Pyramid（金字塔）

The most famous pyramids are the Egyptian pyramids.The pyramid is the ancient Egyptian king's mausoleum built for himself.Egyptian pyramids are huge structures built of brick or stone，some of which are among the world's largest constructions.They are shaped as a reference to the rays of the sun.Most pyramids had a polished，highly reflective white limestone surface，to give them a shining appearance when viewed from a distance.The capstone was usually made of hard stone—granite or basalt—and could be plated with gold，silver，or electrum and would also be highly reflective.Ancient Egyptian pyramids were in most cases placed west of the river Nile，near Cairo.The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest in Egypt and one of the largest in the world.It is praised for one of ancient seven greatest miracles in the world.It is the only one to survive into modern times.

The Great Pyramid of Giza，which was probably completed around 2465 BC，is the oldest of the Giza pyramids and the largest pyramid in the world，and is the only surviving monument of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.The Pyramid of Khafre is believed to have been completed around 2532 BC，at the end of Khafre's reign.Khafre ambitiously placed his pyramid next to his fathers.It is not as tall as his father's pyramid but he was able to give it the impression of appearing taller by building it on a site with a foundation 10 m higher than his father's.Along with building his pyramid，Khafre commissioned the building of the giant Sphinx as guardian over his tomb.The face of a human，possibly a depiction of the pharaoh，on a lion's body was seen as a symbol of divinity among the Greeks fifteen hundred years later.The Great Sphinx is carved out the limestone bedrock and stands about 20 m tall.Menkaure's pyramid dates to circa 2490 BC and stands 65 m high making it the smallest of the Great Pyramids.

最著名的金字塔是埃及金字塔。金字塔是古埃及国王为自己建造的陵墓。埃及金字塔是用砖或石头建造的巨大建筑，其中一些是世界最大的建筑。它们的形状参照太阳光线。大多数金字塔都有一个抛光的、高反射的白色石灰石表面，从远处看，它们闪闪发光。古埃及金字塔大多位于尼罗河以西，开罗附近。(https://www.daowen.com)

吉萨大金字塔是埃及最大的金字塔，也是世界上最大的金字塔之一，是古代世界七大奇迹中仅存的遗迹，完成于公元前2465年。哈夫拉金字塔大约建于公元前2532年。孟卡拉金字塔大约建于公元前2490年，高65米，是世界上最小的金字塔。

在巨大的金字塔的前面，在石灰岩基岩上还建造了巨型狮身人面像，高约20米，它作为法老坟墓的守护者，也被视为神的象征。