索引

索引

Achtenberg,Deborah,244n31

Ackrill,J.L.,235n42

action(praxis):as aiming at some good,14;choice as principle of,115;chosen because of itself,54;energeia and,14,15;ofthe inquiry itself,19,52,206-7,208,230n1,283n34,283n35;motion contrasted with,230n4;not an end in itself,202,282n24;versus production,15,117;technē and theōria contrasted with,117

akrasia(lack of self-restraint),135-53;acquired by habit,152,265n21;compared with softness(malakia)and endurance(karteria),263n8;as conflict between desire and deliberation,42,114;as desire overcoming opinion,138,139,142,151;as disease of the soul,130;expanded beyond necessary or natural pleasures,145-50;and homosexuality,265n21;incompatible with phronēsis,138,151-52,263n11;indulgence compared with,140,142,145,148,150-51;and need for habituation,55,152;and order of the soul,105;physiological versus logical account of,142,143;and failure of practical reason,140-45,263n13,264n15;in regard to thumos,148-50,262n1;Socrates on,136-40;and vice,136,148,150,173;weak versus impetuous,264n17

Alcibiades,85-86,87,252n36,252n37

Alfarabi,1,227n1,229n12,231n11,233n21,239n70,257n69,261n23,261n29,266n28,285n43,286n47,287n51

ambidexterity versus right-handed dominance,101,102,256n67,256n68

ambition,74,87

Anaxagoras,7,8,31,111,112,120,203,205,236n50,283n26

anger.See thumos(anger;spiritedness)

Annas,Julia,268n39,273n35

aphrodisia(sexual desire),3,80,145,146,155,265n21

Apology(Plato),212,227n2,240n2

Aquinas,Thomas,254n53,254n57,255n63,256n67,267n38,276n51

Aristophanes,89,269n7,270n17,277n62

Aristotle.See treatises of Aristotle hy name

Aubenque,Pierre,271n23

audience ofthe Nicomachean Ethics,3-4,7,17-21,70,132,214,228n10,233n24,285n42

awareness:as being alive in fullest sense,8,157,195;happiness and reciprocal self-awareness,176-83;pleasure and,8,193-94

beautiful,the(kalon):and autonomy of ethical virtue,49;contemplation of,276n62;and courage,76;disappearance of,87-92;and equity,103-4,176,274n40;and greatness of soul,83,84;and the just,3-4,17-18,49,71,83-84,88,95,103,214;kalokagathia as union of the good and,85,208;love of as kind of self-love,76,175-76,213;and magnificence,82-83,251n32;and the mean,49,61,62,89,245n37;as model for sophia,130;and moderation,81-82,251n28;in opening statement of Nicomachean Ethics,14,230n1;procuring for oneself,274n39;seen as conventional,17-18,231n13;and self-sacrifice,103,175-76;shining forth in misfortune,40-41;as subject matter of theōria,214;as telos of virtue,49,50,69-92,128,240n3

Benardete,Seth,13,230n20,230n1,232n13,238n60,238n64,246115,248n13,264n20,266n30,269n4,270n12,275n48,276n54,277n64,283n29,287n52

Berg,Steven,277n62

Berman,Robert,270n15,279n8,286n48

Berns,Laurence,249n19

bestiality,133,135,146-48,265n20,265n23;and madness,146-47

boastfulness,86,222

Bodéüs,Richard,285n42

body:ethical virtues tied to,201-2;and physiological account of akrasia,142-43;soul in abstraction from,41,202;and shame,70-71

Bolotin,David,247n9,270n16

Brann,Eva,278n4

Brinkmann,Klaus,273n33

Broadie,Sarah,243n22

Bruell,Christopher,247n11,254n55,261n28

cave,the,132,283n32

character:pleasure and pain in formation of,53,190-91;virtues of,47-67.

Charmides(Plato),80,247n10,248n13,250n27

choice(prohairesis):as aiming at some good,14;choosing to live,195,279n8;correct choice in self-restraint,151;as deliberate desire of things within our power,65,114;in ethical virtue,48,59,69,76,87-88,112;and habituation,54-55;and the inquiry of the Nicomachean Ethics,207-8,230n1,283n34;and intellectual virtues,115-16;as principle of action,115;and rational part of soul,114-15;telos of,207-8;as union of desire and thought,115,116,174;and voluntary action,65-66;versus wanting or wishing(boulēsis),65,231n6,245n41

Churchill,Winston,20,233n20

city,the(polis):and the best regime,102,211,257n70,257n71;held together by bond of exchange,99;held together by bond of friendship,162,167-68;human good for individual and,17,121,211;justice in the soul and,92-105;man as political animal,286n46;as primary context of justice,100;relationships between ruler and ruled in,170-71,271n25,272n26;self-sufficiency of,28,235n39.

Collins,Susan,251n28,254n51

contemplation.See theōria

convention:versus nature,4,100-101,247n8,256n65;regarding the beautiful and the just,18,101-2;of sacrifice,101,256n16

Cooper,John,275n50,280n14,282n23

cosmos,the:and the good,14;greatness of soul as cosmos of the virtues,71-72,84;and the human ergon,31,35,43,239n72;and sophia,110,119,132

courage,73-80,221;accompanied by pain,74;versus cowardice,61,76,221,244n34,248n17;in face of greatest fear,40,75,79;and the mean,61,74,244n34,248n17;as knowledge for Socrates,5,6,68,77-78,79,128,250n23;and moderation as a pair,70,74;of the philosopher,73,78,95;political,71,75,77,90,133,249n19;versus rashness,61,76,221,244n34,248n17,250n26;for the sake of the beautiful,49,76,77,79;states that are likenesses of,71,74,76-79,269n11;as virtue of nonrational parts,70,74

Cox,Richard H.,229n13,229n16,249n20

Cratylus(Plato),256n65

crimes,97-98,149

Crisp,Roger,249n20

Croesus,38-39,204

Cropscy,Joseph,253n49

Curzer,Howard,280n15

Dante,265n22

Daube,David,245n40,257n72

Davis,Michael,229n18,231n5,257n71,264n20,267n37,278n67

De anima(Aristotle),142,194,202,237n51,238n59,263n13,268n3,282n25

death,39-40,75,178,205

decent person.See epieikēs(decent person)

deliberation:calculative faculty in,114;choice as end product of,65;and desire,114-15;and phronēsis,120,121,125,129;and understanding,122

Den Uyl,Douglas,253n48,260n20

desire(epithumia):akrasia as desire overcoming opinion,138,139,142,151;choice as deliberate,65,114,174;desire as part of non-rational soul that participates in logos,42-43,113-14;desiring mind or reason,81,82,115,174;harmonized with reason in virtuous disposition,81,115,173;infinite chain of,16,25,28,40;molding of,53;tbumos contrasted with,149;in tripartite soul in Repuhlic,259n7

determinate versus indeterminate,180,275n48

determinism,66-67

dialogue:Aristotelian treatises versus Platonic,2-3;dialogic self,161,182;as expression of rational and political nature,182;means of perceiving together(sunaistbanesthai),181-82,276n53

Dirlmeier,Franz,273n37

divine virtue,133,135,265n20

Eight Chapters(Maimonides),237n51,266n28,273n33

eirōneia.See irony(eirōneia

Empedocles,163

energeia:atemporal,30,35,193;and friendship,177-78;god as,157,268n40;versus genesis or kinēsis,155,193,230n4;and the human ergon,15,32-34,42-43,57,124-25;life as kind of,180,195;pleasure as,155,157,193-96,278n6;in relation to erga,14-15,33,124-25,230n5;and sophia in production of happiness,124,125;theōria as,155,157,214.See also happiness as ienergeia of the soul in accordance with virtue;the human good as an energeia of the soul in accordance with virtue

epieikēs(decent person):internal harmony of,172,173;and righteous indignation,92;as self-lover,175;not susceptible to shame,90-91,252n41,263n11;taking less than his fair share,103-4,176,274n40.See also equity

epistēme(scientific knowledge),116-17;and first principles,118-19,124;phronēsis distinguished from,117;in practical syllogism,144;sophia as nous together with,119;as supposition,u6,118,259n10;trust required for,1i6,117;virtues as,127,128,261n28.See also“virtue is knowledge”

equity(epieikeia),90,91,104,122,224,256n67,258n76

ergon:as beyond energeia,14-15,33;and division of labor in organism or city,31,35;in the Repuhlic,236n47.See also human ergon

eros:and erotic relationships of the young,164-65,184;friendship compared with,183-89;and hunting,188,277n64;and the non-lover,184-86;and philosophy,81,115,164,174,183,188-89;references in Nicomachean Ethics,183,184,276n56;sight in,183,186-87;thumos and,276n54

ethical(moral)virtue,68-105,221-22;as activity in accordance with reason,237n52;the beautiful as telos of,49,69-92,128,240n3;choosing action because of itself,55,222;as disposition for choosing determined by logos as the prudent person would determine it,48,59,69,76,87-88;and division of the soul,43;fragmentation of,69-73;harmonizes desire with reason,81,115,173;in hierarchy ofvirtues,261n25;the mean in,48-49,56-62;and philosophy,3,73,78,81-82,241n7,251n28,251n31;and phronēsis,49,60,71-73,89,92,95,111-12,121,125-27,128,136;produced by habituation,51-56;as secondary happiness,202,212;self-interest as motive for,176;separated from intellectual virtue,4,6,43,48,51,60,111,214-15;of soul in abstraction from body,41;,41;as tied to the body,201-2;unfitting for gods,203;and vice seen as exhaustive alternatives,133-34.See also natural virtue;virtue;“virtue is knowledge”

eudaimonia.See happiness(eudaimonia

Eudemian Ethics(Aristotle),235n38,249n21,251n35

Eudoxus,192,278n2,278n3

Euripides,158,163,174-75,177,268n41

Euthyphro(Plato),283n32

Faulkner,Robert,257n72

fear,70,71,74,75-76,79,221,246n5;versus confidence,74,76,79,221,250n26;versus fearlessness,76,88,221

Festugière,A.J.,267n31

final end,13-43;consequences of hypothesis of,15-16;happiness as,27,29,129,199,200;human good as,26-30;idea of the good as,25;phronēsis and,121;as selfsufficient,26,29;theōria as,199-200

fortune:as condition for happiness,37,38-41,205;pain at sight of undeserved good,91;virtue in face of mssfortune,23

Frank,Jill,255n61

friendship(philia),159-89;and Aristotle's critique of the idea of the good,24-25,159;and awareness of being alive,179-82,190;as bond that holds city together,162,167-68;complete or perfect,160,165-66,185,188;and concord,162,168;definitive features of,172;as dialogic,182;and enmity,166,270n18;and equality,169-71,185,186;eros compared

friendship(continued
with,164-65,183-89;as expression of our political nature,167,177,182;of familyrelationships,170-71,272n26,272n28;the friend as an other self,8,160,167,171-74,181-82;of the good,163-66,168-69,170,185,188,270n16;and goodwill(eunoia),164,169,187;and greatness of soul,84,251n34;honor compared with,177,274n43;and justice,100,162,166-71;living together,183,187-89,214;natural argument for,179-83;natural root of,162;necessary for happiness,176-83;with oneself,174-76;of parental love,162,171,274n38;and perceiving together(sunaisthanesthai),181-82,276n53;and the philosophers devotion to truth,24-25,159-60;philosophical,8,160,170,188-89,200,268n2,271n24,277n66;of pleasure,164,165,177,185,186;political,162,168;reciprocity in,164,176-83,269n12;and relation of benefactor to beneficiary,179,272n29;and self-love,76.174-76,213,273n35,274n37;with slaves,171;species of,161-66;between unequal partners,169-71,186;of utility,164,165,177,185,186

Gauthier,René,280n14,282n22

Gildin,Hilail,247n11

god(s):as energeia,157,268n40;ethical virtue unfitting for,203;great-souled person compared with,251n31;jealousy of,39,201,204-5,280n17;pleasure turned into a god,156,157,158;reward from,9,206;theōria of,230

good,the:as definite,275n48;as dispersed among the categories,25;to the human good from,13-17;kalokagathia as union of the beautiful and 85,208;pleasure as,7,135,155-57,192-93,262n4,263n5,278n3;as telos not genesis,155;as that at which all things aim,14.See also human good,the;idea of the good

Gorgias(Plato),103,239n69,243n27,257n74

Gourevitch,Victor,247n11

greatness of soul(megalopsuchia),82-87,221;and ambition,74;as embodying the whole of virtue,71,72,83-84,88,127;and friendship,84,251n34;grandeur of,87;honor as concern of,22,83,84,85,86,177,251n33;kalokagathia required for,85;in misfortune,40-41;of the philosopher,95;self-sufficiency of,85,177;and suffering injustice voluntarily,103

Guerra,Marc,233n22,266n29

Guide of the Perplexed,The(Maimonides),228n11,256n66

habituation:akrasia acquired by habit,152,265n21;and demotic virtue,3,50,241n6;ethical virtue produced by,6,49-50,51-56,202,241n6;and moderation,81;natural virtue versus virtues of,261n25;phronēsis in,58;pleasure and pain in,53,191,242n14;psychic harmony produced by,174;and responsibility,51,66;and right-handed dominance,101;and shame,90;through law,208

Halper,Edward,237n52

happiness(eudaimonia),190-215;and being aware,8,176-83;and the best life,21-30;in complete life,27,30,33,35,36-41,124,198,199,204;contribution of phronēsis and sophia to,123-30;as energeia of the soul in accordance with virtue,41,48,177-78,198,199;and ethical virtue,48,201-2,239n1;exclusive versus inclusive conception of,8-9,29,201,235n41;as final end,27,29,129,199,200;fortune involved in,23,37,38-41;and the human good,19,27,30,37,124,198;and justice,37,93-94;pleasure associated with,37,156,198;primary and secondary,29,70,201-2,207,212;as self-sufficient,28-30,2oo,235n42;as sophia,109-10,129;in the theoretical life,23,29,198-207,212-14;virtue not sufficient for,91

Hardie,W.F.R.,235n41,280n14

Hector,76-77,133,248n18

hedonism,156,158,192,193,278n2

Heidegger,Martin,259n10,261n22

Heinaman,Robert,229n15,238n57

Heraclitus,119,163

Herodotus,38,204,231n13,283n30

heroic virtue.See divine virtue

Hesiod,21,32,42,156,196,207,214,233n25

Höffe,Otfried,241n11

Homer,40,75,76-77,133,161-62,170,209,234n32,248n18,268n4,284n39

honor:and ambition,87;as dependent on others,22,24,84-85;and end ofpolitical life.22;friendship compared with,177,274n43;greatness of soul concerned with,22,83,84,85,86,177,251n33;lack of restraint in pursuit of,145;love of,88,221;as motive of political courage,77,248n18;pleasure of,147;rejected as human good,22-23;smaller-scale virtues in sphere of,87-89;and sophia,119,124

Howland,Jacob,251n34,252n37

huhris,266n26

human argon:distinctive ergon for each part of soul,43;as energeia of the soul in accordance with logos,15,32-34,42-43,57;and ethical virtue,49,56-58,125;and exclusive versus inclusive conception of happiness,29;as form of life,33,34,35,36;the human good and,30-36,49,124-25,198;phronisis as virtue of,43,57;and practical reason,43,49,125;as practice of that which has logos,32,69,125;in Repuhlic,238n60;and species-defining pleasure,196-97

human good,the,11-43;as energeia of the soul in accordance with virtue,30,33,34,124,160,199;finality of,23,26-30;from the good to the,13-17;and happiness,19,27,30,37,124,198;and the human ergon,30-36,49,124-25,198;for individual and city,17,121,211;pleasure rejected as,22,53,154,191;in Polities,211;and politikē,16-17,19;theōria as,17

idea of the good,24-26,159;and Aristotle's critique of Plato's political model,235n37;in Repuhlic,132

ignorance:and involuntary action,64,66,67,102,245040,257n72;Socrates on wickedness and,64,66,136,138,141,144-45;Socrates'profession of,2,16,206,227n3;vice seen as,240n2;wonder arises from recognition of,286n49

Iliad(Homer),62,76-77,133,161-62,248n18

infinite,16,30,59,232n17

injustice:motive of,96;to oneself,102-5;suffering voluntarily,103;two forms of,95

intellectual virtue,109-30;acquired by experience or teaching,51,241n9;the distinct virtues,115-23;and division of the soul,43;and philosophy,5,116;and pivot of argument of the Ethics,109-12.See also phronisis(prudence);sophia(wisdom);virtue;“virtue is knowledge”

irony(eirōneia):and the art of phantastics,252n38;and greatness of soul,86,252n38;in Nicomachean Ethics,9,230n20;versus sincerity,86,222,252n39;Socrates'practice of,2,6,86-87,89,206,222,227n3,230n20,252n39;25vice,86,222,252n39

Irwin,Terence H,,235n38,238n63,263n8

J2ffa,Harry,235n37,245n39,246n7,248n17,261n25,270n19,274n43,277n66

Jolif,Jean Yves,280n14,282n22

justice,92-105;and autonomy of ethical virtue,49;and the beautiful,3-4,17-18,49,71,83-84,88,95,103,214;cl2ssification of,223-24;corrective,97-98,223;desire for punishment in,93,253n50;distributive,97,99,169,185,223,253n48;as embodying the whole ofvirtue,71,72,83,94,127,2711120;as expression of our political nature,93,167;and friendship,100,162,166-71;as full of“wsndering”72;greatness of soul compared with,83-84;and greed(pleonexia),92,103;and happiness,37,93-94;and the lawful,96,100,127,254n55;mathematics of,95-99;as a mean,92,102-3,253n46;by nature,72,99-102,255n63;and nemesis,91;as order of the soul,93-95,105,167;political,100,104,224;reciprocal,99,224,253n48,254n57,255n61;seen as conventional,18,101,102;simple,100,168,224,255n62;;in voluntary and involuntary transactions,97-98

kalokagathia,85,208,251n35

kalon.See beautiful,the(kalon)

Keyt,David,282n24

kingship,170,271n25,272n26

knowledge:determined by its objects,113;natural desire for,286n49;self-knowledge,62,141,287n49;virtuous action requires,54-See also ignorance;epistëmē(scientific knowledge)

Kraut,Richard,258n4,282n22

Laches(Plato),5,68,75,77-78,229n14,247n10,247n11,248n15,249n22

lack ofself-restraint.See akrasia(lack of self-restraint)

law:and convention versus nature,102,103,256n65;equity as corrective for generality of,91,104;gymnastics as model of,210;and habituation of citizens,41-42,51,208;the just and the lawful,96,100,258n76;the legislative art,207-11,285n43;and need for compulsion,209

Laws(Plato):on akrasia,265n21;on corrective justice,98,254n58;on hunting,277n64;on laws versus concord in the city,271n21;on molding of desire,47,242n15;on political justice,255n62;and Politics,211,285n43;on punishment for suicide,258n78;on slave doctor,242n17;and symposia,277n65;on young people and politics,232n16

Lear,Gabriel Richardson,281n19

Lear,Jonathan,268n40

liberality,74,82,221,251n30,251n31

life:the best,21-24,204-5,286n45;happiness in complete,27,35,36-41,124,198,199,204;human ergon as form of,33,34,35,36;as kind ofenergeia,180,195;pleasure as completing or perfecting,195,279n8;Solon's ranking of lives,39,204-5;the theoretical life,22,23,198-207,212-14;“unexamined life is not worth living,”33,56-57,141,154,172,179,196-97,198,212,275n46

Lockwood,Thornton,261n27

logos:acting in accordance with or by means of correct logos,52,82,87-88,89,112-13,127,237n52;desiring part of soul participates in,42-43,113;ethical virtue as disposition for choosing determined by logos,59,69,87-88,112;human ergon as energeia of the soul in accordance with,15,32-34,42-43,57;human ergon as practice of that which has,32,69,t25;taking refuge in,49-50,52,55,61,152,208;in technē,117

Lord,Carnes,285n43

love.See eros

Ludwig,Paul,266n26,271n22

Lysis(Plato),159,234n34,269n10,269n12,270n16,273n35

Machiavelli,Niccolò,233n25

magnificence(megaloprepeia),82-83;grandeur of,87;and liberality,74;of the philosopher,82,251n31

Mahdi,Muhsin,227n1,287n51

Maimonides,Moses,228n11,232n16,237n51,256n66,266n28,273n33

Mara,Gerald,249n21

mean,the:of anonymous virtues,87-89;versus arithmetic mean,57-58;and the beautiful,49,76,89,240n3;determined by phronēsis,48,58-59,69;discovered by stochastikē(guessing),58-59,120;in feelings and actions versus disposition of character,59-60,112,243n22,244n32;and habituation,52-53;justice as a mean,92,102-3,253n46;as measure of ethical virtue,56-62;as object of theōria,241n12;and the opportune,53,242n13;“second sailing”to,60-62;sincerity as representative of,86,252n39;work of art as model for,57

medical art:Maimonides on virtue and vice and,239n70;and the doctor of soul,41-42,55,62,132,210,238n69,239n70;and individual treatment,210;phronēsis as equivalent of,130

Meier,Heinrich,288n54

Meno(Plato):doctrine of recollection in,20;on origins of happiness,37;on origins of virtue,51,56,241n8;on teachability of virtue,241n9,284n41;on virtue as knowledge,240n2,241n9,261n28;on virtue as prudence,109

Metaphysics(Aristotle):being as subject of,230n3;on being thoroughly perplexed beautifully,234n30;on comprehensive versus precise or highest,251n33,259n12,281n18;on divine science,280n17;on god as energeia,157;on law of noncontradiction,118;on motion versus energeia,230n4;on origin of philosophy,286n49;Socrates in history of philosophy of,1-2;on starting from what is more knowable to us,232n19;on substance and essence,273n33;on teleios,236n44;on theoretical versus practical knowledge,260n16

methodos:as aiming at some good,14;of Nicomachean Ethics,17-21,230n1

Meyer,Susan Sauvé,246n42 Miller,Fred,235n41,253n48 mind(nous):and compulsion constitute law,209;desiring,115,174;as divine or most divine thing in us,199,201;first principles apprehended by,u8,119;as grasping both particulars and universals,260n22;as most truly human,201,281n19,281n21;and phronēsis,122-23,126,260n22;the self as,160-61,173-74,176,182,281n21;sight compared with.25,122,260n21;sophia as epistēmē together with,119;and soul,172-73,272n31,273n33,281n21

Minos(Plato),256n66

moderation(sōphrosunē),80-82,221;and courage as a pair,70,74;versus indulgence,61,80,81,140,221,244n34;versus insensibility,61,88,221,250n26;and the mean,61,80-81;philosophical,78,95;pleasure accompanies,74;the unambitious and,87

money,99,186.See also wealth

moral virtue.See ethical(moral)virtue

Nagel,Thomas,282n21

natural virtue(phusikē aretē),126-27,152,261n23,261n25,266n28

nature(phusis):ambiguity of,148;and determination of character,67;human nature as not self-sufficient regarding contemplation,203;just by nature,72,99-102,255n63,255n64;limits set on human capacity by,201,280n17;natural argument for friendship,179-83;natural root of friendship,162;physikōs account ofakrasia,142,143;pleasure as natural end,135;pleasure by nature,153-58;pleasures differentiated according to,80,147-48;rational and political human,159-61,189,214,229n18;turn to,7-8,132,135,158,246n6,262n2,263n5;and virtues,126-27;wicked,147,158,178

nemesis(righteous indignation),91-92,149,222,250n24,280n17

Nichols,Mary,257n71,267n37,280n12

nous.See mind(nous

Nussbaum,Martha,281n20,238n63

Odyssey(Homer),62,209,245n37,268n4,284n39

Oedipus,91,253n43

Orestes(Euripides),158,174-75,177,268n41

Owen,G.E.L.,267n31

pain:activities impeded by,196;attraction to pleasure and aversion to,264n19;in character formation,190-91;courage accompanied by,74;pleasure independent from,155;pleasure sought to drive out,157-58;at sight of undeserved good fortune,91;and softness(malakia)or endurance(karteria),263n8.See also pleasure

Pakaluk,Michael,275n49

Pangle,Lorraine,270n17

Pangle,Thomas,256n68

Parens,Joshua,239n70

Pericles,7,8,111,112,118,283n26,284n41

perplexity,4,228n11,232n16,234n30,286n49

Phaedo(Plato),6,52,79,104,244n36

Phaedrus(Plato),184,277n63,280n13

Philehus(Plato),13,131,231n7,234n26,235n40,240n3,275n48,278n2,278n3,279n10

philia.See friendship(philia

philosopher,the:courage of,73,78,95;desiring reason of,82;as doctor of soul,210;as great-souled,95;justice of,105;liberality of,82,251n31;and love of self as mind,176;as lover of wisdom,164,269n12;magnificence of,82,251n31;moderation of,78,95;in relation to friendship and truth,24-25,159-60;as true phronimos,129.See also pre-Socratic philosophers

philosophy:absent from intellectual virtues,5,116;and drinking together,188,277n65;and eros,81,115,164,174,183,188-89;and gymnastics,188,277n65;and hunting together,188,277n64;intellectual desire in,115origins of,286n49;paying back what is due in,169-70;as perceived from outside,205-6;philosophical friendship,8,160,170,188-89,200,268n2,271n24,276n53,277n66;pleasure of,198,199,200-201;Pythagoras on,234n26;references in Nicomachean Ethics,4-5,218-20;Socratic,112,128,130,213-14;and wisdom,5,130,199,200-1,206.See also political philosophy

phronēsis(prudence),120-22;versus cleverness,125,128,139,151,261n23;and deliberation,120,125;and determination of the mean,48,58-59,69;in discernment of particular situation,144;double face of,129;as embodying the whole of virtue,49,60,71-73,89,92,95,111-12,121,126-27;and equity,104,122;as equivalent of art of medicine,130;and good counsel(euboulia),120,121;in habituation,58;and human iergon,34,35,43,57,125;incompatible with akrasia,120,138,151-52,263n11;versus natural virtues,54,126-27;as necessary condition for virtue,49,127-28,136;and nous,122-23,126,260n22;as perfection of practical

phronēsis(continued)reason,111,114,116,123,129;philosopher as true phronimos,129;and plurality of virtues,60,126;and politikē,121,260n17;role of in ethical virtue,48-49,59,69,76,87-88,112;Socrates on,49,71,73,109,111,127-28,136-38,152,261n26;Socratic phronēsis and Socratic philosophy,112;sophia compared with,7,110,111-12,120,121-22,123,124,129-30,259n10;as split between city and individual,121;of the statesman,129;theoretical knowledge required for,117;and theoretical life,202;as tied to the body,201;and understanding(sunesis),122

phusis.See nature(phusis)

Physics(Aristotle),232n19,247n9

Plato:Aristotelian treatises versus dialogues of,2-3,72-73,215,228n12;eros in thought of,276n54;and idea of the good,24-26;references in Nicomachean Ethics,4-5,20,215,218-20,232n18,278n3;in relation to Socrates,4-5,55-56,215,288n55.See also Platonic dialogues by name

playfulness,198,280n13

pleasure(s):and being aware,8,176-83,193-94;classification of,146-47,225-26;as completing or perfecting life,195,279n8;of contemplation,155,157,158;continuous,194-95;curative,157-58;cyclopean,146;as differing in form,195-97;distinctly human,196-97;as energeia,155,157,193-96,278n6;in experience of akrasia,142-45;friendship based on,164,165,177,185,186;as a genesis,155;as the good,7,135,155-57,192-93,262n4,263n5,278n3;as a god,156,157,158;in habituation,53,190-91,242n14;;happiness associated with,37,156,198;inseparable from life,195,279n9;judged as bad,156-57,191-92,206;as natural end,135;nature in differentiation of,80,147-48;beyond necessary and natural,145-50;necessary and unnecessary,146-47,264n19;of philosophy,198,199,200-201;rejected as human good,22,53,154,191;shameful pleasures,193,197;spoudaios as standard of,196-97;as supervening telos,194,279n7;various sources of,22,23-24,193,196;what it is,193-97

Poetics(Aristotle),91

polis.See city,the(polis)

political philosophy:and distributive justice,97,254n56;and human philosophy,211,286n47;pleasure and pain as subject of,153,266n29;political science replaced by,7-8,153,2u,266n29;in relation to philosophy,214,288n54;Socrates as founder of,9,230n20

political science:See politikē

politics;See politikē

Politics(Aristotle):on the best city,2n,257n71,285n45;on city and household,170-71,272n27;on Cyclops,284n39;on distributive justice,97;on human as worst of animals,146;and the human good,17;on man as political animal,286n46;and Nicomachean Ethics,17,210-11,228n6,247n8,285n44;on self-sufficiency of the ipolis,235n39;on Socrates'city in Republic,94,235n37;on thaonos and eros,271n21

politikē(politics or political science):as architectonic,16-17;demoted as highest,uo,119-20;and the human good,16-17,19;Nicomachean Ethics as,17,210;and phronēsis,121,260n17;political life,22-23,204,214,285n45;political nature of human beings,159-61,167,177,182;replaced by political philosophy,7-8,153,211,226n29;as unsuitable for youth,18-19,232n16.See also law;political philosophy,statesman(politikos

Posterior Analytics(Aristotle),25an37

practical reason:and akrasia,140-45;and human ergon,34-35,43,49,125;as instrumental,236n48,237n52,258n4,282n24;phronēsis as perfection of,111,114,116,123,129;and practical syllogism,120,240-45,263n13;theoretical reason distinguished from,281n21

praise and blame,7,51,56,63,68,239n70,262n1

praxis.See action(praxis

precision,35-36,42,52,92,104,119,259n11,264n14

pre-Socratic philosophers:Anaxagoras,7,8,31,111,112,120,203,205,236n50,283n26;Heraclitus,119,163;and paradox of theoretical activity,213,214,274n41;Pythagoreans,99,234n26,275n48;Thales,7,8,109,111,112,120,205-6,283n26,283n31

Priam,35,38,133

Protagoras(Plato),131,243n25,249n21,250n23,262n4

prudence.See phronēsis(prudence)

psychē.See soul(psychē

punishment,51,93,96,98,114,122,253n50,254n57

Ranasinghe,Nalin,255n60

Rasmussen,Douglas,253n48

reason:desiring,81-82,115,174;harmonized with desire in virtuous disposition,81,115,173;and the human ergon,32,43;nonrational distinguished from rational psychē,41-43,111,112-15;rational and political human nature,159-61,189;selfinitiating versus obedience to,21,32,42,113.See also logos;;practical reason

Reeve,C.D.C.,233n24,261n22

Republic(Plato):Aristotle's criticism of best regime in,235n37;the cave,132,283n32;correspondence of city and soul in,238n69;on enmity,270n18;and gymnastics,277n65;on happiness of the whole,94,254n52;on Homer,234n32;on human ergon,236n47,238n60,242n20;on idea of the good,132;on justice,68-69,94,96,105;myth of Er,240n5;on the precise,259n11;on soul pursuing the good,273n36;on thumos,244n33;tripartite soul in,259n7;on virtues of the soul as habits of the body,202

responsibility:and choice,65-66,114;and habituation,51,66;and voluntary action,62-67

rhetoric,59,208,210,284n36,284n42

Rhetoric(Aristotle),90

righteous indignation(nemesis),91-92,149,222,250n24,280n17

Roche,Timothy,237n55

Rorty,Amélie,264n15,282n22,283n26

Sachs,Joe,240n3

Salkever,Steven,260n17

Saxonhouse,Arlene,228n12

Schaefer,David,263n7,263n13,264n16

“second sailing,”52,61-62,244n36

self,the:dialogic,161,182;the friend as an other self,8.160,167,171-83;as an ideal,273n34;internal harmony and possibility of,171-74;as mind,160-61,173-74,176,182;reciprocal self-awareness,176-83

self-restraint(enkrateia):as abiding by true opinion,137;compared with virtue,132;as health of the soul,130;justice in the soul as,105,167;Maimonides on,266n28;and resistance of desire to logos,42.See also akrasia(lack of self-restraint)

self-sufficiency(autarkeia):of an activity,28,269n5;of the city,28,100,200;ofgreatsouled individual,85,177;of happiness,28-30;as independence from others,29,200;and necessity of friendship,177,276n51;of theoretical life,85,161,200-201,203

Sensen,Kathryn,264n18,272n30

serious person.See spoudaios(serious person)

sexual desire(apbrodisia),3,80,145,146,155,265n21

shame,89-91,222;as aischunē versus(aidōs),90,252n41;denied status of virtue,70-71;as feeling,71,246n5;and greatsouled person,84;and justice,93;in political courage,76,77,90,133;shameful pleasures,193,197;as suitable to youth,89-90,252n41

sight,25,80,122,183,186-87,260n21

Sitte,Martin,252n37

Smith,Thomas,233n24,274n43,287n53

Socrates:on akrasia,136-38,144-45,152;corrupting the youth,18,110,240n2;on courage as knowledge,77-78;on demotic virtue,3,50,73,241n6,247n10;as exemplar of courage,79;as founder of political philosophy,9,230n20;as great-souled,252n37;as intellectualist,215;irony practiced by,2,6,86-87,89,206,222,227n3,230n20,252n39;on midwifery and pandering,98,255n60;on phronēsis,49,71,73,109,111,127-28,136-38,152,261n26;profession of knowledge of ignorance,2,16,206,227n3;references in Nicomachean Ethics,4-5,6,78,135,136,219-20,229n13,229n16;in relation to Plato,5-6,55-56,215,288n55;“second sailing”of,52,61-62,244n36;Socratic phronēsis and Socratic philosophy,112;Socratic question ofNicomachean Ethics,1-9,212-15;and suffering injustice voluntarily,103;on suicide,104;taking refuge in logoi,52,

Socrates(continued)55,61,152,208;theoretical life compared with that of,110,214;and the rum to human things,1-2,227n2;on wickedness and ignorance,64,66,136,138,141,144-45.See also“unexamined life is not worth living”;“virtue is knowledge”;and Platonic dialogues by name

Solon,38-39,203,204-5,238n64,280n17,283n29,283n30

sophia(wisdom),119-20;beauty as model for,130;as comprehensive and precise or highest knowledge,110,119,124;and the energeia that produces happiness,124,125;happiness as,109-10,129;idealization of,124,206;as nous together with epistēmē,n9;as perfection of theoretical reason,111,116,123,129;and philosophy,5.130,199,200-201,206;phronēsis compared with,7,110,111-12,120,121-22,123,124,129-30,259n10;ofpre-Socratic philosophers,213,214.

Sophist(Plato),232n18,234n30,262n31,277n64

sophistry,55,139,151,208,210,284n42

soul(psychē):in abstraction from body,41,202;calculative(logistikon)distinguished from scientific(epistēmonikon)part of the rational soul,113,114,125,259n7;correspondence of city and,238n69;and cosmos,31-32,239n72;functional parts of,35,43,113-14;justice in the city and,92-105;nonrational distinguished from rational psychē,41-43,111,112-15;replaced by mind,172-73,272n31,273n33,281n21;tripartite soul in Republic,259n7.See also happiness as energeia of the soul in accordance with virtue;human ergon as energeia of the soul in accordance with logos;human good as energeia of the soul in accordance with virtue

Sparshott,Francis,244n29,276n52

speeches:and action,2,9,52,208,227n4;and deeds,9,18,47,214;and Socrates'lifelong activity,128;and sophists,55,210,284n36.See also dialogue;logos

Speliotis,Evanthia,247n8

spiritedness.See thumos(anger;spiritedness)

spoudaios(serious person):appeal to authority of,33,154,172,179,196-97,198,275n46;and human ergon,32-33,34,56,242n21;internal harmony of,172;in natural argument for friendship,178,179;and playfulness,198;self-sacrifice by,175

statesman(politikos):aims to make citizens law-abiding,41-42,62,93,238n69;as doctor of soul,41-42,62,132,238n69,239n70;phronēsis of,129

Statesman(Plato),47-48,68,243n25,248n15,260n13,260n19,280n13

Stern-Gillet,Suzanne,273n34

Strauss,Leo,228n8,234n33,241n7,246n2,247n10,255n64,263n5,271n21,271n24,284n36,285n43,287n52,288n55

suicide,95,104-5,195,258n78

Swanson,Judith,268n2

Symposium(Plato),86,269n7,270n17,274n39,276n62,277n64

Symposium(Xenophon),255n60

technē,as aiming at some good,14;as error-free,117,259n11,phronēsis and praxis distinguished from,117

Tessitore,Aristide,228n1o,229n13,236n45,266n29,267n33,268n42,272n28,274n37,279n9,283n27

Thales:See pre-Socratic philosophers

Theaetetus(Plato),109,110,190,227n4,258n1,283n27

Theognis,179,284n41

theōria:as chosen for its own sake,29,85,199-200,202,213;contemplation of the beautiful,276n62;contemplation of the mean,57;contemplation of the prudent,117-18;as energeia,155,157,214;in exclusive conception of happiness,8,29,201;external goods required for,202-4;of gods,203;as final end,199-200;as happiness in primary sense,29,202,212-13;paradox of,212-13,274n41;pleasure of,155,157,158;political equivalent of,17,211,285n45;practical reason distinguished from,281n21;self-sufficiency of,85,161,200-201,203;sophia as perfection of theoretical reason,111;theoretical life,22,23,198-207,212-14;theoretical life compared with Socratic philosophy,9,110,214

Thomas Aquinas,254n53,254n57,256n67,267n38,276n51

Thucydides,252n36

thumos(anger;spiritedness):akrasia in regard to.145,148-50,262n1;and courage,78-79,246n6,250n24,250n25;desire contrasted with,149;and desire for punishment,98,253n50;and eros,276n54;and great-souled individual,84;pleasure that comes with satisfaction of,266n26;poetic figures in,265n24;and psychology of Republic,244n33,259n7

tragedy,64,91,147,245n40

truth:philosopher's devotion to,24-25,159-60;various ways that soul reaches,116

tyrant,63,251n27,251n30,269n7,271n25

“unexamined life is not worth living,”141,212

Urmson,J.O.,243n24,243n27

Velkley,Richard,259n9,287n49

vice:and akrasia,136,148,150,173;curability of,140,150;and virtue seen as exhaustive alternatives,133-34

virtue(aretē):in accordance with or by means of correct logos,52,82,87-88,89,112-13,127,237n52;of character,47-67;demotic,3,50,73;as end of political life,22-23;energeia of the soul in accordance with,33,34,37,41,48,49,51,124,160,177-78,198,199,202;hierarchy of,261n25;and happiness,48,239n1;and human ergon,33,34,49,60;phenomenology of,72;rejected as human good,23,24;separation of ethical from intellectual,4,6,43,48,51,60,111,214-15;unity of,71-72,83-84,127.See also ethical(moral)virtue;intellectual virtue

“virtue is knowledge”:Aristotle's critique of,5-7,50;Aristotle's partial acceptance of,48,128,136;applied to courage,77-78,250n23;ethical virtues and,48,49-50,215;Eudemian Ethics on,249n21;as overturning conventional morality,6;and punishment,98;and Socrates'alleged corruption of the young,240n2;and teachability of virtue,241n9,284n41;and vice in relation to akrasia,150

voluntary versus involuntary action,51,62-67,102,257n72

Walsh,Germaine,273n32

Ward,Lee,249n19

Warner,Stuart,251n30

wealth,37,82,253-54;and life ofmoneymaking,23

Whiting,Jennifer,281n21

why versus that,3-4,20,33,70

Wilkes,Kathleen,236n48

Winthrop,Delba,253n49,271n20

wisdom.See sophia(wisdom)

wittiness,70,88,89,222

wonder,200-201,286n49

Works and Days(Hesiod),21,156,233n25

Xenophon,255n60,284n36

Yack,Bernard,255n61,255n64

youth:aidōs as suitable for,90,252n41;corruption of,18,110,232n16;erotic relationships of,164-65,184;habituated through pleasure and pain,190-91;and study of politikē,18-19,232n16

Zuckert,Catherine,288n55

西方传统:经典与解释

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[美]普拉特纳 等著

卢梭的榜样人生——作为政治哲学的《忏悔录》

[美]凯利 著

柏拉图注疏集

论柏拉图对话

[德]施莱尔马赫 著

神话诗人柏拉图

张文涛 选编

人应该如何生活

[美]布鲁姆 著

阿尔喀比亚德

[古希腊]柏拉图 著

叙拉古的雅典异乡人——柏拉图《书简七》探豳

彭磊 选编

阿威罗伊论《王制》

[阿拉伯]阿威罗伊 著

《王制》要义

刘小枫 选编

柏拉图的《会饮》

[古希腊]柏拉图 等著

苏格拉底的申辩

[古希腊]柏拉图 著

苏格拉底与政治共同体

[美]尼科尔斯 著

柏拉图《法义》疏解

[美]潘戈 著

《法义》导读

[法]卡斯代尔·布舒奇 著

论真理的本质

[德]海德格尔 著

哲人的无知

[德]费勃 著

米诺斯

[古希腊]柏拉图 著

亚里士多德注疏集

尼各马可伦理学义疏——亚里士多德与苏格拉底的对

[美]伯格 著

哲学之诗——亚里士多德《诗学》解诂

[美]戴维斯 著

对亚里士多德的现象学解释

[德]海德格尔 著

城邦与自然——亚里士多德与现代性

刘小枫 编

论诗术中篇义疏

[阿拉伯]阿威罗伊 著

哲学的政治——亚里士多德《政治学》疏证

[美]戴维斯 著

莱辛注疏集

汉堡剧评

[德]莱辛 著

关于悲剧的通信

[德]莱辛 著

《智者纳坦》研究版

[德]莱辛 等著

启蒙运动的内在问题——莱辛思想再释

[美]维塞尔 著

莱辛剧作七种

[德]莱辛 著

历史与启示——莱辛神学文选

[德]莱辛 著

论人类的教育——莱辛政治哲学文选

[德]莱辛 著

色诺芬注疏集

居鲁士的教育

[古希腊]色诺芬 著

驯服欲望——施特劳斯笔下的色诺芬撰述

[法]科耶夫 等著

论僭政——色诺芬《希耶罗》义疏

[美]施特劳斯 著

色诺芬的《会饮》

[古希腊]色诺芬 著

施特劳斯集

哲学与律法——论迈蒙尼德及其先驱

[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著

迫害与写作艺术

[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著

柏拉图式政治哲学研究

[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著

阅读施特劳斯

[美]斯密什 著

《会饮》讲疏

[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著

柏拉图《法义》的论辩与情节

[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著

什么是政治哲学

[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著

古典政治理性主义的重生

[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著

犹太哲人与启蒙——施特劳斯演讲与论文集:卷一

[美]列奥·施特劳斯著

苏格拉底问题与现代性

——施特劳斯演讲与论文集:卷二

[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著

回归古典政治哲学——施特劳斯通信集

[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著

隐匿的对话——施米特与施特劳斯

[德]迈尔 著

苏格拉底与阿里斯托芬

[美]列奥·施特劳斯 著

尼采注疏集

尼采的使命——《善恶的彼岸》绎读

[美]朗佩特 著

尼采与现时代——解读培根、笛卡尔与尼采

[美]朗佩特 著

动物与超人之间的绳索

[德]A.彼珀 著

维吉尔注疏集

《埃涅阿斯纪》章义

王承教 选编

维吉尔的帝国

阿德勒 著

品达注疏集

幽暗的诱惑——品达,晦涩与古典传统

[美]汉密尔顿 著

新约历代经解

属灵的寓意

[古罗马]俄里根 著

赫西俄德集

神谱笺释

吴雅凌 撰

赫西俄德:神话之艺

[法]居代·德·拉孔波 等著

赫拉克勒斯之盾笺释

罗逍然 译笺

莎士比亚绎读

莎士比亚笔下的爱与友谊

[美]布鲁姆 著

莎士比亚戏剧与政治哲学

彭磊 选编

莎士比亚的政治盛典

[美]阿鲁里斯/苏利文 编

丹麦王子与马基雅维利

罗峰 选编

古希腊诗歌丛编

阿尔戈英雄纪

[古希腊]阿波罗尼俄斯 著

但丁集

但丁的圣约书

[美]霍金斯 著

美国宪政与古典传统

美国1787年宪法讲疏

[美]阿纳斯塔普罗 著

修昔底德集

修昔底德笔下的演说

[美]斯塔特 著

古希腊政治理论

格雷纳 著

中国传统:经典与解释

Classici et Commentarii

img

刘小枫 陈少明◎主编

中国传统:经典与解释

冬练三时传旧火——港台学人论方以智

邢益海 编

药地炮庄

[明]方以智 著

周礼疑义辩证

陈衍 撰

经学通论

[清]皮锡瑞 著

韩愈志

钱基博 著

论语辑释

陈大齐 著

《庄子·天下篇》注疏四种

张丰乾 编

荀子的辩说

陈文洁 著

古学经子——十一朝学术史述林

王锦民 著

经学以自治——王闿运春秋学思想研究

刘少虎 著

《铎书》校注

孙尚扬 肖清和 等校注

大学素质教育读本

古典诗文绎读 西学卷·古代编(上、下)

古典诗文绎读 西学卷·现代编(上、下)

经典与解释辑刊(刘小枫陈少明主编

1 柏拉图的哲学戏剧

2 经典与解释的张力

3 康德与启蒙

4 荷尔德林的新神话

5 古典传统与自由教育

6 卢梭的苏格拉底主义

7 赫尔墨斯的计谋

8 苏格拉底问题

9 美德可教吗

10 马基雅维利的喜剧

11 回想托克维尔

12 阅读的德性

13 色诺芬的品味

14 政治哲学中的摩西

15 诗学解诂

16 柏拉图的真伪

17 修昔底德的春秋笔法

18 血气与政治

19 索福克勒斯与雅典启蒙

20 犹太教中的柏拉图门徒

21 莎士比亚笔下的王者

22 政治哲学中的莎士比亚

23 治治生活的限度与满足

24 雅典民主的谐剧

25 维柯与古今之争

26 霍布斯的修辞

27 埃斯库罗斯的神义论

28 施莱尔马赫的柏拉图

29 奥林匹亚的荣耀

30 笛卡尔的精灵

31 柏拉图与天人政治

32 海德格尔的政治时刻

33 荷马笔下的伦理

34 格劳秀斯与国际正义

35 西塞罗的苏格拉底

36 基尔克果的哲学与政治