Task 1 Learn Some Grammar before Writing

Task 1 Learn Some Grammar before Writing

Activity 1 Challenge Yourself

Group 1

You want to be as accessible and focused as possible to make sure that you can take advantage of every chance to learn. (动词的过去分词演化成形容词作表语, 意为“专注的”)I pushed aside my sorrow, forcing myself to focus on the coming test.(动词,在句子中作谓语,意为“专注于……”)

Group 2

In addition to the provision for children in the infant classes in primary schools, the Department of Education and Skills funds some specific pre-primary services.(形容词作定语,修饰schools,意为“初级的,基本的”)

Government investment in such provision is primarily implemented by the Department of Children and Youth Affairs (DCYA). (副词作状语修饰谓语implement,意为“主要地,根本地”)

Activity 2 Practice Your Learning

关于词类与句子的补充内容

分析单词在句子中的词类和充当的成分,有助于理解句子的意思。

一、主要词类(Parts of Speech)与用法

1. 名词

名词是表示人、动物、物品和抽象概念的词。

注意:

名词是单数还是复数,是可数还是不可数,不可根据词的形式来判断,而是要根据词义判断。如:

His family are all music lovers. (family: 家人,集体名词复数)

His family isn’t a large one. (family:家庭,集体名词单数)

You are a Chinese, we are all Chinese. (Chinese单复数同形)

There isn’t much fish on the plate. (fish: 鱼肉,不可数)

This is a fish. (fish: 一条鱼,可数名词)

It’s an effective means of communication. (means: 方法,手段,可数名词单数)

2. 动词

动词就是用来形容或表示各类动作或状态的词。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词。英语动词是句子的核心,它既决定着句子意义的表达,同时又决定着句子的语法结构。

动词有现在式(也称动词原形)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式。句子的时态主要通过动词的形式变化来表现。

根据动词在句子中的功能,动词可以分为四类。

实义动词是英语中数量最多的一类动词。实义动词根据用法,可以分为不及物动词(后面不能直接接宾语)和及物动词(后面接宾语)。有很多实义动词是兼做及物动词和不及物动词的。

3. 代词

代词是代指人或物名称的词。代词可以分为以下几种:

4. 副词

副词用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词及全句的词,可以表示地点、时间、程度、频率、方式、语气等意义。副词根据意义分为四类:

副词按照功能可以分为:

☛ Tell the part of speech of each marked word.

( A ) 1. Our English teacher is an American.

A. 名词 B. 动词 C. 形容词 D. 副词

答案解析:American有形容词和名词两种词形,从前面不定冠词an判断,这里用作名词。

( B ) 2. He became mad after that.

A. 名词 B. 动词 C. 形容词 D. 副词

答案解析:become这里用作系动词。

( B ) 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.

A. 名词 B. 数词 C. 形容词 D. 介词

答案解析:分数的表示方法,前面用基数词后面用序数词。

( D ) 4. He realized right away that there was something wrong.

A. 名词 B. 动词 C. 形容词 D. 代词

答案解析:some, any, no+thing/one构成不定代词。

( B ) 5. The girl is playing the piano.

A. 名词 B. 动词 C. 形容词 D. 副词

答案解析:动词的现在分词形式,与is一起构成现在进行时。

( C ) 6. What an interesting book it is!

A. 介词 B. 动词 C. 形容词 D. 副词

答案解析:形容词修饰book。

( A ) 7. Our English teacher is from Australia.

A. 介词 B. 连词 C. 形容词 D. 副词

答案解析:表示方位的介词。

( D ) 8. The nurse looks after the babies carefully.

A. 介词 B. 连词 C. 形容词 D. 副词

答案解析:副词修饰动词短语looks after。

( B ) 9. I like this book, but it’s too expensive.

A. 介词 B. 连词 C. 形容词 D. 副词

答案解析:but用作连词连接前后两个句子表示并列关系。

( C ) 10. She has been designing a new plane model.

A. 介词 B. 副词 C. 动词 D. 形容词

答案解析:has用作助动词构成现在完成进行时。

☛ Tell the role of the marked part in each sentence.

( C ) 1. Bats look like flying rats.

A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 定语

答案解析:flying rats 做介词like的宾语。

( B ) 2. He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow.

A. 定语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 表语

( A ) 3. There is a dog in front of the house.

A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 状语

答案解析:there be句型是倒装结构,there 不是句子的主语。

( D ) 4. The boy playing tennis is my friend Bob.

A. 状语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 定语

答案解析:分词短语作定语,放在被修饰词的后面。

( A ) 5. We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.

A. 状语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 表语

答案解析:if引导条件状语从句。

( C ) 6. Do you understand what he is talking about?

A. 状语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 定语

答案解析:what引导的名词性从句作understand的宾语。

( B ) 7. The milk tea tastes wonderful.

A. 补语 B. 表语 C. 宾语 D. 定语

答案解析:感官动词taste后接形容词构成系表结构。

( D ) 8. There is nothing wrong with the car.

A. 状语 B. 补语 C. 宾语 D. 定语

答案解析:不定代词的定语,不论长短,都放在所修饰的不定代词的后面。

( D ) 9. Seeing is believing.

A. 状语 B. 补语 C. 宾语 D. 主语

答案解析:分词,不定式等非谓语形式语法功能上可以相当于名词,充当句子的主语、宾语。

( C ) 10. I had my car repaired yesterday.

A. 状语 B. 补语 C. 宾语 D. 主语

答案解析:过去分词repaired作car的宾语补足语,两者一起构成复合宾语。

Activity 3 Check Your Learning

☛ Pay attention to the marked parts in the following sentences. Think about the parts of

speech or their roles in the sentence, and then make the best choices.

(D)1. He looks like Father Christmas.

A. 名词 B. 动词 C. 形容词 D. 介词

答案解析:like表示“像”的意义后面接名词时是介词。

(C)2. He spoke exactly like I did.

A. 形容词 B. 副词 C. 连词 D. 介词

答案解析:like后面接句子时用作连词。

(C)3. It is easy to criticize others.

A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D.补语

答案解析:不定式短语是句子的真正主语,前面的it是形式主语。

(B)4. It sounds a good idea.

A. 宾语 B. 表语 C.定语 D.状语

答案解析:sound感官动词用作系动词,后面的名词短语作表语。

(A)5. This is the village where I was born.

A. 定语 B. 状语 C.宾语 D.补语

答案解析:定语从句修饰village。