5.2.4 The “D”Group—DAP,DPU,DDP D组——所在地交货、卸货地交货、完税后...

5.2.4 The “D”Group—DAP,DPU,DDP D组——所在地交货、卸货地交货、完税后交货

Table 5-8 The “D”Group—DAP,DPU,DDP

Under the “D”group of terms—DAP,DPU or DDP,you are required to deliver to the importer at his/her premise.Clearly,you bear the most responsibilities and risks under this group compared with other groups.DDP even asks you to clear the goods both for export and import and pay import duties.Insurance is optional for both sides,but,conceivably,it is highly suggested for your own sake.As a result,this group is not used too much,either,unless you are highly experienced in international logistics or you are doing business within a trade bloc,in which case,these terms give you a competitive edge over your rivals.

DAP asks you to deliver at any specified place of the importer’s country,but not to unload the cargo.With DPU,other things being equal,unloading is your responsibility.With DDP,other things being equal with DAP,you must clear both export and import customs,pay import duty,but not unload.See Table 5-8 for a comparison of their applicability and distribution of obligations and risks between the importer and the exporter.

Notably,according to Incoterms 2020,FCA,DAP,DPU and DDP now take into account that the goods may be carried without any third-party carrier being engaged,but by the trader’s own means of transportation.Under FCA,the importer may use his/her own means of transportation,while under DAP,DPU or DDP,the exporter may use his/her own.

Hopefully,by now,you may have gained a rough sense of similarities and differences among these Incoterms rules.From the “E”Group to the “D”Group,you bear escalating responsibilities and risks in the logistics process.For more details and differences from Incoterms 2010,please consult the original text of Incoterms 2020.