Cultural Tourism Resources（人文旅游资源）
1）The Statue of Liberty（自由女神像）
The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City，in the United States.The copper statue，designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi，a French sculptor，was built by Gustave Eiffel and dedicated on October 28，1886.It was a gift to the United States from the people of France.
The statue is of a robed female figure representing Libertas，the Roman goddess，who bears a torch and a tabula ansata（a tablet evoking the law）upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence，July 4，1776.A broken chain lies at her feet.The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States，and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.
Bartholdi was inspired by French law professor and politician Edouard René de Laboulaye，who is said to have commented in 1865 that any monument raised to American independence would properly be a joint project of the French and American peoples.He may have been minded to honor the Union victory in the American Civil War and the end of slavery.Due to the troubled political situation in France，work on the statue did not commence until the early 1870s.In 1875，Laboulaye proposed that the French finance the statue and the Americans provide the site and build the pedestal.Bartholdi completed the head and the torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed，and these pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions.The torch-bearing arm was displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876，and in Madison Square Park in Manhattan from 1876 to 1882.Fundraising proved difficult，especially for the Americans，and by 1885 work on the pedestal was threatened due to lack of funds.Publisher Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World started a drive for donations to complete the project that attracted more than 120000 contributors，most of whom gave less than a dollar.The statue was constructed in France，shipped overseas in crates，and assembled on the completed pedestal on what was then called Bedloe's Island.The statue's completion was marked by New York's first ticker-tape parade and a dedication ceremony presided over by President Grover Cleveland.
自由女神像是一座巨大的新古典主义雕塑，位于美国纽约市纽约港的自由岛上。这座铜像由法国雕刻家弗雷德里克·奥古斯特·巴托尔迪设计、古斯塔夫·埃菲尔建造，并于1886年10月28日落成。是法国人民送给美国的礼物。
这座雕像是一个身穿长袍的女性形象，代表罗马女神利伯塔斯，她手持火炬和一块白板，上面刻着美国独立宣言起草的日期——1776年7月4日，脚下有一条断了的链子。这座雕像是自由和美国的象征。
雕像是在法国建成，历经磨难，装箱运至纽约，于1886年10月28日在美国纽约市纽约港的自由岛上落成。
2）Disneyland Park（迪士尼乐园）
Disneyland Park，originally Disneyland，is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim，California，opened on July 17，1955.It is the only theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney.It was originally the only attraction on the property；its name was changed to Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the expanding complex in the 1990s.Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s.He initially envisioned building a tourist attraction adjacent to his studios in Burbank to entertain fans who wished to visit；however，he soon realized that the proposed site was too small.After hiring a consultant to help him determine an appropriate site for his project，Walt bought a 160-acre site near Anaheim in 1953.Construction began in 1954 and the park was unveiled during a special televised press event on the ABC Television Network on July 17，1955.
Since its opening，Disneyland has undergone a number of expansions and major renovations，including the addition of New Orleans Square in 1966，Bear Country（now Critter Country）in 1972，and Mickey's Toontown in 1993.Opened in 2001，Disney California Adventure Park was built on the site of Disneyland's original parking lot.Disneyland has a larger cumulative attendance than any other theme park in the world，with over 650 million guests since it opened.In 2013，the park hosted approximately 16.2 million guests，making it the third most visited park in the world that calendar year.According to a March 2005 Disney Company report，65700 jobs are supported by the Disneyland Resort，including about 20000 direct Disney employees and 3800 thirdparty employees（independent contractors or their employees）.
世界上第一家迪士尼乐园是在加利福尼亚州阿纳海姆建造的两个主题公园中的一个，于1955年7月17日开放。它是唯一一个在沃尔特·迪士尼直接监督下设计和建造的主题公园。该公园于1954年开始建设，并于1955年7月17日在美国广播公司电视网的一次特别电视新闻发布会上揭幕。
自开放以来，迪士尼乐园经历了多次扩建和重大翻修。迪士尼乐园的累计上座率超过了世界上其他任何主题公园，每年都吸引数以亿计的游客。
3）Mount Rushmore National Memorial（拉什莫尔山国家纪念公园）
Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore（Lakota Sioux name：Six Grandfathers）near Keystone，South Dakota，in the United States.Sculpted by Danish-American Gutzon Borglum and his son，Lincoln Borglum，Mount Rushmore features 18 m sculptures of the heads of four United States presidents：George Washington（1732-1799），Thomas Jefferson（1743-1826），Theodore Roosevelt（1858-1919），and Abraham Lincoln（1809-1865）.The entire memorial covers 5.17 km2and is 1745 m above sea level.South Dakota historian Doane Robinson is credited with conceiving the idea of carving the likenesses of famous people into the Black Hills region of South Dakota in order to promote tourism in the region.Robinson's initial idea was to sculpt the Needles；however，Gutzon Borglum rejected the Needles site because of the poor quality of the granite and strong opposition from Native American groups.They settled on the Mount Rushmore location，which also has the advantage of facing southeast for maximum sun exposure.Robinson wanted it to feature western heroes like Lewis and Clark，Red Cloud，and Buffalo Bill Cody，but Borglum decided the sculpture should have a more national focus and chose the four presidents whose likenesses would be carved into the mountain.After securing federal funding through the enthusiastic sponsorship of“Mount Rushmore's great political patron”，U.S.Senator Peter Norbeck，construction on the memorial began in 1927，and the presidents'faces were completed between 1934 and 1939.Upon Gutzon Borglum's death in March 1941，his son Lincoln Borglum took over construction.Although the initial concept called for each president to be depicted from head to waist，lack of funding forced construction to end in late October 1941.Mount Rushmore has become an iconic symbol of the United States，and has appeared in works of fiction，and has been discussed or depicted in other popular works.It attracts over two million people annually.
拉什莫尔山国家纪念雕像是雕刻在拉什莫尔山花岗岩表面的雕塑，位于美国南达科他州的楔石附近。由丹麦裔美国人格曾·鲍格勒姆和他的儿子林肯·鲍格勒姆雕刻而成。拉什莫尔山上雕刻有四座18米高的美国前总统头像：乔治·华盛顿（George Washington，1732-1799）、托马斯·杰斐逊（Thomas Jefferson，1743-1826）、西奥多·罗斯福（Theodore Roosevelt，1858-1919）和亚伯拉罕·林肯（Abraham Lincoln，1809-1865）。
整个纪念馆占地5.17平方千米，海拔1745米。纪念馆于1927年开始建造，总统的头像在1934年到1939年间完成。拉什莫尔山已经成为美国的一个标志性象征。
4）Headquarters of the United Nations（联合国总部）
The Headquarters of the United Nations is a complex in New York City.The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952.It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan，on spacious grounds overlooking the East River.Its borders are First Avenue on the west，East 42nd Street to the south，East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east.The term“Turtle Bay”is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole.
The United Nations has three additional，subsidiary，regional headquarters，or headquarters districts.These were opened in Geneva（Switzerland）in 1946，Vienna（Austria）in 1980，and Nairobi（Kenya）in 2011.These adjunct offices help represent UN interests，facilitate diplomatic activities，and enjoy certain extraterritorial privileges，but only the main headquarters in New York City contains the seats of the principal organs of the UN，including the General Assembly and Security Council.All fifteen of the United Nations'specialized agencies are located outside New York City at these other headquarters or in other cities.
Although it is situated in New York City，the land occupied by the United Nations Headquarters and the spaces of buildings that it rents are under the sole administration of the United Nations and not the U.S.government.They are technically extra territorial through a treaty agreement with the U.S.government.However，in exchange for local police，fire protection and other services，the United Nations agrees to acknowledge most local，state，and federal laws.The United Nations Headquarters complex was constructed in stages with the core complex completed between 1948 and 1952.The Headquarters occupies a site beside the East River，on between 17 and 18 acres of land purchased from the real estate developer，William Zeckendorf，Sr.Nelson Rockefeller arranged this purchase，after an initial offer to locate it on the Rockefeller family estate of Kykuit was rejected as being too isolated from Manhattan.The US$8.5 million（adjusted by inflation US$83.4 million）purchase was then funded by his father，John D.Rockefeller，Jr.，who donated it to the city.The Rockefeller family owned the Tudor City Apartments across First Avenue from the slaughter houses Wallace Harrison，the personal architectural adviser for the Rockefeller family and brother-in-law to a Rockefeller daughter，served as the Director of Planning for the United Nations Headquarters.His firm，Harrison and Abramovitz，oversaw the execution of the design.
联合国总部是位于纽约市的一座综合大楼，它位于曼哈顿的海龟湾社区，可以俯瞰东河，西临第一大道，南临东42街，北临东48街，东临东河。该建筑群自1952年竣工以来一直是联合国的官方总部。(https://www.daowen.com)
联合国还有三个附属的区域总部或总部区。这些区域总部1946年在日内瓦（瑞士）开放，1980年在维也纳（奥地利）开放，2011年在内罗毕（肯尼亚）开放。所有15个联合国专门机构都位于纽约市以外的这些区域总部或其他城市。
虽然联合国总部位于纽约市，但联合国总部所占用的土地和它所租用的建筑物是由联合国单独管理的，而不是由美国政府管理。通过与美国政府签订条约，它们在技术上属于额外的领土。然而，为了换取当地警察、消防和其他服务，联合国承认美国大多数地方、州和联邦的法律。
5）The White House（白宫）
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States，located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington，D.C.It has been the residence of every U.S.president since John Adams in 1800.
The house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia Creek sandstone in the neoclassical style.When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801，he（with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe）expanded the building outward，creating two colonnades that were meant to concea lstables and storage.However，in 1814，during the War of 1812，the mansion was set a blaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington，destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior.Reconstruction began almost immediately，and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed Executive Residence in October 1817.Construction continued with the addition of the South Portico in 1824 and the North in 1829.
The modern-day White House complex includes the Executive Residence，West Wing，Eas tWing，the Eisenhowe rExecutive Office Building—the forme rState Department，which now houses offices for the President's staff and the Vice President—and Blair House，a guest residence.The Executive Residence is made up of six stories—the Ground Floor，State Floor，Second Floor，and Third Floor，as well as a two-story basement.The term White House is often used as a metonym for the Executive Office of the President of the United States and for the president's administration and advisers in general，as in“The White House has decided that...”.The property is a National Heritage Site owned by the National Park Service and is part of the President's Park.In 2007，it was ranked second on the American Institute of Architects list of“America's Favorite Architecture”.
白宫位于华盛顿特区宾夕法尼亚大道西北角1600号，是美国总统的官邸和主要办公场所。自1800年约翰·亚当斯总统入住以来，白宫一直是美国历届总统的住所。
这座建筑由爱尔兰裔詹姆斯·霍班设计，建于1792年至1800年间，由新古典主义风格的白色阿基亚溪砂岩建造。然而，在1814年，它被英国军队放火烧毁。重建工作几乎立即开始，1824年增建南门廊，1829年增建北门廊。
现代的白宫包括行政官邸、西翼、东翼、艾森豪威尔行政办公楼和布莱尔公馆。
6）Universal Studios Hollywood（好莱坞环球影城）
Universal Studios Hollywood is a film studio and theme park in the unincorporated Universal City community of the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles，California，United States.It is one of the oldest and most famous Hollywood film studios still in use.Its official marketing headline is“The Entertainment Capital of LA”.It was initially created to offer tours of the real Universal Studios sets and is the first of many full-fledged Universal Studios Theme Parks located across the world.Woody Woodpecker is the mascot for Universal Studios Hollywood.
Outside the theme park，a new，all-digital facility near the Universal Studios backlot was built in an effort to merge all of NBC Universal's West Coast operations into one area.As a result，the current home for KNBC，KVEA and NBC Newswith Telemundo Los Angeles Bureaus with new digital facility is on the Universal lot formerly occupied by Technicolor SA.Universal City includes hotels Universal Hilton & Towers，the Sheraton Universal Hotel，the multi-screen Globe Theatre，often used for banquets and receptions and Universal City Walk，which offers a collection of shops and restaurants.In 2013，the park hosted 6,148,000 guests，placing it 17th in the world and 9th among North American parks.
好莱坞环球影城是位于美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市圣费尔南多谷地区的一个电影工作室和主题公园。它是至今仍在使用的最古老、最著名的好莱坞电影制片厂之一。它最初是为了让游客参观真正的环球影城场景，是世界第一个成熟的环球影城主题公园。啄木鸟伍迪是好莱坞环球影城的吉祥物。
除主题公园外，环球影城外景场附近还新建了一个全数字设施。环球影城内有希尔顿酒店、喜来登环球酒店、多屏幕的环球剧院以及环球城市大道。
7）Broadway（百老汇）
Broadway is a road in the U.S.state of New York.Perhaps best known for the portion that runs through the borough of Manhattan in New York City，it actually runs 21 km through Manhattan and 3.2 km through the Bronx，exiting north from the city to run an additional 29 km through the municipalities of Yonkers，Hastings-On-Hudson，Dobbs Ferry，Irvington，and Tarrytown，and terminating north of Sleepy Hollow in Westchester County.
It is the oldest north-south main thoroughfare in New York City，dating to the first New Amsterdam settlement.The name Broadway is the English literal translation of the Dutch name，Breede weg.Broadway is known widely as the heart of the American theatre industry.
百老汇是美国纽约州的一条公路，它最著名的部分贯穿纽约曼哈顿岛。它是纽约市最古老的南北向主干道，最早可以追溯到新阿姆斯特丹建立第一个定居点时期。百老汇这个名字是荷兰语“Breede weg”的英文直译。百老汇被认为是美国戏剧业的心脏。
8）Silicon Valley（硅谷）
Silicon Valley is a nickname for the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area，which is located in the part of the U.S.state of California known as Northern California.It is home to many of the world's largest high-tech corporations，as well as thousands of tech startup companies.The word“valley”refers to the Santa Clara Valley where the region has traditionally been centered，which includes the city of San Jose and surrounding cities and towns.The word“silicon”originally referred to the large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers in the region.The term“Silicon Valley”eventually came to refer to all high tech businesses in the area，and is now generally used as a metonym for the American high-technology economic sector.Silicon Valley is a leading hub and startup ecosystem for high-tech innovation and development，accounting for one-third of all of the venture capital investment in the United States.Geographically，Silicon Valley is generally thought to encompass all of the Santa Clara Valley，the southern half of the Peninsula and southern portions of the East Bay.
It was in Silicon Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit，the microprocessor，and the microcomputer，among other key technologies，were developed.
硅谷是旧金山湾区南部的一个昵称，它位于美国加利福尼亚州的北加州部分。它是许多世界高科技公司及数千家科技初创公司的所在地。硅谷是世界领先的高科技创新和发展中心，以及创业中心，占美国所有风险投资的三分之一。正是在硅谷，硅基集成电路、微处理器和微型计算机以及其他关键技术被开发出来。