Task 1 Learn Some Grammar Before Writing
Activity 1 Challenge Yourself
☛ Reading the following sentences and analyze their sentence patterns.
Sentence 1: A profile should include key personnel, descriptions of the company’s products or services. (SVO)
Sentence 2: Teaching online is becoming more than popular in colleges and universities. (SVP)
Sentence 3: On October 7, she became the country’s prime minister for one day. (SVP)
Activity 2 Practice Your Learning
关于基本句型的补充内容
1. 主谓宾宾补和主谓宾（主补）
主谓宾宾补可以和主谓宾（主补）互相转换，句型为主动语态时是主谓宾宾补句型，句型为被动语态时是主谓宾（主补），如：
We call him James. （主动语态的主谓宾宾补，We 是主语， call 是谓语动词， him 是宾语，James 是宾语补足语，解释 him 的名字）
He was called James. （被动语态的主谓宾主补句型，James 是He的补语，表示：He was James）
I find the car broken. （主动语态的主谓宾宾补，I 是主语， find 是谓语动词， the car 是宾语， broken 是宾语补足语，修饰 the car 的状态 ）
The car was found broken. （被动语态的主谓宾主补句型，broken 是 The car 的补语，表示：The car was broken）
2. 相同形式句子不同句型
相同形式的句子根据其语义和谓语动词种类分为不同句型，如：
I have the key to open the door. （主谓宾 + 定语，to open the door 作定语修饰 the key）
I wish the key to open the door. （主谓宾宾补, to open the door 作宾补修饰 the key, 说明 the key 的作用）
I used the key to open the door. （主谓宾 + 状语, to open the door 作状语修饰 used 的结果）上面的三个句子都是 动词 + 名词 + 不定式 形式的句子，但是它们不是相同的句型，第一句中的 have 意思是“拥有”，是及物单宾动词，to open the door 不会修饰动词 have，所以修饰宾语 the key，然后去掉 to open the door 之后变为 I have the key，句子意思不受影响，所以修饰 the key 的 to open the door 不是宾语补足语，而是定语； 第二句中的 wish 是"希望"，使用了固定短语 wish sb/sth to do， 所以此处的 wish 是及物宾补动词，去掉 to open the door 之后变为 I wish the key，句子意思不完整，所以该句型是主谓宾宾补； 第三句的 used 意思是“使用”，虽然和第一句一样也是及物单宾动词，但该句强调了“打开门的结果”，而不是 “使用” 的动作，所以 to open the door 作状语强调 used 的结果。
3. 相同动词不同句型
have有多种含义，既可以作为及物单宾动词、也可以作为及物宾补动词。
have ：“拥有”，行为动词 ，作为及物单宾动词，如：
I have homework to do. （主谓宾 + 定语，to do 作定语修饰 homework，另外to do 是主动语态，说明 逻辑主语 I 要完成homework）
I have homework to be done. （主谓宾 + 定语，to do 作定语修饰 homework，另外to do 是被动语态，说明其他人要替代 逻辑主语 I 完成homework）
have：“让，使，经历”，使役动词，作为及物宾补动词，如：
The teacher has us do our homework. （主谓宾宾补，翻译为：老师让我们做家庭作业，do our homework 作宾补说明 us 的动作）
The teacher has us doing our homework. （主谓宾宾补，翻译为：老师让我们一直做家庭作业，doing our homework 作宾补说明 us 的动作）
I have homework done. （主谓宾宾补，翻译为：我已经完成了家庭作业，done 作宾补说明homework 的状态）
☛ Tell the basic sentence patterns of the following sentences.
（B）1. You will get a surprise.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：You是主语，will get是谓语，a surprise是宾语。
(C) 2. He got his shoes and socks wet.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVOC
答案解析：He是主语，got是谓语，shoes and socks是宾语，wet是宾语补足语。
(A) 3. They got married yesterday.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：They是主语，got married是谓语，yesterday是时间状语。
(C) 4. All of us believed him honest.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVOC
答案解析：All of us是主语，believed是谓语，him是宾语，honest是宾语补足语。
(C) 5. The boy is innocent.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：The boy是主语，is是系动词，innocent是表语。
(A) 6. The pain passed.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：The pain是主语，passed是谓语。
(C) 7. My mother told me a story.
A. SV B. SVOC C. SVOO
答案解析：My mother是主语，told是谓语，me是间接宾语，a story是直接宾语。
(B) 8. She put the book in her bag.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：She是主语，put是谓语，the book 是宾语，in her bag是地点状语。
(B) 9. You can do it if you try hard.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVOC
答案解析：You是主语， can do是谓语， it 是宾语，后面是if引导的让步状语从句。
(B) 10. I have no friends.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：I是主语，have是谓语，no friends是宾语。
(A) 11. The baby is crying.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：The baby是主语，is crying是谓语。
(C) 12. Everything looks different.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：Everything是主语，looks是感官动词，作为系动词，different是标语。
(B) 13. The man broke the window.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：The man是主语，broke是谓语，the window是宾语。
(C) 14. He gave her a rose.
A. SVOC B. SVO C. SVOO
答案解析：He是主语，gave是谓语，her是间接宾语，a rose是直接宾语。
(C) 15. We keep the room clean.
A. SVP B. SVO C. SVOC
答案解析：We是主语，keep是谓语，the room是宾语，clean是宾语补足语。
(A) 16. They live in Los Angeles.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：They是主语，live是谓语，in Los Angeles是地点状语。
(B) 17. He put the coin in his mouth.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVOC
答案解析：He是主语，put是谓语，the coin是宾语，in his mouth是地点状语。
(C) 18. He taught us English last year.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVOC
答案解析：He是主语，taught是谓语，us是间接宾语，English是直接宾语， last year是时间状语。
(C) 19. We find the book very interesting.
A. SVO B. SVP C. SVOC
答案解析：We是主语，find是谓语，the book是宾语，interesting是宾语补足语。
(C) 20. I bought him a novel.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVOO
答案解析：I是主语，bought 是谓语，him是间接宾语，a novel是直接宾语。
Activity 3 Check your Learning
☛ Read the following sentences and choose the right answers.
(A) 1. They are talking about the film at the meeting.
A. SVO B. SVP C. SVOC
答案解析：They是主语，are talking about是谓语，the film是宾语，at the meeting是地点状语。
(B) 2. He opened the door.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：He是主语，opened是谓语，the door是宾语。
(C) 3. I bought him a novel.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVOO
答案解析：I是主语，bought是谓语，him是间接宾语，a novel是直接宾语。
(A) 4. They have been singing for half an hour.
A. SV B. SVO C. SVP
答案解析：They是主语，have been singing是谓语，for half an hour是状语。
(C) 5. We have proved the method very effective.
A. SVO B. SVP C. SVOC
答案解析：We是主语，have proved是谓语，the method是宾语，effective是宾语补足语。