◉7.静警/矛盾(Oxymoron/Paradox)

7.静警/矛盾(Oxymoron/Paradox)

即自相矛盾法,就是所含意义与表达形式之间表面上相互矛盾,而实际上表达深刻的道理。矛盾修辞将相互矛盾、相互排斥的两个概念或判断巧妙地联系在一起,表达复杂的思想感情或意味深长的哲理。名词与名词、名词与形容词、副词与形容词、副词与动词以及形容词与形容词之间均可以构成矛盾修饰。如:a lovehate relationship(爱恨交织的关系),orderly chaos(有序混乱),wisely stupid(聪明的傻瓜),poor rich guys(贫穷的富人),painful pleasure(悲喜交加),a living death(行尸走肉),sweet sorrow(喜忧参半),proud humility(不卑不亢),等。

翻译矛盾修辞时应根据语境适当地引申或选择,有时候应照顾译入语的语言习惯。

汉译英

●钱不是万能的,没有钱是万万不能的。

Money is not everything,but having no money is totally unacceptable.

●年年难过年年过,

处处无家处处家。

Hard up,we manage to get over it each year;

Homeless,we try to make home everywhere.

●我们难道成了最熟悉的陌生人了?

Aren’t we familiar strangers?

●你无耻的样子很有我当年的神韵。

Your shameless behavior quite rhymes with that of mine once upon a time.

●宝钗笑道:“你的绰号早有了,‘无事忙’

三个字恰当得很。”

“You’ve already got one,”Baochai chuckled,“Much Ado about Nothing is just the name for you.”

——曹雪芹小说《红楼梦》

(在此例中,much ado和nothing的语义是相互矛盾的。译者正是巧用这一点把

对贾宝玉“终日瞎忙,无所事事”的讥讽传神地表现出来,具有画龙点睛之效果。)

●我痛并快乐着。

My life is painfully happy.

●你有什么不开心的?说出来让大家开心一下。

What makes you unhappy?Tell us to make us happy.

●快乐要有悲伤作陪,雨过应该就有天晴。如果雨后还是雨,如果忧伤之后还是忧伤,请让我们从容面对这离别之后的离别,微笑地去寻找一个不可能出现的你!

Happiness is accompanied by sorrow,and it would turn sunny after rain as well.If rain remains after rain and sorrow remains after sorrow,please take those farewells easy,and turn to smilingly look for yourself who is never to appear.

——2012年网络流行语

英译汉

电影True Lies译为《真实的谎言》,看似矛盾,实际上浓缩了施瓦辛格饰演的这一特工为了更好地工作,掩饰身份多年,在妻子面前煞费苦心,不让其觉察到而担心,而在犯罪分子面前努力保护妻子,完成任务的两难境地。lies是丈夫对妻子的谎言,而true则指丈夫对妻子真挚的爱。这里运用矛盾的修辞手法既译出了影片的主题,又符合原片名本身的矛盾修辞特征。

●New York has the poorest millionaire,the littlest greatmen,the haughtiest beggars,the plainest beauties,the lowest skyscrapers,the dolefulest pleasures of any town I ever saw.

纽约是一个我所见过的有着最贫穷的百万富翁、最渺小的伟人、最傲慢的乞丐、最丑陋的美人、最低矮的摩天大楼、最乏味的乐事的城市。

——美国作家欧·亨利

6个矛盾修饰的词组联用,表达了在说话者看来纽约实际上是:富人不富,伟人渺小,乞丐不穷,美人不美,高楼不高,乐事不乐。从而表现了纽约表面繁华富裕,而内里极度空虚、腐朽堕落的两重性。表面上看是自相矛盾,但仔细品读便会感到意味深长。

●The land did not move,but moved.The sea was not still,yet was still.Paradox flowed into paradox,stillness mixed with stillness,sound with sound.

大地止而亦行,大海动而亦静。万寂交而万籁和,若真若假,若是若非。

——美国作家E.R.布莱伯利

●My wife has two closets full of nothing to wear.

我太太有两柜子衣服,反倒没有衣服穿。

这话似乎很矛盾,但很真实。女人们要赶时髦,要比漂亮,因此不管有多少衣服,她们总觉得这也不合身,那也不如意。该男士运用矛盾修辞法十分幽默地道出了家庭中常见的烦恼。

●Beauty and folly are often companies.

美与蠢,常相伴。

●Impossible made possible,Cannon printing.

佳能,创造无限可能!

●She read the long⁃awaited letter with a tearful smile.

她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。

●Parting is such sweet sorrow.

离别是如此甜蜜的心酸。莎士比亚戏剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

●There was an audible stillness,in which the common voice sounded strange.

出现了一种有声的相对寂静,在这种寂静中普通的说话声听起来有点儿古怪。

——德莱塞小说《嘉莉妹妹》

如果把上例中的an audible stillness直译为“一种寂静”,就失去了原文的感染力。

●Money is not everything,because we have Mastercard.

钞票不是万能的,有时还需要信用卡。

●Why,then,Oh brawling love!Oh loving hate!

Oh any thing,of nothing first created!

Oh heavy lightness!Serious vanity!

Mis⁃sharpen chaos of well⁃seeming forms!

Feather of lead,bright smoke,cold fire,sick health!

Still⁃waking sleep that is not what it is!

This love feel I,that feel no love in this.

噢,吵吵闹闹的相爱!亲亲热热的怨恨!

噢,无中生有的一切!

噢,沉重的轻浮!严肃的狂妄!

整齐的混乱!

铅铸的羽毛,光明的烟雾,寒冷的火焰,憔悴的健康!

永远觉醒的睡眠,否定的存在!

我感觉到的爱情真是这么一种东西,可是我并不喜爱这一种爱情。

——莎士比亚戏剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》