Annex 2:Dag Hammarskjöld and the United Nations
Dag Hammarskjöld，second Secretary General of the United Nations，was born into Sweden’s political elite.He distinguished himself in languages，literature，philosophy and law before getting a PhD in economics in 1933.He obtained a number of senior appointments in the Ministries of Finance and Foreign Affairs，and in the early postwar years was one of Sweden’s leading diplomats.
The Nobel Committee lauded Hammarskjöld for having built up an efficient and independent UN Secretariat，and for having taken an independent line towards the great powers.He was also praised for having organized a peacekeeping force in the Middle East after the Suez crisis，and for his commitment to peace during the civil war in the Congo.
The United Nations is a cornerstone of Sweden’s foreign policy.Together with our fellow members of the European Union，we welcomed the Brahmin Report and strongly support the further development of the New Horizon Initiative.The common ground that has now been reached needs to be consolidated and broadened.
First，the importance of protecting civilians must be acknowledged.The success or failure to protect civilians directly affects the credibility and legitimacy of UN peacekeeping operations，as well as their standing with populations in conflict areas.It is encouraging that the UN Member States recognized this circumstance during the 2010 session of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations.Missions need to have clear Security Council mandates，well crafted guidelines，robust command and control systems，and the ability and determination to perform this difficult task.
Second，the nexus between peacekeeping and peacebuilding must be strengthened.By providing security and support，peacekeepers play an enabling role for national and international actors to implement long-term peacebuilding measures in areas such as police，rule of law，Security Sector Reform（SSR），and Disarmament，Demobilization and Reintegration.
Third，the demand for civilian expertise in fields such as rule of law，justice，and SSR is increasing，especially in complex peacekeeping operations.We must respond to this by strengthening the supply，retention，and support of civilian personnel.It is important that countries from the Global South be given equal opportunities to contribute personnel.
Fourth，we should follow the example of Dag Hammarskjöld’s Summary Study，first published in 1958，and turn our scrutiny to the UN system itself and our working methods.It is encouraging to see that the initiative to start informal consultations with a view to revising the working methods of the Special Committee，forwarded during the Swedish Presidency of the European Union in 2009 and the Spanish Presidency in 2010，has received widespread support among UN Member States.
In conclusion，let us remember that Hammarskjöld’s overarching and primary commitment was to the evolution of the United Nations.