Task 2 Read More for Useful Information
Passage 2
Language points
1. specialized adj.专业的；专门的
e.g. Advertising has already become a very specialized activity in modern times.
广告在现代已经成为一种非常专业化的活动。
Many of the employees receive specialized training in programming.
许多员工接受了编程方面的专业训练。
2.installation n.安装
e.g. Installation of the new system will take several days.
新系统的安装需要几天时间。
Hundreds of lives could be saved if the installation of alarms was more widespread.
如果警报器的安装范围更为广泛，成百上千人的生命就可能获救。
3. crack
1）vt.＆vi.开裂；使破裂
e.g. The ice started to crack. 冰开始裂了。
He cracked a couple of eggs into a pan. 他磕了几个鸡蛋到平底锅里。
2）n.裂缝；裂痕
e.g. This cup has a crack in it. 这杯子有一道裂痕。
She watched through the crack in the curtains. 她透过窗帘的缝隙观察。
4. come into contact with 接触到……
e.g. This plastic should not come into contact with food.
这种塑料切莫与食物接触。
He came into contact with a lot of new technologies while worked abroad.
在国外工作期间他接触到许多新技术。
5.Refractory materials are those that can endure high temperatures without the heat damaging their structure, resistance, or thermal conductivity.
Translation：耐火材料是可以承受高温并且在结构、强度或导热性能方面不会受到损害的材料。
Explanation:本句中that引导定语从句修饰those; without引导的介词短语作状语，表示与此同时，高温不会损害材料的结构、强度或导热性。
6.In the case of bricks, the chemical composition of refractories is different from that of regular bricks,which also influences their color and thermal conductivity.
Translation：就砖而言，耐火砖的化学成分与普通砖不同，这也影响着耐火砖的颜色和导热性能。
Explanation:本句中that of regular bricks指的是the the chemical composition of regular bricks;which 引导的定语从句修饰the chemical composition
composition n.成分；构成
e.g. Some minerals have complex chemical compositions.
有些矿物质有很复杂的化学成分。
Television has transformed the size and social composition of the audience at great sporting occasions. 电视改变了大型体育赛事观众的数量及社会构成。
7. domestic adj.国内的；家庭的
e.g. The website has international and domestic flight information for nearly every airline.
该网站提供几乎所有航空公司的国际和国内航班信息。
I'm not a very domestic sort of person.
我不是那种很喜欢待在家里的人。
8. be composed of 由……组成
e.g. All living things are composed of cells. 所有的生物都由细胞组成。
The committee was composed of professors and engineers.
该委员会由教授和工程师组成。
9. It is always important to emphasize that, when designing or building structures that will come in contact with fire, it is essential to ensure that the materials used comply with local regulations.
Translation：必须始终强调，在设计或建造会与火接触的结构时，首先要确保使用的材料符合地方法规的要求。
Explanation: 本句套嵌两个it is +adj.+that 从句；when designing or building structures that will come in contact with fire为状语从句，其中that will come in contact with fire为定语从句，修饰structures
comply with 符合；遵守
e.g. She must be made to comply with the rules. 她必须要遵守规则。
Any deal done within China must comply with Chinese law.
中国境内的任何交易都必须符合中国法律。
regulation n.规定；监管；约束
e.g. The new regulation is in favour of married couples.
这一新规定有利于已婚夫妇。
So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation.
到目前为止，快餐公司已经巧妙地避开了政府的监管。
参考译文
耐火砖及其用途
从黄色到灰色，再到传统的红色和橙色，砖在我们的许多城市中无处不在，并广泛用于建筑。简而言之，传统砖的制造过程是模制黏土并在窑炉中烧制。实心砖，穿孔砖，镂空花砖，瓷砖都是如此。陶土砖不贵且随处可得。它不仅在强度，热惯性和表明光洁度方面表现良好，并且也不需要特别专业的施工人员。但是，普通的砖如果用在高温热源附近会开裂和破损，相比之下，耐火砖则更合适。
在窑炉中以高于1000°C的温度烧制的材料可能无法承受高温，这似乎很奇怪的。实际上，主要问题是热冲击。当普通砖与热源接触时，它会迅速膨胀。当热源停止（例如，灭火）时，物料收缩。温度的这些突然变化会影响结构的稳定性，并可能形成裂纹和其他严重问题。耐火材料是可以承受高温并且在结构，电阻或导热性能方面不会受到损害的材料。就砖而言，耐火砖的化学成分与普通砖不同，这也影响着耐火砖的颜色和导热性能。
对于窑炉，烧烤炉和壁炉之类的家庭用途，烧制耐火砖的黏土的主要成分是能耐高温的氧化铝和二氧化硅。氧化铝具有反射性，而二氧化硅是出色的绝缘体。原料中氧化铝越多，砖所能承受的温度就越高（工业用途的基本考虑），并且砖块的价格就越高。砖块中二氧化硅越多，颜色就更偏灰色，而氧化铝会使砖块外观颜色偏黄。
除了技术性能外，有些建筑师使用裸露的耐火砖建造和铺盖墙面。在Tropical House Urveel项目中，耐火砖以多种方式使用。有时像“印度镂花”一样多孔，有时不透明且有纹理，有时构成露台，有时充当背景，耐火砖在整个房屋随处可见。
除了砖本身以外，所用的砂浆也必须耐高温。因此，它通常由蛭石之类特殊的骨料（骨料指混凝土中的沙和碎石）和耐火黏土组成。像砖一样，砂浆也可以包含氧化铝（Al2O3），莫来石（氧化锆）和其他材料。
必须始终强调，在设计或建造会与火接触的结构时，首先要确保使用的材料符合地方法规的要求。这样费力的讲究这些是为了避免材料损耗或出现更严重的事故，并且征求专家和制造商的建议始终是必要的。
☛ Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage you’ve read.
(T) 1. Bricks are cheap and easy to be found.
(T) 2. Common bricks will be broken when coming into contact with high temperature.
(F) 3. Refractory bricks may be yellow, gray or orange.
(F) 4. Refractory bricks can bear high heat but their thermal conductivity will be damaged.
(T) 5. The main compositions in refractory clay are alumina and silica.
After-reading Activity Build a Word Bank
☛ The following words are all about architecture and building materials. Read and match their meanings.
1. B 2. F 3. A 4. H 5. I 6. J 7. E 8. D 9. C 10. G
☛ Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Ceramic bricks are inexpensive, easy to find.
陶土砖不贵且随处可得。
2. These sudden changes in temperature affect the stability of the structure and can form cracks and other serious problems.
温度的这些突然变化会影响结构的稳定性，并可能形成裂纹和其他严重问题。
3. In addition to the technical function, there are architects who use refractory bricks to build and coat surfaces.
除了技术性能外，有些建筑师使用裸露的耐火砖建造和铺盖墙面。
4. For domestic uses, such as ovens, barbecue grills and fireplaces, the refractory bricks used are usually composed of clay containing mainly alumina(Al2O3) and silica(SIO2).
对于窑炉，烧烤炉和壁炉之类的家庭用途，烧制耐火砖的黏土的主要成分是能耐高温的氧化铝和二氧化硅。
5. In addition to the bricks themselves, the mortar used must also endure high temperatures.
除了砖本身以外，所用的砂浆也必须耐高温。