节目中的透明类型
Transparent Forms of Broadcast Programmes
Broadcasting is a systematic industry producing media products to fill in public spaces with information flow，especially it can meet the masses'psychological needs of socialization.Obviously，the media-products cannot be only single kind of information about hard-news such as accidents and weatherconditions.So，the other kinds of social activities and cultural events are also very important part of human being's life.
For illustrating this part of a society，the industry must use other presenting patterns to picture certain social phenomina and cultural events.By doing so，information is present with much deeper reporting and broader focusing methods，which is very different from the methods of presenting hard-news.In Journalism it is defined as soft-news.
At present，the form of presenting the soft-news can be concluded：coming from a journalism background but engaging in a wider arena of cultural topics is mixing news，entertainments，and public affairs.
However，it is necessary to emphasize here that today's forms of TV programmes are originated from radio presenting styles.Hence，the famous and influential form called“Talk Television”is one of examples.
According to the relavent theoretical research，this form can be explained：“Talk television is from Live radio call-in.‘Talk television，’an extension of the‘hot topic’live radio call-in shows of the 1960s in America as a daytime television talk show.Later it syndicated nationally，featured audience members talking about the social issues that affected their lives.This so-called transparent form of television（the viewer taking for granted and looking through the forms of television：camera，lighting，switching，etc.）”（http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.entrycode=talkshows）
Therefore，all the programme contents are presented by various language uages.This is also why the form of Talk Television can give audience a familiar sense of radio programmes.
（一）非透明类型（面对面采访者=提问&对话式）
An Opaque Form［a face-to-face interviewer
=questioning & conversational］
“英播”EBTV软新闻类的主播与节目嘉宾间的面对面访谈互动（2005级、2006级“英播”）
“Anchor's Personality”is a version of the sharp-eyed personal character to the television screen two decades later such as David Letterman's“Late Night Show”.Anchor's ironic stance was increasingly acknowledged as capturing the“voice”of his generation and，whether as cause or effect，Letterman became a generational symbol.
This represented not only a cultural change but a new way of looking at television as a medium.Traditional camera was rooted in the neutral gaze of the proscenium arch tradition；Today's camera roamed wildly and flamboyantly through the studio.Trational Journalism acknowledged the camera with sly asides；Today's Journalism constant，neurotic intimacy with the camera，characterized by the habit of moving right up to the lens and speaking directly into it，represented a new level of self-consciousness about the medium.This form extended the“selfreferentiality”.
（二）白天时段受众参与类型（播述&播讲）
Daytime Audience Participation Form［narrating & talking］
EBTV英语新闻主播对受众的播讲状态、出镜记者现场采访提问状态（2006级“英播”）
When Oprah Winfrey rose to national syndication success in 1986 by challenging Phil Donahue in major markets around the country and winning ratings victories in many of these markets，she did not change.This form remained the format of the audience participation talk show essentially as it had been established it twenty years before.What changed was the cultural dynamics of this kind of form and that in turn was a direct reflection of the person who anchored it.
As well as refined marketing and advertising techniques，cultural issues also featured prominently in thisform.Its anchor's role as news talk show anchorman or anchorwoman was inseparable from her or his identity as a socialized woman or man.Her or his cultural heritage and roots surfaced frequently in programme accounts.The tapical example for this form is the American TV programme named“Oprah Winfrey's Show”.She worked has tempered the famous“Donahue-buster”strategy［American TV anchor-The“talk television”shows of Phil Donahue］by herself，and worked very hard not to appear too arrogant or conceited.
Conclusion
The form of news talk show prorammes，like the daily newspaper，is often considered a disposable form in our life.The programmes offered critics from the arts，humanities，and social sciences at least a familiar place to begin their studies.The form of news Talk show is truly synthetic creations of television or radio as a medium.
At present，the news talk show programmes have become microcosms of society as cutting-edge social and cultural issues are debated and discussed.So far，political and social analysts have begun to pay increasing attention to these forms of television and radio.
Therefore，the form of news talk-show has become increasingly important on television and radio programmes and their anchors increasingly influential.They speak to cultural ideas and ideals as forcefully as politicians or educators.
【笔者论述】
以上两种对新闻节目的分类，只是以节目呈现的风格来定位的。自然，由于风格的不同，也就会涉及驾驭节目而保持节目风格的主播表现状态紧密相关。
由于“英播”培养的是“运用非母语英语集采编播一体的、记者型的英语节目主持人”，所以，这一组从业人员的播音就具有了在全隔音的广播播音间或电视演播室的新闻播音，也有在这两处进行的有“一对一”或“一对二”和“一对三”式的“访谈节目”过程中的“对话式”播讲，还有面对众多参与节目的嘉宾式观众的“互动式”播讲，更有在现场进行采访时对节奏进行完全掌控的“采访式”的“提问对话式”的播音。
如此众多前提下的“播音”，都与日常生活中的“自然说话”完全不同。但归结起来，又都是有血有肉的人在“讲话”。这时的“讲话”，就是依据节目风格定位而要求的职业化“说话”的体现，也就是“播音”所涵盖的各类风格。
就目前的与“播音”风格紧密相连的节目定位从宏观上来分，是可以按照“硬新闻”和“软新闻”两大类而定位的。就驾驭节目内容与风格相统一的“播音”方式而言，可以分为“四类”方式的体现：旁白、替声、报道、叙述。
尽管这“四类”新闻播音风格定位是体现在几乎所有新闻条目里的，但是，每一类的体现效果却要求有不同的声音表现特点。集中到我们中国人用英语来体现这“四类”播音方式时，达到近乎合乎“规范”（即听上去自然而然地从母语“过渡”到职业化英语广播电视新闻播音的效果）的要求，还是需要完成从英语播音之“气息”、“发声”、“发音”的训练积累，达到其“播读”、“播报”及“播讲”的效果的。
如果单独来规范地呈现这“四类”之一的特点，还是相对容易一些。但是，在今天新闻节目的“全天候”播送下所形成的“硬新闻”与“深度报道”及“软新闻”的相互交叉编排，就形成了对驾驭新闻的主播转换播音方式的要求。这种转化，对目前实行直播不久的那些使用母语播音的主播们，都不能一步到位，就运用非母语英语的主播来说，所面对的挑战就更是巨大了。
就笔者对“英播”受训者积累的经验教训而言，这“四类”英语新闻播音方式定位的呈现与转换，可以有一定的规律来掌握。具体的内容，笔者在下一节里逐一展开。