8.1.1.1 Risks：marine perils and extraneous risks风险...
♦Marine perils海上风险
Two types of risks are covered under CIC marine cargo insurance.One is related with the cargo’s status at sea,namely marine perils,whichinclude both natural calamities and fortuitous(unexpected)accidents at sea.Heavy weather,lightening,tsunami,earthquake,volcanic eruption,etc.are examples of natural calamities,while fortuitous accidents may be a fire,an explosion,the vessel’s being stranded,grounded,sunk or capsized,or its collision with icebergs or other objects,etc.
Figure 8-1 Risk,Losses,and Expenses
♦Extraneous risks外来风险
The other type,called extraneous risks,has nothing to do with the cargo’s status at sea—the cargo is susceptible to these risks even if it is placed at any other places.“Extraneous”means “not directly connected with the particular situation you are in or the subject you are dealing with”.Causes of extraneous risks can be of a general nature or a special nature.General extraneous risks include theft and pilferage,contamination,leakage,sweating and/or heating,taint of odor,rusting,hook damage,short-delivery and non-delivery,shortage in weight,clashing,etc.Special extraneous risks include war,strike or failure to deliver due to some special laws or regulations.