Task 1 Read for Useful Information
Pre-reading Activity 1 Listen and Read Aloud
（略）
Pre-reading Activity 2 Express Yourself
☛ This section aims at introducing some topics for students to express themselves.Sentences like the following may be used.
◆ My ideal job is...
◆ I want to be...
◆ I’d like to take ... as my job after my graduation.
◆ I really liked/hated the job because...
◆ It is a good job for...
◆ I have learned a lot about...
◆ It’s attractive/marvelous/challengeable/interesting.
◆ You should be responsible for...
◆ You need to...
Reading Activity 1 Read and Try to Understand
Passage 1
Language points
Para.1
1. phrase n. [C]a group of words that have a particular meaning when used together, or which someone uses on a particular occasion 短语
e.g. She used rather dated words and phrases. 她使用的词语未免太陈旧了。
The phrase means “not one woman less”. 这个短语的意思是“一名女性都不能少”。
2. label
1) n. [C] a piece of paper or another material that is attached to something and gives information about it 标签
e.g. I read the information on the label before deciding which jam to buy.
我先看果酱标签上的说明再决定买哪种。
He attached labels to his luggage. 他把标签贴在行李上。
2) vt. to attach a label onto something or write information on something 贴标签于，用标签标明
e.g. Be sure to label all the test tubes. 一定要把所有的试管都贴上标签。
The bottle is labeled poison. 瓶上标明有毒。
3. greet vt. to say hello to someone or welcome them 打招呼, 迎接
e.g. She greets me whenever she meets me. 她一见到我就打招呼。
The host greeted us at the gate. 主人在大门口迎接我们。
4. customer n. [C] someone who buys goods or services from a shop, company, etc. 顾客，主顾
e.g. My father asked me to see the customer to the door. 我父亲要我送顾客到门口。
The new store across the road has taken away most of my customers.
路那边的那家新店抢走了我的许多主顾。
customer, guest, shopper
这三个词都是“顾客”的意思。其区别是：
guest指旅馆、饭店等的顾客。
shopper指商店里的顾客。
customer则是针对某一商店而言的顾客。
5. plastic
1) adj. made of plastic. 塑料制的
e.g. Can you put it in a plastic bag? 你能把它放在塑料袋里吗？
The house is full of plastic flowers. 房子里摆满了塑料花。
2) n.[C][U] a light strong material that is produced by a chemical process, and which can be made into different shapes when it is soft 塑料
e.g. This basket is made of plastic. 这个篮子是用塑料做的。
A lot of the plastics that carmakers are using cannot be recycled.
汽车制造商们正在使用的很多塑料制品是无法回收再用的。
6. particularly adv. more than usual or more than others 格外，异乎寻常地
e.g. Progress has been particularly disappointing. 进展一直格外令人失望。
She looked particularly lovely that night. 她那天晚上特别动人。
7. attractive adj. having qualities that make you want to accept something or be involved in it吸引人的，值得拥有（或做）的
e.g. I must say, it’s a very attractive offer. 我必须得说，这是一份非常吸引人的提议。
A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive to young people.
从事法律行业对于年轻人越来越有吸引力。
8. not at all 一点也不，根本不
e.g. I am not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对现状一点儿也不满意。
He is not at all alive to the danger he is in. 他完全没有意识到他处境的危险。
Para.2
9. physically adv. in relation to your body rather than your mind or emotions 身体上，身体上地
e.g. I was absolutely exhausted, physically and mentally.
我绝对已经精疲力竭了，不管是身体上还是精神上。
I felt physically sick before the exam. 大考前我感到身体不适。
physical adj. related to someone’s body rather than their mind or emotions 肉体的，身体的
e.g. Physical activity promotes good health. 身体运动促进健康。
He tends to avoid all physical contact. 他倾向于避免一切身体接触。
10. But it paid for my social life, my mobile phone bill, a holiday to Portugal, and, thanks to extra shifts in the summer holidays before university, my first laptop.
Translation：但是我用这份工挣的钱去付生活费，手机费，去葡萄牙度假，并且多亏了在上大学前那个暑期额外的轮班工作，我拥有了第一台笔记本电脑。
Explanation: “thanks to extra shifts in the summer holidays before university”作插入语，my first laptop是前边paid for 的宾语。
thanks to 由于，幸亏
e.g. Thanks to his effort, it is more successful than we have expected.
由于他的努力，获得了比我们预期的更大的成功。
Thanks to that job I became an avid reader. 多亏那项工作我成了一个爱读书的人。
due to, owing to, because of, thanks to
这些词组均表示“由于”之意。其区别是：
due to 用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重“起因于”，在句中多作表语，有时作状语。
owing to 可以和due to换用，但在句中多作状语，也可作表语。
because of 着重某个结果的原因，在句中通常作状语。
thanks to 突出一种感激之情，含“多亏”意味。
extra
1) adj. more of something, in addition to the usual or standard amount or number 额外的，外加的
e.g. The factory director decided to put on extra men to get the work done as early as possible.
厂长决定增加人力以便尽早完成这项工作。
Two extra people are coming for dinner. Will the food stretch out?
又有两个人要来吃饭，饭菜够吃吗?
2) n. [C] something which is added to a basic product or service that improves it and often costs more额外之物，附加物
e.g. Optional extras include cooking classes at a top restaurant.
可选的额外之物包括一家高级餐馆的烹饪课程。
There are no hidden extras. 没有任何隐蔽的额外费用。
shift
1) n. [C] one of the set periods of time during each day and night when a group of workers in a factory,
etc. are at work before being replaced by another group of workers当班，轮班
e.g. Are you on the day shift or the night shift? 你是上白班还是上夜班？His father worked shifts in a steel mill. 他的父亲在一家钢铁厂轮班工作。
2) vt. to move from one place or position to another, or make something do this 替换，移动
e.g. He stopped, shifting his cane to his left hand. 他停下来，把手杖移到左手。We need to shift the focus of this debate. 我们需要转换一下辩论的焦点。
Para.3
11. As a teenager, the only adults you tend to regularly spend time with are the ones who have authority over you: your parents and your teachers.
Translation：作为一个青少年，经常与我们相处的人往往是我们的父母和老师这些对我们有管制权的人。
Explanation: “you tend to regularly spend time with”作定语修饰 “the only adults”。
teenager n. [C] someone who is between 13 and 19 years old 十几岁(指13至19岁)的人
e.g. He is managing a club for teenagers. 他在经营一家青少年俱乐部。
Pitt became a famous actor while still a teenager.
当皮特还是个青年时就是个很有名气的演员了。
adult n. [C] a fully-grown person, or one who is considered to be legally responsible for their actions
成年人
e.g. Anyone over eighteen years of age counts as an adult. 凡是超过18岁的都算成年人。
Children are usually more natural in their manner than adults. 孩子们的举止通常比成年人自然。tend to 有……的倾向，趋向
e.g. Women tend to live longer than men. 女人往往比男人长寿。
My car tends to overheat in the summer. 我的车在夏天总是容易过热。
spend time with 和……共度时光
e.g. I’m spending time with my friends. 我在和朋友一起(消磨时间)呢。
Spending time with Jill was getting harder and harder. 和吉尔聚在一起变得越来越难了。
spend time 花时间；消磨时间
spend money 花钱；破费
spend on 在…方面花费
spend money on 花多少钱买某物
spend time doing 花费时间做……
cost, expend, spend和take都有花费的意思，区别如下：
cost: 指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物，而不能由人充当，也不用被动形式。
expend: 较正式用词，通常指为某一专门目的而花费大量金钱、时间或精力。
spend: 普通用词，与cost基本同义，但主语必须是人。
take: 普通用词，指需要占用空间、时间或精力等，其主语可以是人，也可以是一件事情。
authority n. [U] the power you have because of your official position 威信
e.g. She does not like anyone challenging her authority. 她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。
I’m always wary of men wearing suits, as I equate this with power and authority.
我总是提防着穿制服的人，因为我将其等同于权力及权威。
12. mix
1) vi.to meet, talk, and spend time with other people, especially people you do not know very well 交际
e.g. She doesn’t mix well. 她不善与人相处。
People from different classes used to mix very little. 不同阶层的人过去很少交往。
2) vt.if you mix two or more substances or if they mix, they combine to become a single substance,and they cannot be easily separated (使)混合，拌合
e.g. You can’t mix oil with water. 你不能把油和水混合。
If you mix blue with yellow, you’ll get green. 蓝色和黄色混合在一起就成了绿色。mix with 加入(人群)，与(人们)交际
e.g. Good parents never allow their children to mix with bad elements.
好父母绝不允许自己的孩子和坏人来往。
In my job, I mix with all sorts of people. 在我的工作中，我与各种人打交道。
13. previous adj. having happened or existed before the event, time, or thing that you are talking about now 先前的，以前的
e.g. He soon lapsed into his previous bad habits. 他很快陷入以前的恶习中去。
It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are completely different.
这很难与她以前的书相比—两者是截然不同的。
previously adv. before now or before a particular time 先前地，以前地
e.g. I had visited them three days previously. 我之前曾探访过他们三天。
I should like to add a corrective to what I have written previously.
我想对我先前写的内容进行补充修改。
Para.4
14. material n.
1) [C][U] cloth used for making clothes, curtains, etc. 布料，衣料
e.g. Japan imports textile materials from Britain. 日本从英国进口纺织材料。
This coat is made of coarse material. 这件外套是用粗糙的衣料做的。
2) [U] the things that are used for making or doing something 原料，材料
e.g. The workshop has shut down for lack of raw material. 由于缺乏原料，这个车间已停工了。
To trial-produce this product, we need some costly materials.
为试制这种产品，我们需要某些价值昂贵的材料。
15. last
1) vi. to continue for a particular length of time 持续
e.g. The hot weather lasted until September. 炎热的天气持续到九月。
Economically, one tin of oil will last at least three months.
如果节省地用的，这罐油就会维持至少三个月。
2) adj. happening or existing at the end, with no others after 最后的
e.g. They drank up the last of the wine. 他们喝光了最后一滴酒。
He is the last man I want to see. 他是我最不想见的人。
16. generation n. [C] all people of about the same age 一代，一辈
e.g. The story is passed on from generation to generation in the village.
这故事在村民中世代相传。
The story captured the hearts and minds of a generation.
这部小说准确地传达了一代人的感情和思想。
17. prefer to 更加喜欢，宁愿
prefer sth to sth
prefer v-ing to v-ing
e.g. Most Chinese prefer tea to coffee. 茶和咖啡相比大多数中国人更喜欢喝茶。
She is very traditional. She prefers dressing formally to wearing sports clothes.
她很守旧,喜欢穿正式的服装, 而不喜欢穿运动装。
Para. 5
18. smell
1) vt. to notice or recognize a particular smell 闻，闻到
e.g. I have a cold, I cannot smell. 我感冒了,闻不出味道来。
As soon as we opened the front door we could smell the gas. 我们一打开前门就闻到煤气味了。
2) n. [U] the quality that people and animals recognize by using their nose 气味
e.g. The strong smell made me throw up. 这强烈的气味使我呕吐了。
A delicious mouthwatering smell drifted from the kitchen. 一种使人垂涎的香味自厨房飘来。
19. chemical
1) n. [C] a substance used in chemistry or produced by a chemical process 化学制品，化学药品
e.g. Chemicals are used to keep the insects down. 化学药品用于阻止昆虫滋生。
We put chemicals in test tubes in our chemistry class.我们上化学课时把化学药品放进试管里。
2) adj. means involving or resulting from a reaction between two or more substances, or relating to the substances that something consists of. 化学的
e.g. Chemical weapons are banned internationally. 国际上禁止使用化学武器。
What is the chemical symbol for copper? 铜的化学符号是什么？
chemistry n. [U] the science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other 化学
e.g. She studied chemistry for three years. 她学了三年化学。
He is more highly educated, with a Ph.D. in chemistry.
他受过更高的教育，拥有化学博士学位。
参考译文
我的第一份工作
“干洗”这个词你可能早在某些衣服，比如漂亮的夹克、裤子或丝绸服装的标签上见过。我很了解这个词，因为从15岁至18岁，我每个周六都在一家干洗店打工。我接待顾客，把他们送来的衣物放入洗衣机，洗好后熨烫整形，再装袋。这是我的第一份工作。它不是特别有趣，更不吸引人，但是，现在回头看看，我认为它很重要。
这份工作很重要在那时唯一的原因是钱。那是我干得最辛苦却挣得最少的一份工。但是我用这份工挣的钱去付生活费，手机费，去葡萄牙度假，并且多亏了在上大学前那个暑期额外的轮班工作，我拥有了第一台笔记本电脑。
这份工作在现在看来很重要的原因之一是那是我第一次跟成年人平起平坐。作为一个青少年，经常与我们相处的人往往是我们的父母和老师这些对我们有管制权的人。打工给了我们一个和我们做相同工作的成年人相处的机会。假如你不干活，他们不会对你大吼大叫，或者在你放学后把你叫回去，他们只会告诉你以后再也不要来了，并且你再也没钱去买前面提到的那些东西。
还有一个原因就是衣服。我喜欢衣服。在干洗店工作给了我机会接触到一些漂亮的，昂贵的，做工精良的衣服。同时我也了解到哪些布料是可以代代相传的，而哪些则不能。这也是为什么我仍旧喜欢修补旧衣服胜过买新衣服的原因。
那段时光也使我认识到我不想要什么样的人生这一重要的事。我知道未来我不想给人洗衣服。我不想在狭小、偏僻的街道上工作，每个周六见到的是同样的人，我也不想回家时闻起来像化学制剂。所以18岁时我上了大学，虽然不知道长大后要干什么，但是我有属于自己的笔记本电脑，并且清楚的知道自己的未来不能是什么样的。它不能是“仅供干洗”。
☛ Fill in each blank with one word according to the passage you have just read.
Reading Activity 2 Read and Think Critically
（略）
After-reading Activity 1 Develop Your Vocabulary
☛ Complete each sentence with the proper form of the word given in brackets.
1. The produce was labeled (label) “Made in China”.
2. Bill opened the door to Harold and greeted (greet) him with cries of welcome.
3. We aim to offer good value and service to all our customers (customer).
4. She was in constant physical (physically) pain.
5. Some children find it difficult to talk to adults (adult).
6. Shake the bottle well so that the oil mixes (mix) with the vinegar.
7. He may suddenly take a dislike to foods that he’s previously (previous) enjoyed.
8. Cut flowers will last (last) longer if you put flower food in the water.
9. She smelled (smell) the milk to see if it had spoiled.
10. He got a “C” in Chemistry (chemical) and a “B” in English.
After-reading Activity 2 Know More Expressions
☛ Tell the meaning of each expression after the given example.
e.g. not attractive at all 一点也不吸引人
not satisfied at all 一点也不满意
not worry at all 一点也不担心
not angry at all 一点也不生气
e.g. thanks to extra shifts 多亏了额外的轮班工作
thanks to your efforts 多亏了你的努力
thanks to his suggestion 多亏了他的建议
thanks to new technology 多亏了新技术
e.g. tend to regularly spend time with sb. 往往和某人待在一起
tend to put on weight 往往容易长胖
tend to make mistakes 往往容易出错
tend to work long hours 往往工作时间很长
e.g. spent time with adults 和成人一起共度时光
spend time with children 与孩子们共度时光
spend more time with our families 多和家人一起共度时光
spend little time with his friend 没有时间和他朋友在一起
e.g. prefer to repair old clothes 更喜欢补衣服
prefer to walk 更喜欢步行
prefer to say yes 更喜欢说是
prefer to live peacefully 更喜欢宁静地生活
After-reading Activity 3 Listen and Write
☛ Listen to the following sentences and fill in the missing letters of each word. Check whether you really understand their meanings and can spell them correctly.
1. We bought a Danish phrase (短语) book.
2. He was sitting on a plastic (塑料制的) chair in the waiting room.
3. The restaurant is particularly (格外) popular with young people.
4. It is selling very well, in part because the packaging is so attractive (吸引人的).
5. There’s an extra (额外的) blanket in the bottom drawer of the cupboard.
6. Have you been able to switch your shift (轮班) with anyone?
7. So much has changed in the sport since I was a teenager (十几岁).
8. He spoke with authority (威信) on the topic.
9. She cut the dress out of some old material (布料).
10. She was one of the greatest minds of her generation (一代人).