区域概况(Regional Overview)
大洋洲旅游区位于太平洋西南部和南部,介于亚洲旅游区和南极洲之间,西临印度洋,东濒太平洋。大洋洲旅游区包括澳大利亚大陆、塔斯马尼亚岛、新西兰南北二岛、新几内亚岛以及太平洋上的三大岛群(即波利尼西亚、密克罗尼西亚和美拉尼西亚三大岛群)等1万多个岛屿。陆地总面积约897万平方千米,约占世界陆地总面积的6%。大洋洲旅游区现有14个独立国家,其余10个地区尚在美、英、法等国的管辖之下。
The Oceania Tourism Region is located in the southwest and south of the Pacific Ocean,between the Asian tourism region and Antarctica,adjacent to the Indian Ocean in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east.The Oceania tourism region includes the Australian mainland,Tasmania,New Zealand,New Guinea and three major island groups in the Pacific Ocean(namely Polynesia,Micronesia and Melanesia).There are more than 10000 islands in total.The total land area is about 8.97 million km2,accounting for about 6%of the world's total land area.There are currently 14 independent countries in Oceania tourism region,and the remaining 10 regions are still under the jurisdiction of the United States,Britain,France and other countries.
资料来源:标准地图服务网站,审图号:GS(2020)4396号。
大洋洲旅游区地形分为大陆和岛屿两部分,大陆海岸线长约19000千米,澳大利亚独占整个大陆。岛屿面积约为133万平方千米,其中新几内亚岛最大,是世界第二大岛。全洲高原、山地和丘陵众多,平原较小。大洋洲有活火山60多座(不包括海底火山),火山旅游资源丰富。(https://www.daowen.com)
大洋洲旅游区大部分处在南、北回归线之间,绝大部分地区属热带和亚热带,除澳大利亚的内陆地区属大陆性气候外,其余地区属海洋性气候。除澳大利亚外,全区其他各地气候温差不大。生物旅游资源多种多样,全年适宜旅游。
大洋洲旅游区总人口约4126万人(2019年),约占世界总人口的0.5%。其中欧洲人后裔约占70%以上,集中在澳大利亚和新西兰两国。各岛国人口密度差异显著,巴布亚人、澳大利亚土著人、塔斯马尼亚人、毛利人、美拉尼西亚人、密克罗尼西亚人和波利尼西亚人等当地居民约占总人口的20%,此外还有混血种人、印度人、华人和日本人等。绝大部分居民信奉基督教,少数人信奉天主教,印度人多信奉印度教。大部分居民通用英语,太平洋三大岛群上的当地居民,分别使用波利尼西亚语、密克罗尼西亚语和美拉尼西亚语。
The landscape of Oceania tourism region is divided into mainland and island:the mainland coastline is about 19000 km long,Australia has the whole continent to itself.Oceania has more than 60 active volcanoes(not including submarine volcanoes)and is rich in volcanic tourism resources.Most of Oceania tourism region is tropical and subtropical,except for a continental climate in the inland of Australia,and the rest of the region belongs to a maritime climate.The vast majority of the population is Christian.