Tourism Cities（旅游城市）
The most popular tourist destinations in Russia are Moscow and Saint Petersburg，the current and the former capital of the country and great cultural centers，recognized as World Cities.Moscow and Saint Petersburg feature such world-renowned museums as Hermitage and Tretyakov Gallery，famous theaters including Bolshoi and Mariinsky，ornate churches such as Saint Basil's Cathedral，Cathedral of Christ the Saviour，Saint Isaac's Cathedral and Church of the Savior on Blood，impressive fortifications such as Moscow Kremlin，Peter and Paul Fortress，beautiful squares such as Red Square and Palace Square，and streets such as Tverskaya and Nevsky Prospect.Rich palaces and parks of extreme beauty are found in the former imperial residencesin suburbs of Moscow（Kolomenskoye，Tsaritsyno）and Saint Petersburg（Peterhof，Strelna，Oranienbaum，Gatchina，Pavlovsk Palace，Tsarskoye Selo）.Moscow contains a great variety of impressive Soviet era buildings along with modern skyscrapers，while Saint Petersburg，nicknamed Venice of the North，boasts of its classical architecture，many rivers，channels and bridges.
Kazan，the capital of Tatarstan，shows a unique mix of Christian Russian and Muslim Tatar cultures.The city has registered a brand The Third Capital of Russia，though a number of other major Russian cities compete for this status，including Samara，Novosibirsk，Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod，all being major cultural centers with rich history and prominent architecture.Veliky Novgorod，Pskov，Dmitrov and the cities of Golden Ring（Vladimir，Yaroslavl，Kostroma and others）have at best preserved the architecture and the spirit of ancient and medieval Rus，and also are among the main tourist destinations.Many old fortifications（typically Kremlins），monasteries and churches are scattered throughout Russia，forming its unique cultural landscape both in big cities and in remote areas.
俄罗斯最受欢迎的旅游目的地是圣彼得堡和莫斯科，它们是现在和以前俄罗斯的首都和文化中心，被公认为世界城市。莫斯科和圣彼得堡有世界闻名的艾尔米塔什博物馆和特列季亚科夫画廊；著名的剧院有莫斯科大剧院和马林斯基剧院；华丽的教堂有圣瓦西里大教堂、基督救世主大教堂、圣以撒大教堂和基督喋血教堂；防御工事有克里姆林宫、彼得和保罗要塞；美丽的广场有红场和冬宫广场；还有非常美丽的宫殿和公园。而圣彼得堡，被称为“北方威尼斯”，以其古典建筑、众多的河流、水渠和桥梁而闻名。
喀山是鞑靼斯坦共和国的首都，是一个独特的混合了基督教文化和穆斯林鞑靼文化的城市。萨马拉、新西伯利亚、叶卡捷琳堡和下诺夫哥罗德都是拥有深厚历史和杰出建筑的重要文化中心。
1）Saint Petersburg（圣彼得堡）
Saint Petersburg is often described as the most Westernized city of Russia，as well as its cultura lcapital.The historic centre of Sain tPetersburg and related groups of monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Saint Petersburg is home to The Hermitage，one of the largest art museums in the world.The city has 221 museums，2000 libraries，more than 80 theaters，100 concert organizations，45 galleries and exhibition halls，62 cinemas and around 80 other cultural establishments.Every year the city hosts around 100 festivals and various competitions of art and culture，including more than 50 international ones.
The museum world of Saint Petersburg is incredibly diverse.The city is not only home to the world-famous Hermitage Museum and the Russian Museum with its rich collection of Russian art，but also the palaces of Saint Petersburg and its suburbs，socalled smal l town museums and others like the museum of famous Russian writer Dostoyevsky；Museum of Musical Instruments，the museum of decorative arts and the museum of professional orientation.
The musical life of Saint Petersburg is rich and diverse，with the city now playing host to a number of annual carnivals.Ballet performances occupy a special place in the cultural life of Saint Petersburg.The Petersburg School of Ballet is named as one of the best in the world.(https://www.daowen.com)
圣彼得堡经常被描述为俄罗斯最西方化的城市，是俄罗斯的文化首都。圣彼得堡的历史中心和相关古迹群是世界遗产。该市有221个博物馆，2000个图书馆，80多个剧院，100个音乐会组织，45个画廊和展览厅，62个电影院和大约80个文化机构，有世界上最大的艺术博物馆之一的艾尔米塔什博物馆。每年，这座城市都会举办100多个节日以及各种艺术和文化比赛，其中包括50多个国际比赛。
圣彼得堡有各种各样的博物馆。这座城市有世界著名的艾尔米塔什博物馆和俄罗斯博物馆，收藏了丰富的俄罗斯艺术作品。
圣彼得堡的音乐生活是丰富多样的。芭蕾舞表演在圣彼得堡的文化生活中占有特殊的地位，彼得斯堡芭蕾舞学校是世界上最好的芭蕾舞学校之一。
2）Moscow（莫斯科）
Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity and metropolis on Earth.It is home to the Ostankino Tower，the tallest free standing structure in Europe；the Federation Tower，the tallest skyscraper in Europe；and the Moscow International Business Center.The city is well known for its architecture，particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil's Cathedral with its brightly colored domes.With over 40 percent of its territory covered by greenery，it is one of the greenest capitals and major cities in Europe and in the world.Moscow is considered the center of Russian culture，having served as the home of Russian artists，scientists and sports figures and because of the presence of museums，academic and political institutions and theaters.The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city.
The Moscow Kremlin，usually referred to as the Kremlin，is a fortified complex at the heart of Moscow，overlooking the Moskva Riverto the south，Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east，and the Alexander Garden to the west.The kremlin includes five palaces，four cathedrals，and the enclosing Kremlin Wall with Kremlin towers.The complex serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.
Red Square is a city square（plaza）in Moscow，Russia.It separates the Kremlin，the former royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia，from a historic merchant quarter known as Kitai-gorod.Red Square is often considered the central square of Moscow since Moscow's major streets，which connect to Russia's major highways，originate from the square.
莫斯科是地球上最北最冷的大城市。这座城市以其建筑而闻名，有欧洲最高的独立建筑奥斯坦金诺电视塔、欧洲最高的摩天大楼联邦大厦和莫斯科国际商务中心。这里的历史建筑十分漂亮，如圣瓦西里大教堂，有着色彩鲜艳的圆顶。
莫斯科超过40％的地域被绿色植物覆盖，它是欧洲和世界上最环保的首都和主要城市之一。莫斯科是俄罗斯文化的中心，是众多俄罗斯艺术家、科学家和体育人物的故乡，有众多博物馆、学术和政治机构以及剧院。
克里姆林宫和红场是莫斯科的世界遗产。克里姆林宫是俄罗斯联邦总统的官邸，它是一个防御森严的建筑群，俯瞰着莫斯科河、圣瓦西里大教堂、红场和亚历山大花园。克里姆林宫包括五个宫殿、四座大教堂，以及由克里姆林宫塔楼环绕的克里姆林宫墙。红场是莫斯科的一个城市广场，也是莫斯科的中心广场，因为莫斯科连接俄罗斯主要高速公路的主要街道都从红场开始。