflict between desire and deliberation,42,114;as desire overcoming opinion,138,139,142,151;as disease of the soul,130;expanded beyond necessary or natural pleasures,145-50;and homosexuality,265n21;incompatible with phronēsis,138,151-52,263n11;indulgence compared with,140,142,145,148,150-51;and need for habituation,55,152;and order of the soul,105;physiological versus logical account of,142,143;and failure of practical reason,140-45,263n13,264n15;in regard to thumos,148-50,262n1;Socrates on,136-40;and vice,136,148,150,173;weak versus impetuous,264n17
Alcibiades,85-86,87,252n36,252n37
Alfarabi,1,227n1,229n12,231n11,233n21,239n70,257n69,261n23,261n29,266n28,285n43,286n47,287n51
ambidexterity versus right-handed dominance,101,102,256n67,256n68
ambition,74,87
Anaxagoras,7,8,31,111,112,120,203,205,236n50,283n26
anger.See thumos(anger;spiritedness)
Annas,Julia,268n39,273n35
aphrodisia(sexual desire),3,80,145,146,155,265n21
Apology(Plato),212,227n2,240n2
Aquinas,Thomas,254n53,254n57,255n63,256n67,267n38,276n51
Aristophanes,89,269n7,270n17,277n62
Aristotle.See treatises of Aristotle hy name
Aubenque,Pierre,271n23
audience ofthe Nicomachean Ethics,3-4,7,17-21,70,132,214,228n10,233n24,285n42
awareness:as being alive in fullest sense,8,157,195;happiness and reciprocal self-awareness,176-83;pleasure and,8,193-94
beautiful,the(kalon):and autonomy of ethical virtue,49;contemplation of,276n62;and courage,76;disappearance of,87-92;and equity,103-4,176,274n40;and greatness of soul,83,84;and the just,3-4,17-18,49,71,83-84,88,95,103,214;kalokagathia as union of the good and,85,208;love of as kind of self-love,76,175-76,213;and magnificence,82-83,251n32;and the mean,49,61,62,89,245n37;as model for sophia,130;and moderation,81-82,251n28;in opening statement of Nicomachean Ethics,14,230n1;procuring for oneself,274n39;seen as conventional,17-18,231n13;and self-sacrifice,103,175-76;shining forth in misfortune,40-41;as subject matter of theōria,214;as telos of virtue,49,50,69-92,128,240n3
Benardete,Seth,13,230n20,230n1,232n13,238n60,238n64,246115,248n13,264n20,266n30,269n4,270n12,275n48,276n54,277n64,283n29,287n52
Berg,Steven,277n62
Berman,Robert,270n15,279n8,286n48
Berns,Laurence,249n19
bestiality,133,135,146-48,265n20,265n23;and madness,146-47
boastfulness,86,222
Bodéüs,Richard,285n42
body:ethical virtues tied to,201-2;and physiological account of akrasia,142-43;soul in abstraction from,41,202;and shame,70-71
Bolotin,David,247n9,270n16
Brann,Eva,278n4
Brinkmann,Klaus,273n33
Broadie,Sarah,243n22
Bruell,Christopher,247n11,254n55,261n28
cave,the,132,283n32
character:pleasure and pain in formation of,53,190-91;virtues of,47-67.
Charmides(Plato),80,247n10,248n13,250n27
choice(prohairesis):as aiming at some good,14;choosing to live,195,279n8;correct choice in self-restraint,151;as deliberate desire of things within our power,65,114;in ethical virtue,48,59,69,76,87-88,112;and habituation,54-55;and the inquiry of the Nicomachean Ethics,207-8,230n1,283n34;and intellectual virtues,115-16;as principle of action,115;and rational part of soul,114-15;telos of,207-8;as union of desire and thought,115,116,174;and voluntary action,65-66;versus wanting or wishing(boulēsis),65,231n6,245n41
Churchill,Winston,20,233n20
city,the(polis):and the best regime,102,211,257n70,257n71;held together by bond of exchange,99;held together by bond of friendship,162,167-68;human good for individual and,17,121,211;justice in the soul and,92-105;man as political animal,286n46;as primary context of justice,100;relationships between ruler and ruled in,170-71,271n25,272n26;self-sufficiency of,28,235n39.
Collins,Susan,251n28,254n51
contemplation.See theōria
convention:versus nature,4,100-101,247n8,256n65;regarding the beautiful and the just,18,101-2;of sacrifice,101,256n16
Cooper,John,275n50,280n14,282n23
cosmos,the:and the good,14;greatness of soul as cosmos of the virtues,71-72,84;and the human ergon,31,35,43,239n72;and sophia,110,119,132
courage,73-80,221;accompanied by pain,74;versus cowardice,61,76,221,244n34,248n17;in face of greatest fear,40,75,79;and the mean,61,74,244n34,248n17;as knowledge for Socrates,5,6,68,77-78,79,128,250n23;and moderation as a pair,70,74;of the philosopher,73,78,95;political,71,75,77,90,133,249n19;versus rashness,61,76,221,244n34,248n17,250n26;for the sake of the beautiful,49,76,77,79;states that are likenesses of,71,74,76-79,269n11;as virtue of nonrational parts,70,74
Cox,Richard H.,229n13,229n16,249n20
Cratylus(Plato),256n65
crimes,97-98,149
Crisp,Roger,249n20
Croesus,38-39,204
Cropscy,Joseph,253n49
Curzer,Howard,280n15
Dante,265n22
Daube,David,245n40,257n72
Davis,Michael,229n18,231n5,257n71,264n20,267n37,278n67
De anima(Aristotle),142,194,202,237n51,238n59,263n13,268n3,282n25
death,39-40,75,178,205
decent person.See epieikēs(decent person)
deliberation:calculative faculty in,114;choice as end product of,65;and desire,114-15;and phronēsis,120,121,125,129;and understanding,122
Den Uyl,Douglas,253n48,260n20
desire(epithumia):akrasia as desire overcoming opinion,138,139,142,151;choice as deliberate,65,114,174;desire as part of non-rational soul that participates in logos,42-43,113-14;desiring mind or reason,81,82,115,174;harmonized with reason in virtuous disposition,81,115,173;infinite chain of,16,25,28,40;molding of,53;tbumos contrasted with,149;in tripartite soul in Repuhlic,259n7
determinate versus indeterminate,180,275n48
determinism,66-67
dialogue:Aristotelian treatises versus Platonic,2-3;dialogic self,161,182;as expression of rational and political nature,182;means of perceiving together(sunaistbanesthai),181-82,276n53
Dirlmeier,Franz,273n37
divine virtue,133,135,265n20
Eight Chapters(Maimonides),237n51,266n28,273n33
eirōneia.See irony(eirōneia)
Empedocles,163
energeia:atemporal,30,35,193;and friendship,177-78;god as,157,268n40;versus genesis or kinēsis,155,193,230n4;and the human ergon,15,32-34,42-43,57,124-25;life as kind of,180,195;pleasure as,155,157,193-96,278n6;in relation to erga,14-15,33,124-25,230n5;and sophia in production of happiness,124,125;theōria as,155,157,214.See also happiness as ienergeia of the soul in accordance with virtue;the human good as an energeia of the soul in accordance with virtue
epieikēs(decent person):internal harmony of,172,173;and righteous indignation,92;as self-lover,175;not susceptible to shame,90-91,252n41,263n11;taking less than his fair share,103-4,176,274n40.See also equity
epistēme(scientific knowledge),116-17;and first principles,118-19,124;phronēsis distinguished from,117;in practical syllogism,144;sophia as nous together with,119;as supposition,u6,118,259n10;trust required for,1i6,117;virtues as,127,128,261n28.See also“virtue is knowledge”
equity(epieikeia),90,91,104,122,224,256n67,258n76
ergon:as beyond energeia,14-15,33;and division of labor in organism or city,31,35;in the Repuhlic,236n47.See also human ergon
eros:and erotic relationships of the young,164-65,184;friendship compared with,183-89;and hunting,188,277n64;and the non-lover,184-86;and philosophy,81,115,164,174,183,188-89;references in Nicomachean Ethics,183,184,276n56;sight in,183,186-87;thumos and,276n54
ethical(moral)virtue,68-105,221-22;as activity in accordance with reason,237n52;the beautiful as telos of,49,69-92,128,240n3;choosing action because of itself,55,222;as disposition for choosing determined by logos as the prudent person would determine it,48,59,69,76,87-88;and division of the soul,43;fragmentation of,69-73;harmonizes desire with reason,81,115,173;in hierarchy ofvirtues,261n25;the mean in,48-49,56-62;and philosophy,3,73,78,81-82,241n7,251n28,251n31;and phronēsis,49,60,71-73,89,92,95,111-12,121,125-27,128,136;produced by habituation,51-56;as secondary happiness,202,212;self-interest as motive for,176;separated from intellectual virtue,4,6,43,48,51,60,111,214-15;of soul in abstraction from body,41;,41;as tied to the body,201-2;unfitting for gods,203;and vice seen as exhaustive alternatives,133-34.See also natural virtue;virtue;“virtue is knowledge”
eudaimonia.See happiness(eudaimonia)
Eudemian Ethics(Aristotle),235n38,249n21,251n35
Eudoxus,192,278n2,278n3
Euripides,158,163,174-75,177,268n41
Euthyphro(Plato),283n32
Faulkner,Robert,257n72
fear,70,71,74,75-76,79,221,246n5;versus confidence,74,76,79,221,250n26;versus fearlessness,76,88,221
Festugière,A.J.,267n31
final end,13-43;consequences of hypothesis of,15-16;happiness as,27,29,129,199,200;human good as,26-30;idea of the good as,25;phronēsis and,121;as selfsufficient,26,29;theōria as,199-200
fortune:as condition for happiness,37,38-41,205;pain at sight of undeserved good,91;virtue in face of mssfortune,23
Frank,Jill,255n61
friendship(philia),159-89;and Aristotle's critique of the idea of the good,24-25,159;and awareness of being alive,179-82,190;as bond that holds city together,162,167-68;complete or perfect,160,165-66,185,188;and concord,162,168;definitive features of,172;as dialogic,182;and enmity,166,270n18;and equality,169-71,185,186;eros compared
friendship(continued)
with,164-65,183-89;as expression of our political nature,167,177,182;of familyrelationships,170-71,272n26,272n28;the friend as an other self,8,160,167,171-74,181-82;of the good,163-66,168-69,170,185,188,270n16;and goodwill(eunoia),164,169,187;and greatness of soul,84,251n34;honor compared with,177,274n43;and justice,100,162,166-71;living together,183,187-89,214;natural argument for,179-83;natural root of,162;necessary for happiness,176-83;with oneself,174-76;of parental love,162,171,274n38;and perceiving together(sunaisthanesthai),181-82,276n53;and the philosophers devotion to truth,24-25,159-60;philosophical,8,160,170,188-89,200,268n2,271n24,277n66;of pleasure,164,165,177,185,186;political,162,168;reciprocity in,164,176-83,269n12;and relation of benefactor to beneficiary,179,272n29;and self-love,76.174-76,213,273n35,274n37;with slaves,171;species of,161-66;between unequal partners,169-71,186;of utility,164,165,177,185,186
Gauthier,René,280n14,282n22
Gildin,Hilail,247n11
god(s):as energeia,157,268n40;ethical virtue unfitting for,203;great-souled person compared with,251n31;jealousy of,39,201,204-5,280n17;pleasure turned into a god,156,157,158;reward from,9,206;theōria of,230
good,the:as definite,275n48;as dispersed among the categories,25;to the human good from,13-17;kalokagathia as union of the beautiful and 85,208;pleasure as,7,135,155-57,192-93,262n4,263n5,278n3;as telos not genesis,155;as that at which all things aim,14.See also human good,the;idea of the good
Gorgias(Plato),103,239n69,243n27,257n74
Gourevitch,Victor,247n11
greatness of soul(megalopsuchia),82-87,221;and ambition,74;as embodying the whole of virtue,71,72,83-84,88,127;and friendship,84,251n34;grandeur of,87;honor as concern of,22,83,84,85,86,177,251n33;kalokagathia required for,85;in misfortune,40-41;of the philosopher,95;self-sufficiency of,85,177;and suffering injustice voluntarily,103
Guerra,Marc,233n22,266n29
Guide of the Perplexed,The(Maimonides),228n11,256n66
habituation:akrasia acquired by habit,152,265n21;and demotic virtue,3,50,241n6;ethical virtue produced by,6,49-50,51-56,202,241n6;and moderation,81;natural virtue versus virtues of,261n25;phronēsis in,58;pleasure and pain in,53,191,242n14;psychic harmony produced by,174;and responsibility,51,66;and right-handed dominance,101;and shame,90;through law,208
Halper,Edward,237n52
happiness(eudaimonia),190-215;and being aware,8,176-83;and the best life,21-30;in complete life,27,30,33,35,36-41,124,198,199,204;contribution of phronēsis and sophia to,123-30;as energeia of the soul in accordance with virtue,41,48,177-78,198,199;and ethical virtue,48,201-2,239n1;exclusive versus inclusive conception of,8-9,29,201,235n41;as final end,27,29,129,199,200;fortune involved in,23,37,38-41;and the human good,19,27,30,37,124,198;and justice,37,93-94;pleasure associated with,37,156,198;primary and secondary,29,70,201-2,207,212;as self-sufficient,28-30,2oo,235n42;as sophia,109-10,129;in the theoretical life,23,29,198-207,212-14;virtue not sufficient for,91
Hardie,W.F.R.,235n41,280n14
Hector,76-77,133,248n18
hedonism,156,158,192,193,278n2
Heidegger,Martin,259n10,261n22
Heinaman,Robert,229n15,238n57
Heraclitus,119,163
Herodotus,38,204,231n13,283n30
heroic virtue.See divine virtue
Hesiod,21,32,42,156,196,207,214,233n25
Höffe,Otfried,241n11
Homer,40,75,76-77,133,161-62,170,209,234n32,248n18,268n4,284n39
honor:and ambition,87;as dependent on others,22,24,84-85;and end ofpolitical life.22;friendship compared with,177,274n43;greatness of soul concerned with,22,83,84,85,86,177,251n33;lack of restraint in pursuit of,145;love of,88,221;as motive of political courage,77,248n18;pleasure of,147;rejected as human good,22-23;smaller-scale virtues in sphere of,87-89;and sophia,119,124
Howland,Jacob,251n34,252n37
huhris,266n26
human argon:distinctive ergon for each part of soul,43;as energeia of the soul in accordance with logos,15,32-34,42-43,57;and ethical virtue,49,56-58,125;and exclusive versus inclusive conception of happiness,29;as form of life,33,34,35,36;the human good and,30-36,49,124-25,198;phronisis as virtue of,43,57;and practical reason,43,49,125;as practice of that which has logos,32,69,125;in Repuhlic,238n60;and species-defining pleasure,196-97
human good,the,11-43;as energeia of the soul in accordance with virtue,30,33,34,124,160,199;finality of,23,26-30;from the good to the,13-17;and happiness,19,27,30,37,124,198;and the human ergon,30-36,49,124-25,198;for individual and city,17,121,211;pleasure rejected as,22,53,154,191;in Polities,211;and politikē,16-17,19;theōria as,17
idea of the good,24-26,159;and Aristotle's critique of Plato's political model,235n37;in Repuhlic,132
ignorance:and involuntary action,64,66,67,102,245040,257n72;Socrates on wickedness and,64,66,136,138,141,144-45;Socrates'profession of,2,16,206,227n3;vice seen as,240n2;wonder arises from recognition of,286n49
Iliad(Homer),62,76-77,133,161-62,248n18
infinite,16,30,59,232n17
injustice:motive of,96;to oneself,102-5;suffering voluntarily,103;two forms of,95
intellectual virtue,109-30;acquired by experience or teaching,51,241n9;the distinct virtues,115-23;and division of the soul,43;and philosophy,5,116;and pivot of argument of the Ethics,109-12.See also phronisis(prudence);sophia(wisdom);virtue;“virtue is knowledge”
irony(eirōneia):and the art of phantastics,252n38;and greatness of soul,86,252n38;in Nicomachean Ethics,9,230n20;versus sincerity,86,222,252n39;Socrates'practice of,2,6,86-87,89,206,222,227n3,230n20,252n39;25vice,86,222,252n39
Irwin,Terence H,,235n38,238n63,263n8
J2ffa,Harry,235n37,245n39,246n7,248n17,261n25,270n19,274n43,277n66
Jolif,Jean Yves,280n14,282n22
justice,92-105;and autonomy of ethical virtue,49;and the beautiful,3-4,17-18,49,71,83-84,88,95,103,214;cl2ssification of,223-24;corrective,97-98,223;desire for punishment in,93,253n50;distributive,97,99,169,185,223,253n48;as embodying the whole ofvirtue,71,72,83,94,127,2711120;as expression of our political nature,93,167;and friendship,100,162,166-71;as full of“wsndering”72;greatness of soul compared with,83-84;and greed(pleonexia),92,103;and happiness,37,93-94;and the lawful,96,100,127,254n55;mathematics of,95-99;as a mean,92,102-3,253n46;by nature,72,99-102,255n63;and nemesis,91;as order of the soul,93-95,105,167;political,100,104,224;reciprocal,99,224,253n48,254n57,255n61;seen as conventional,18,101,102;simple,100,168,224,255n62;;in voluntary and involuntary transactions,97-98
kalokagathia,85,208,251n35
kalon.See beautiful,the(kalon)
Keyt,David,282n24
kingship,170,271n25,272n26
knowledge:determined by its objects,113;natural desire for,286n49;self-knowledge,62,141,287n49;virtuous action requires,54-See also ignorance;epistëmē(scientific knowledge)
Kraut,Richard,258n4,282n22
Laches(Plato),5,68,75,77-78,229n14,247n10,247n11,248n15,249n22
lack ofself-restraint.See akrasia(lack of self-restraint)
law:and convention versus nature,102,103,256n65;equity as corrective for generality of,91,104;gymnastics as model of,210;and habituation of citizens,41-42,51,208;the just and the lawful,96,100,258n76;the legislative art,207-11,285n43;and need for compulsion,209
Laws(Plato):on akrasia,265n21;on corrective justice,98,254n58;on hunting,277n64;on laws versus concord in the city,271n21;on molding of desire,47,242n15;on political justice,255n62;and Politics,211,285n43;on punishment for suicide,258n78;on slave doctor,242n17;and symposia,277n65;on young people and politics,232n16
Lear,Gabriel Richardson,281n19
Lear,Jonathan,268n40
liberality,74,82,221,251n30,251n31
life:the best,21-24,204-5,286n45;happiness in complete,27,35,36-41,124,198,199,204;human ergon as form of,33,34,35,36;as kind ofenergeia,180,195;pleasure as completing or perfecting,195,279n8;Solon's ranking of lives,39,204-5;the theoretical life,22,23,198-207,212-14;“unexamined life is not worth living,”33,56-57,141,154,172,179,196-97,198,212,275n46
Lockwood,Thornton,261n27
logos:acting in accordance with or by means of correct logos,52,82,87-88,89,112-13,127,237n52;desiring part of soul participates in,42-43,113;ethical virtue as disposition for choosing determined by logos,59,69,87-88,112;human ergon as energeia of the soul in accordance with,15,32-34,42-43,57;human ergon as practice of that which has,32,69,t25;taking refuge in,49-50,52,55,61,152,208;in technē,117
Lord,Carnes,285n43
love.See eros
Ludwig,Paul,266n26,271n22
Lysis(Plato),159,234n34,269n10,269n12,270n16,273n35
Machiavelli,Niccolò,233n25
magnificence(megaloprepeia),82-83;grandeur of,87;and liberality,74;of the philosopher,82,251n31
Mahdi,Muhsin,227n1,287n51
Maimonides,Moses,228n11,232n16,237n51,256n66,266n28,273n33
Mara,Gerald,249n21
mean,the:of anonymous virtues,87-89;versus arithmetic mean,57-58;and the beautiful,49,76,89,240n3;determined by phronēsis,48,58-59,69;discovered by stochastikē(guessing),58-59,120;in feelings and actions versus disposition of character,59-60,112,243n22,244n32;and habituation,52-53;justice as a mean,92,102-3,253n46;as measure of ethical virtue,56-62;as object of theōria,241n12;and the opportune,53,242n13;“second sailing”to,60-62;sincerity as representative of,86,252n39;work of art as model for,57
medical art:Maimonides on virtue and vice and,239n70;and the doctor of soul,41-42,55,62,132,210,238n69,239n70;and individual treatment,210;phronēsis as equivalent of,130
Meier,Heinrich,288n54
Meno(Plato):doctrine of recollection in,20;on origins of happiness,37;on origins of virtue,51,56,241n8;on teachability of virtue,241n9,284n41;on virtue as knowledge,240n2,241n9,261n28;on virtue as prudence,109
Metaphysics(Aristotle):being as subject of,230n3;on being thoroughly perplexed beautifully,234n30;on comprehensive versus precise or highest,251n33,259n12,281n18;on divine science,280n17;on god as energeia,157;on law of noncontradiction,118;on motion versus energeia,230n4;on origin of philosophy,286n49;Socrates in history of philosophy of,1-2;on starting from what is more knowable to us,232n19;on substance and essence,273n33;on teleios,236n44;on theoretical versus practical knowledge,260n16
methodos:as aiming at some good,14;of Nicomachean Ethics,17-21,230n1
Meyer,Susan Sauvé,246n42 Miller,Fred,235n41,253n48 mind(nous):and compulsion constitute law,209;desiring,115,174;as divine or most divine thing in us,199,201;first principles apprehended by,u8,119;as grasping both particulars and universals,260n22;as most truly human,201,281n19,281n21;and phronēsis,122-23,126,260n22;the self as,160-61,173-74,176,182,281n21;sight compared with.25,122,260n21;sophia as epistēmē together with,119;and soul,172-73,272n31,273n33,281n21
Minos(Plato),256n66
moderation(sōphrosunē),80-82,221;and courage as a pair,70,74;versus indulgence,61,80,81,140,221,244n34;versus insensibility,61,88,221,250n26;and the mean,61,80-81;philosophical,78,95;pleasure accompanies,74;the unambitious and,87
money,99,186.See also wealth
moral virtue.See ethical(moral)virtue
Nagel,Thomas,282n21
natural virtue(phusikē aretē),126-27,152,261n23,261n25,266n28
nature(phusis):ambiguity of,148;and determination of character,67;human nature as not self-sufficient regarding contemplation,203;just by nature,72,99-102,255n63,255n64;limits set on human capacity by,201,280n17;natural argument for friendship,179-83;natural root of friendship,162;physikōs account ofakrasia,142,143;pleasure as natural end,135;pleasure by nature,153-58;pleasures differentiated according to,80,147-48;rational and political human,159-61,189,214,229n18;turn to,7-8,132,135,158,246n6,262n2,263n5;and virtues,126-27;wicked,147,158,178
nemesis(righteous indignation),91-92,149,222,250n24,280n17
Nichols,Mary,257n71,267n37,280n12
nous.See mind(nous)
Nussbaum,Martha,281n20,238n63
Odyssey(Homer),62,209,245n37,268n4,284n39
Oedipus,91,253n43
Orestes(Euripides),158,174-75,177,268n41
Owen,G.E.L.,267n31
pain:activities impeded by,196;attraction to pleasure and aversion to,264n19;in character formation,190-91;courage accompanied by,74;pleasure independent from,155;pleasure sought to drive out,157-58;at sight of undeserved good fortune,91;and softness(malakia)or endurance(karteria),263n8.See also pleasure
Pakaluk,Michael,275n49
Pangle,Lorraine,270n17
Pangle,Thomas,256n68
Parens,Joshua,239n70
Pericles,7,8,111,112,118,283n26,284n41
perplexity,4,228n11,232n16,234n30,286n49
Phaedo(Plato),6,52,79,104,244n36
Phaedrus(Plato),184,277n63,280n13
Philehus(Plato),13,131,231n7,234n26,235n40,240n3,275n48,278n2,278n3,279n10
philia.See friendship(philia)
philosopher,the:courage of,73,78,95;desiring reason of,82;as doctor of soul,210;as great-souled,95;justice of,105;liberality of,82,251n31;and love of self as mind,176;as lover of wisdom,164,269n12;magnificence of,82,251n31;moderation of,78,95;in relation to friendship and truth,24-25,159-60;as true phronimos,129.See also pre-Socratic philosophers
philosophy:absent from intellectual virtues,5,116;and drinking together,188,277n65;and eros,81,115,164,174,183,188-89;and gymnastics,188,277n65;and hunting together,188,277n64;intellectual desire in,115origins of,286n49;paying back what is due in,169-70;as perceived from outside,205-6;philosophical friendship,8,160,170,188-89,200,268n2,271n24,276n53,277n66;pleasure of,198,199,200-201;Pythagoras on,234n26;references in Nicomachean Ethics,4-5,218-20;Socratic,112,128,130,213-14;and wisdom,5,130,199,200-1,206.See also political philosophy
phronēsis(prudence),120-22;versus cleverness,125,128,139,151,261n23;and deliberation,120,125;and determination of the mean,48,58-59,69;in discernment of particular situation,144;double face of,129;as embodying the whole of virtue,49,60,71-73,89,92,95,111-12,121,126-27;and equity,104,122;as equivalent of art of medicine,130;and good counsel(euboulia),120,121;in habituation,58;and human iergon,34,35,43,57,125;incompatible with akrasia,120,138,151-52,263n11;versus natural virtues,54,126-27;as necessary condition for virtue,49,127-28,136;and nous,122-23,126,260n22;as perfection of practical
phronēsis(continued)reason,111,114,116,123,129;philosopher as true phronimos,129;and plurality of virtues,60,126;and politikē,121,260n17;role of in ethical virtue,48-49,59,69,76,87-88,112;Socrates on,49,71,73,109,111,127-28,136-38,152,261n26;Socratic phronēsis and Socratic philosophy,112;sophia compared with,7,110,111-12,120,121-22,123,124,129-30,259n10;as split between city and individual,121;of the statesman,129;theoretical knowledge required for,117;and theoretical life,202;as tied to the body,201;and understanding(sunesis),122
phusis.See nature(phusis)
Physics(Aristotle),232n19,247n9
Plato:Aristotelian treatises versus dialogues of,2-3,72-73,215,228n12;eros in thought of,276n54;and idea of the good,24-26;references in Nicomachean Ethics,4-5,20,215,218-20,232n18,278n3;in relation to Socrates,4-5,55-56,215,288n55.See also Platonic dialogues by name
playfulness,198,280n13
pleasure(s):and being aware,8,176-83,193-94;classification of,146-47,225-26;as completing or perfecting life,195,279n8;of contemplation,155,157,158;continuous,194-95;curative,157-58;cyclopean,146;as differing in form,195-97;distinctly human,196-97;as energeia,155,157,193-96,278n6;in experience of akrasia,142-45;friendship based on,164,165,177,185,186;as a genesis,155;as the good,7,135,155-57,192-93,262n4,263n5,278n3;as a god,156,157,158;in habituation,53,190-91,242n14;;happiness associated with,37,156,198;inseparable from life,195,279n9;judged as bad,156-57,191-92,206;as natural end,135;nature in differentiation of,80,147-48;beyond necessary and natural,145-50;necessary and unnecessary,146-47,264n19;of philosophy,198,199,200-201;rejected as human good,22,53,154,191;shameful pleasures,193,197;spoudaios as standard of,196-97;as supervening telos,194,279n7;various sources of,22,23-24,193,196;what it is,193-97
Poetics(Aristotle),91
polis.See city,the(polis)
political philosophy:and distributive justice,97,254n56;and human philosophy,211,286n47;pleasure and pain as subject of,153,266n29;political science replaced by,7-8,153,2u,266n29;in relation to philosophy,214,288n54;Socrates as founder of,9,230n20
political science:See politikē
politics;See politikē
Politics(Aristotle):on the best city,2n,257n71,285n45;on city and household,170-71,272n27;on Cyclops,284n39;on distributive justice,97;on human as worst of animals,146;and the human good,17;on man as political animal,286n46;and Nicomachean Ethics,17,210-11,228n6,247n8,285n44;on self-sufficiency of the ipolis,235n39;on Socrates'city in Republic,94,235n37;on thaonos and eros,271n21
politikē(politics or political science):as architectonic,16-17;demoted as highest,uo,119-20;and the human good,16-17,19;Nicomachean Ethics as,17,210;and phronēsis,121,260n17;political life,22-23,204,214,285n45;political nature of human beings,159-61,167,177,182;replaced by political philosophy,7-8,153,211,226n29;as unsuitable for youth,18-19,232n16.See also law;political philosophy,statesman(politikos)
Posterior Analytics(Aristotle),25an37
practical reason:and akrasia,140-45;and human ergon,34-35,43,49,125;as instrumental,236n48,237n52,258n4,282n24;phronēsis as perfection of,111,114,116,123,129;and practical syllogism,120,240-45,263n13;theoretical reason distinguished from,281n21
praise and blame,7,51,56,63,68,239n70,262n1
praxis.See action(praxis)
precision,35-36,42,52,92,104,119,259n11,264n14
pre-Socratic philosophers:Anaxagoras,7,8,31,111,112,120,203,205,236n50,283n26;Heraclitus,119,163;and paradox of theoretical activity,213,214,274n41;Pythagoreans,99,234n26,275n48;Thales,7,8,109,111,112,120,205-6,283n26,283n31
Priam,35,38,133
Protagoras(Plato),131,243n25,249n21,250n23,262n4
prudence.See phronēsis(prudence)
psychē.See soul(psychē)
punishment,51,93,96,98,114,122,253n50,254n57
Ranasinghe,Nalin,255n60
Rasmussen,Douglas,253n48
reason:desiring,81-82,115,174;harmonized with desire in virtuous disposition,81,115,173;and the human ergon,32,43;nonrational distinguished from rational psychē,41-43,111,112-15;rational and political human nature,159-61,189;selfinitiating versus obedience to,21,32,42,113.See also logos;;practical reason
Reeve,C.D.C.,233n24,261n22
Republic(Plato):Aristotle's criticism of best regime in,235n37;the cave,132,283n32;correspondence of city and soul in,238n69;on enmity,270n18;and gymnastics,277n65;on happiness of the whole,94,254n52;on Homer,234n32;on human ergon,236n47,238n60,242n20;on idea of the good,132;on justice,68-69,94,96,105;myth of Er,240n5;on the precise,259n11;on soul pursuing the good,273n36;on thumos,244n33;tripartite soul in,259n7;on virtues of the soul as habits of the body,202
responsibility:and choice,65-66,114;and habituation,51,66;and voluntary action,62-67
rhetoric,59,208,210,284n36,284n42
Rhetoric(Aristotle),90
righteous indignation(nemesis),91-92,149,222,250n24,280n17
Roche,Timothy,237n55
Rorty,Amélie,264n15,282n22,283n26
Sachs,Joe,240n3
Salkever,Steven,260n17
Saxonhouse,Arlene,228n12
Schaefer,David,263n7,263n13,264n16
“second sailing,”52,61-62,244n36
self,the:dialogic,161,182;the friend as an other self,8.160,167,171-83;as an ideal,273n34;internal harmony and possibility of,171-74;as mind,160-61,173-74,176,182;reciprocal self-awareness,176-83
self-restraint(enkrateia):as abiding by true opinion,137;compared with virtue,132;as health of the soul,130;justice in the soul as,105,167;Maimonides on,266n28;and resistance of desire to logos,42.See also akrasia(lack of self-restraint)
self-sufficiency(autarkeia):of an activity,28,269n5;of the city,28,100,200;ofgreatsouled individual,85,177;of happiness,28-30;as independence from others,29,200;and necessity of friendship,177,276n51;of theoretical life,85,161,200-201,203
Sensen,Kathryn,264n18,272n30
serious person.See spoudaios(serious person)
sexual desire(apbrodisia),3,80,145,146,155,265n21
shame,89-91,222;as aischunē versus(aidōs),90,252n41;denied status of virtue,70-71;as feeling,71,246n5;and greatsouled person,84;and justice,93;in political courage,76,77,90,133;shameful pleasures,193,197;as suitable to youth,89-90,252n41
sight,25,80,122,183,186-87,260n21
Sitte,Martin,252n37
Smith,Thomas,233n24,274n43,287n53
Socrates:on akrasia,136-38,144-45,152;corrupting the youth,18,110,240n2;on courage as knowledge,77-78;on demotic virtue,3,50,73,241n6,247n10;as exemplar of courage,79;as founder of political philosophy,9,230n20;as great-souled,252n37;as intellectualist,215;irony practiced by,2,6,86-87,89,206,222,227n3,230n20,252n39;on midwifery and pandering,98,255n60;on phronēsis,49,71,73,109,111,127-28,136-38,152,261n26;profession of knowledge of ignorance,2,16,206,227n3;references in Nicomachean Ethics,4-5,6,78,135,136,219-20,229n13,229n16;in relation to Plato,5-6,55-56,215,288n55;“second sailing”of,52,61-62,244n36;Socratic phronēsis and Socratic philosophy,112;Socratic question ofNicomachean Ethics,1-9,212-15;and suffering injustice voluntarily,103;on suicide,104;taking refuge in logoi,52,
Socrates(continued)55,61,152,208;theoretical life compared with that of,110,214;and the rum to human things,1-2,227n2;on wickedness and ignorance,64,66,136,138,141,144-45.See also“unexamined life is not worth living”;“virtue is knowledge”;and Platonic dialogues by name
Solon,38-39,203,204-5,238n64,280n17,283n29,283n30
sophia(wisdom),119-20;beauty as model for,130;as comprehensive and precise or highest knowledge,110,119,124;and the energeia that produces happiness,124,125;happiness as,109-10,129;idealization of,124,206;as nous together with epistēmē,n9;as perfection of theoretical reason,111,116,123,129;and philosophy,5.130,199,200-201,206;phronēsis compared with,7,110,111-12,120,121-22,123,124,129-30,259n10;ofpre-Socratic philosophers,213,214.
Sophist(Plato),232n18,234n30,262n31,277n64
sophistry,55,139,151,208,210,284n42
soul(psychē):in abstraction from body,41,202;calculative(logistikon)distinguished from scientific(epistēmonikon)part of the rational soul,113,114,125,259n7;correspondence of city and,238n69;and cosmos,31-32,239n72;functional parts of,35,43,113-14;justice in the city and,92-105;nonrational distinguished from rational psychē,41-43,111,112-15;replaced by mind,172-73,272n31,273n33,281n21;tripartite soul in Republic,259n7.See also happiness as energeia of the soul in accordance with virtue;human ergon as energeia of the soul in accordance with logos;human good as energeia of the soul in accordance with virtue
Sparshott,Francis,244n29,276n52
speeches:and action,2,9,52,208,227n4;and deeds,9,18,47,214;and Socrates'lifelong activity,128;and sophists,55,210,284n36.See also dialogue;logos
Speliotis,Evanthia,247n8
spiritedness.See thumos(anger;spiritedness)
spoudaios(serious person):appeal to authority of,33,154,172,179,196-97,198,275n46;and human ergon,32-33,34,56,242n21;internal harmony of,172;in natural argument for friendship,178,179;and playfulness,198;self-sacrifice by,175
statesman(politikos):aims to make citizens law-abiding,41-42,62,93,238n69;as doctor of soul,41-42,62,132,238n69,239n70;phronēsis of,129
Statesman(Plato),47-48,68,243n25,248n15,260n13,260n19,280n13
Stern-Gillet,Suzanne,273n34
Strauss,Leo,228n8,234n33,241n7,246n2,247n10,255n64,263n5,271n21,271n24,284n36,285n43,287n52,288n55
suicide,95,104-5,195,258n78
Swanson,Judith,268n2
Symposium(Plato),86,269n7,270n17,274n39,276n62,277n64
Symposium(Xenophon),255n60
technē,as aiming at some good,14;as error-free,117,259n11,phronēsis and praxis distinguished from,117
Tessitore,Aristide,228n1o,229n13,236n45,266n29,267n33,268n42,272n28,274n37,279n9,283n27
Thales:See pre-Socratic philosophers
Theaetetus(Plato),109,110,190,227n4,258n1,283n27
Theognis,179,284n41
theōria:as chosen for its own sake,29,85,199-200,202,213;contemplation of the beautiful,276n62;contemplation of the mean,57;contemplation of the prudent,117-18;as energeia,155,157,214;in exclusive conception of happiness,8,29,201;external goods required for,202-4;of gods,203;as final end,199-200;as happiness in primary sense,29,202,212-13;paradox of,212-13,274n41;pleasure of,155,157,158;political equivalent of,17,211,285n45;practical reason distinguished from,281n21;self-sufficiency of,85,161,200-201,203;sophia as perfection of theoretical reason,111;theoretical life,22,23,198-207,212-14;theoretical life compared with Socratic philosophy,9,110,214
Thomas Aquinas,254n53,254n57,256n67,267n38,276n51
Thucydides,252n36
thumos(anger;spiritedness):akrasia in regard to.145,148-50,262n1;and courage,78-79,246n6,250n24,250n25;desire contrasted with,149;and desire for punishment,98,253n50;and eros,276n54;and great-souled individual,84;pleasure that comes with satisfaction of,266n26;poetic figures in,265n24;and psychology of Republic,244n33,259n7
tragedy,64,91,147,245n40
truth:philosopher's devotion to,24-25,159-60;various ways that soul reaches,116
tyrant,63,251n27,251n30,269n7,271n25
“unexamined life is not worth living,”141,212
Urmson,J.O.,243n24,243n27
Velkley,Richard,259n9,287n49
vice:and akrasia,136,148,150,173;curability of,140,150;and virtue seen as exhaustive alternatives,133-34
virtue(aretē):in accordance with or by means of correct logos,52,82,87-88,89,112-13,127,237n52;of character,47-67;demotic,3,50,73;as end of political life,22-23;energeia of the soul in accordance with,33,34,37,41,48,49,51,124,160,177-78,198,199,202;hierarchy of,261n25;and happiness,48,239n1;and human ergon,33,34,49,60;phenomenology of,72;rejected as human good,23,24;separation of ethical from intellectual,4,6,43,48,51,60,111,214-15;unity of,71-72,83-84,127.See also ethical(moral)virtue;intellectual virtue
“virtue is knowledge”:Aristotle's critique of,5-7,50;Aristotle's partial acceptance of,48,128,136;applied to courage,77-78,250n23;ethical virtues and,48,49-50,215;Eudemian Ethics on,249n21;as overturning conventional morality,6;and punishment,98;and Socrates'alleged corruption of the young,240n2;and teachability of virtue,241n9,284n41;and vice in relation to akrasia,150
voluntary versus involuntary action,51,62-67,102,257n72
Walsh,Germaine,273n32
Ward,Lee,249n19
Warner,Stuart,251n30
wealth,37,82,253-54;and life ofmoneymaking,23
Whiting,Jennifer,281n21
why versus that,3-4,20,33,70
Wilkes,Kathleen,236n48
Winthrop,Delba,253n49,271n20
wisdom.See sophia(wisdom)
wittiness,70,88,89,222
wonder,200-201,286n49
Works and Days(Hesiod),21,156,233n25
Xenophon,255n60,284n36
Yack,Bernard,255n61,255n64
youth:aidōs as suitable for,90,252n41;corruption of,18,110,232n16;erotic relationships of,164-65,184;habituated through pleasure and pain,190-91;and study of politikē,18-19,232n16
Zuckert,Catherine,288n55
西方传统:经典与解释
古今丛编
撒路斯特与政治史学
刘小枫 编
民主的本性——托克维尔的政治哲学
[法]马南 著
希罗多德的王霸之辨
吴小锋 编/译
梅尔维尔的政治哲学——《切雷诺》及其解读
李小均 编/译
第二代智术师——罗马帝国早期的文化现象
安德森 著
英雄诗系笺释
[古希腊]荷马 著
统治的热望
——修昔底德笔下的阿尔喀比亚德和帝国政治
[美]福特 著
席勒美学的哲学背景
[美]维塞尔 著
雅典谐剧与逻各斯
——《云》中的修辞、谐剧性及语言暴力
[美]奥里根 著
莱园哲人伊壁鸠鲁
罗晓颖 选编
托尔斯泰与陀思妥耶夫斯基(第一卷·生平与创作)
[俄]梅列日科夫斯基 著
托尔斯泰与陀思妥耶夫斯基(第二卷·宗教思想)
[俄]梅列日科夫斯基 著
自传性反思
[德]沃格林 著
黑格尔与普世秩序
[美]希克斯 等著
新的方式与制度——马基雅维利的《论李维》研究
[美]曼斯菲尔德 著
论埃及神学与哲学——伊希斯与俄赛里斯
[古希腊]普鲁塔克 著
凯撒的剑与笔
李世祥 编/译
纪念苏格拉底——哈曼文选
刘新利 选编
西方传统:经典与解释
Classici et Commentarii
HERMES
刘小枫◎主编
科耶夫的新拉丁帝国
[法]科耶夫 等著
夜颂中的革命和宗教——诺瓦利斯选集卷一
[德]诺瓦利斯 著
大革命与诗话小说——诺瓦利斯选集卷二
[德]诺瓦利斯 著
《利维坦》附录
[英]霍布斯 著
巨人与侏儒
[美]布鲁姆 著
或此或彼(上、下)
[丹麦]基尔克果 著
海德格尔与有限性思想(重订版)
刘小枫 选编
海德格尔式的现代神学
刘小枫 选编
走向古典诗学之路
——相遇与反思:与伯纳德特聚谈
[美]伯格 编
论宗教大法官的传说
[俄]罗赞诺夫 著
上帝国的信息
[德]拉加茨 著
双重束缚
[美]基拉尔 著
俄耳甫斯教祷歌
吴雅凌 编译
俄耳甫斯教辑语
吴雅凌 编译
黑格尔的观念论
[美]皮平 著
古今之争中的核心问题
[德]迈尔 著
浪漫派风格——施莱格尔批评文集
[德]施莱格尔 著
神圣的罪业
[美]伯纳德特 著
论永恒的智慧
[德]苏索 蓍
宗教经验种种
[美]詹姆斯 著
尼采反卢梭
[美]凯斯·安塞尔-皮尔逊 著
施米特对自由主义的批判
[美]约翰·麦考米克 著
舍勒思想评述
[美]弗林斯 著
诗与哲学之争
[美]罗森 著
基督教理论与现代
[德]特洛尔奇 著
亚历山大的克雷蒙
[意]塞尔瓦托·利拉 著
伊壁鸠鲁主义的政治哲学
[意]詹姆斯·尼古拉斯 著
神圣与世俗
[罗]伊利亚德 著
中世纪的心灵之旅——波纳文图拉神学著作选
[意]圣·波纳文图拉 著
弓弦与竖琴——从柏拉图解读《奥德赛》
[美]伯纳德特 著
墙上的书写——尼采与基督教
[德]洛维特/沃格林 等著
论古人的智慧
[英]培根 著
希伯莱圣经历代注疏
希腊化世界中的犹太人
[英]威尔逊 著
第一亚当和第二亚当
[德]朋霍费尔 著
卢梭注疏集
哲学的自传——卢梭的《孤独漫步者的遐思》
[法]卢梭 著
文学与道德杂篇
[法]卢梭 著
设计论证——卢梭的《社会契约论》
[美]吉尔丁 著
卢梭的自然状态
[美]普拉特纳 等著
卢梭的榜样人生——作为政治哲学的《忏悔录》
[美]凯利 著
柏拉图注疏集
论柏拉图对话
[德]施莱尔马赫 著
神话诗人柏拉图
张文涛 选编
人应该如何生活
[美]布鲁姆 著
阿尔喀比亚德
[古希腊]柏拉图 著
叙拉古的雅典异乡人——柏拉图《书简七》探豳
彭磊 选编
阿威罗伊论《王制》
[阿拉伯]阿威罗伊 著
《王制》要义
刘小枫 选编
柏拉图的《会饮》
[古希腊]柏拉图 等著
苏格拉底的申辩
[古希腊]柏拉图 著
苏格拉底与政治共同体
[美]尼科尔斯 著
柏拉图《法义》疏解
[美]潘戈 著
《法义》导读
[法]卡斯代尔·布舒奇 著
论真理的本质
[德]海德格尔 著
哲人的无知
[德]费勃 著
米诺斯
[古希腊]柏拉图 著
亚里士多德注疏集
尼各马可伦理学义疏——亚里士多德与苏格拉底的对
[美]伯格 著
哲学之诗——亚里士多德《诗学》解诂
[美]戴维斯 著
对亚里士多德的现象学解释
[德]海德格尔 著
城邦与自然——亚里士多德与现代性
刘小枫 编
论诗术中篇义疏
[阿拉伯]阿威罗伊 著
哲学的政治——亚里士多德《政治学》疏证
[美]戴维斯 著
莱辛注疏集
汉堡剧评
[德]莱辛 著
关于悲剧的通信
[德]莱辛 著
《智者纳坦》研究版
[德]莱辛 等著
启蒙运动的内在问题——莱辛思想再释
[美]维塞尔 著
莱辛剧作七种
[德]莱辛 著
历史与启示——莱辛神学文选
[德]莱辛 著
论人类的教育——莱辛政治哲学文选
[德]莱辛 著
色诺芬注疏集
居鲁士的教育
[古希腊]色诺芬 著
驯服欲望——施特劳斯笔下的色诺芬撰述
[法]科耶夫 等著
论僭政——色诺芬《希耶罗》义疏
[美]施特劳斯 著
色诺芬的《会饮》
[古希腊]色诺芬 著
施特劳斯集
哲学与律法——论迈蒙尼德及其先驱
[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著
迫害与写作艺术
[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著
柏拉图式政治哲学研究
[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著
阅读施特劳斯
[美]斯密什 著
《会饮》讲疏
[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著
柏拉图《法义》的论辩与情节
[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著
什么是政治哲学
[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著
古典政治理性主义的重生
[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著
犹太哲人与启蒙——施特劳斯演讲与论文集:卷一
[美]列奥·施特劳斯著
苏格拉底问题与现代性
——施特劳斯演讲与论文集:卷二
[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著
回归古典政治哲学——施特劳斯通信集
[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著
隐匿的对话——施米特与施特劳斯
[德]迈尔 著
苏格拉底与阿里斯托芬
[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著
尼采注疏集
尼采的使命——《善恶的彼岸》绎读
[美]朗佩特 著
尼采与现时代——解读培根、笛卡尔与尼采
[美]朗佩特 著
动物与超人之间的绳索
[德]A.彼珀 著
维吉尔注疏集
《埃涅阿斯纪》章义
王承教 选编
维吉尔的帝国
阿德勒 著
品达注疏集
幽暗的诱惑——品达,晦涩与古典传统
[美]汉密尔顿 著
新约历代经解
属灵的寓意
[古罗马]俄里根 著
赫西俄德集
神谱笺释
吴雅凌 撰
赫西俄德:神话之艺
[法]居代·德·拉孔波 等著
赫拉克勒斯之盾笺释
罗逍然 译笺
莎士比亚绎读
莎士比亚笔下的爱与友谊
[美]布鲁姆 著
莎士比亚戏剧与政治哲学
彭磊 选编
莎士比亚的政治盛典
[美]阿鲁里斯/苏利文 编
丹麦王子与马基雅维利
罗峰 选编
古希腊诗歌丛编
阿尔戈英雄纪
[古希腊]阿波罗尼俄斯 著
但丁集
但丁的圣约书
[美]霍金斯 著
美国宪政与古典传统
美国1787年宪法讲疏
[美]阿纳斯塔普罗 著
修昔底德集
修昔底德笔下的演说
[美]斯塔特 著
古希腊政治理论
格雷纳 著
中国传统:经典与解释
Classici et Commentarii
刘小枫 陈少明◎主编
中国传统:经典与解释
冬练三时传旧火——港台学人论方以智
邢益海 编
药地炮庄
[明]方以智 著
周礼疑义辩证
陈衍 撰
经学通论
[清]皮锡瑞 著
韩愈志
钱基博 著
论语辑释
陈大齐 著
《庄子·天下篇》注疏四种
张丰乾 编
荀子的辩说
陈文洁 著
古学经子——十一朝学术史述林
王锦民 著
经学以自治——王闿运春秋学思想研究
刘少虎 著
《铎书》校注
孙尚扬 肖清和 等校注
大学素质教育读本
古典诗文绎读 西学卷·古代编(上、下)
古典诗文绎读 西学卷·现代编(上、下)
经典与解释辑刊(刘小枫陈少明主编
1 柏拉图的哲学戏剧
2 经典与解释的张力
3 康德与启蒙
4 荷尔德林的新神话
5 古典传统与自由教育
6 卢梭的苏格拉底主义
7 赫尔墨斯的计谋
8 苏格拉底问题
9 美德可教吗
10 马基雅维利的喜剧
11 回想托克维尔
12 阅读的德性
13 色诺芬的品味
14 政治哲学中的摩西
15 诗学解诂
16 柏拉图的真伪
17 修昔底德的春秋笔法
18 血气与政治
19 索福克勒斯与雅典启蒙
20 犹太教中的柏拉图门徒
21 莎士比亚笔下的王者
22 政治哲学中的莎士比亚
23 治治生活的限度与满足
24 雅典民主的谐剧
25 维柯与古今之争
26 霍布斯的修辞
27 埃斯库罗斯的神义论
28 施莱尔马赫的柏拉图
29 奥林匹亚的荣耀
30 笛卡尔的精灵
31 柏拉图与天人政治
32 海德格尔的政治时刻
33 荷马笔下的伦理
34 格劳秀斯与国际正义
35 西塞罗的苏格拉底
36 基尔克果的哲学与政治