Task 1 Learn Some Grammar Before Writing
Activity 1 Challenge Yourself
1. ..., and said that the whole speech shouldn’t take more than the time it takes to ride an elevator --30 seconds or less, in other words.（划线句子作后置定语，修饰先行词the time, 省略了关系代词that）
2. Often, these are CPUs, which sit at the heart of modern, desktop machines.（which 引导的非限
制性定语从句，修饰先行词CPUs， 并且which在从句中作主语）
3. He is a clever and confident scientist who understands the math and laws of quantum physics.
（who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词scientist, 且who在从句中作主语）
Activity 2 Practice Your Learning
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1. 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,
例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
2. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫作蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
☛ Choose the best answers.
( C ) 1. This is our classroom, the front door of ______ faces the east.
A. it B. what C. which D. that
答案解析：非限制定语从句中，介词后面的关系代词用which, 指代先行词our classroom。
( D ) 2. All ______ I told you just now is true.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
答案解析：当先行词为all时，定语从句的关系代词只能用that指代，同时在从句中作宾语。
( D ) 3. They talked about the things and persons ______ they remembered in the school.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
答案解析：当先行词同时指人和物时，定语从句的关系代词只能用that，同时在从句中作宾语。
( C ) 4. The exact year ______ Angela and her family spent together in china was 2008.
A. who B. where C. which D. when
答案解析：which在该定语从句中作宾语，指代先行词year。
( C ) 5.We went to the biggest bookshop in ______ there were different kinds of books.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
答案解析：定语从句中介词后面的关系代词用which。
( D ) 6.Who was the man ______ told you to wait here?
A. why B. where C. which D. that
答案解析：主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句，从句关系代词用that。
( B ) 7.Andrew lives alone and enjoys the company of a pet cat, of ______ he’s grown so fond.
A. why B. which C. when D. that
答案解析：非限制定语从句中，介词后面的关系代词用which。
( A ) 8.The reason ______ he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.
A. for which B. for where C. for why D. for that
答案解析：表原因，先行词只有reason 一个, 可用关系副词why引导定语从句，此时why=for which。
( A ) 9. I will never forget the days ______ we stayed together in the countryside.
A. in which B. in where C. in when D. in that
答案解析：when在该定语从句中作时间状语，指代先行词the days，此时when=in which。
( B ) 10.The valley ______ the town lies is very beautiful.
A. who B. where C. which D. when
答案解析：where在该定语从句中作地点状语，指代先行词valley，此时where = in+ which。
( C ) 11.Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t.
A. who; 不填 B不填; who C. who; who D. 不填;不填
答案解析：who指人，在该定语从句中作主语。
( A ) 12.Alec asked the policeman ______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A. with whom B. who C. with him D. whom
答案解析：从句结构work with中的with提前，whom指代先行词policeman，同时作with的宾语。
( C ) 13.A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
答案解析：whose为所有格，指代先行词a person，在定语从句中作e-mail的定语。
( D ) 14.The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _____was more than we could expect.
A. it B. what C. that D. which
答案解析：非限制定语从句中，关系代词用which，同时在从句中作主语。
( C ) 15.Do you still remember the chicken farm _______ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
答案解析：that在该定语从句中作宾语,指代先行词farm。
( B )16.The thought of going back home was ______ kept him happy while he was working abroad.
A. that B. all that C. all what D. which
答案解析：当先行词为all时，定语从句的关系代词只能用that指代，同时在从句中作主语。
( B ) 17.There at the door stood a girl about the same height ______.
A. as me B. as mine C. with mine D. with me
答案解析：在定语从句中,先行词前有the same时用 as 引导定语从句。
( B ) 18.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
A. if B. when C. which D. since
答案解析：when在该非限制定语从句中作时间状语，指代先行词days。
( A ) 19.They will fly to Washington, ___ they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where B. there C. which D. when
答案解析：where在该定语从句中作地点状语，指代先行词Washington。
( A ) 20.He was educated at the local high school, _______ he went on to Beijing University.
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
答案解析：which指代先行词the local high school，同时作after的宾语。
Activity 3 Check Your Learning
☛ Pay attention to the underlined relative words in the following sentences. Tell their usages are right or wrong. Mark “√” for the right and “×” for the wrong.
( × ) 1. Yesterday I helped an old man whom had lost his way.
答案解析：who指人，在该定语从句中作主语。
(√ ) 2. The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor.
答案解析：who/whom指人，在该定语从句中作宾语。
(√ ) 3. He likes to read books that are written by foreign writers.
答案解析：that/which可指物，在该定语从句中作主语。
( × ) 4. I still remember the day which I first came to this school.
答案解析：when在该定语从句中作时间状语，指代先行词the day，此时when = on+ which。
( × ) 5. Great changes are taking place in the city which they live.
答案解析：where在该定语从句中作地点状语，指代先行词city，此时where = in+ which。