◉11.对偶/对照（Antithesis/Contrast）
对偶或者对照就是用字数相同、意义相关、形式整齐的两个句子并列表达所形成的修辞格。对偶是汉文化的特有产物，与汉民族的审美情趣、汉文学的诗词曲赋的格律传统有密切关系。根据两句之间的语义关系，将它分为三类：
11.1 正对
上下句从不同的侧面说明同一事理，意义上互相补充。
汉译英
●“女人是祸水，女人就是麻烦。”有人在网上发帖道。
第二天，看到有人跟帖：“男人就是爱惹祸，男人就爱找麻烦。”
“A woman Causes trouble；a woman is trouble.”A sentence was written on the Internet.The very next day，people see a comment on the sentence “A man loves trouble；a man loves to look for trouble.”
●你所浪费的今天，是昨天死去的人奢望的明天。你所厌恶的现在，是未来的你回不去的曾经。
Your wasteful today is the tomorrow that the people died yesterday were longing for.Your hateful present is the past that in future you can never relive.
——2012网络流行语
●签字售书那天，那家伙，那场面那是相当大啊！那真是，锣鼓煊天，鞭炮齐鸣，红旗招展，人山人海，那把我挤桌子底下去了，那摞一桌子书都倒了。
What a grand scene on the day of my autograph sale！A deafening sound of gongs and drums，firecrackers chirp，red flags in the breeze and a sea of people.The wild crowd even wedged me under the table，leaving the pile of books in a total mess.
——小品《小崔说事》
●举头望明月，低头思故乡。
Raising my head，I see the moon so bright；withdrawing my eyes，my nostalgia comes around.
——李白诗歌《静夜思》
●来也匆匆？去也冲冲！
Come in with a rush？Leave after a flush！
●正处、副处，最后都不知落在何处；正局、副局，最后都是一样的结局；正部、副部，最后都在一起散步；总理、副总理，最后都是一个道理；主席、副主席，最后都会一样缺席。
Head and deputy head，where there is no place to headed in the end；director and deputy director，where there is no where to be directed in the end；minister and deputy minister，where there is no ministry to be ministered in the end；premier and deputy premier，where there is no premium to be premier in the end；chairman and deputy chairman，where there is no chair to be chaired in the end.
——网络流行语
●你出生的时候，你哭着，周围的人笑着；你逝去的时候，你笑着，而周围的人在哭！
When you were born，you’re crying but lookers⁃on were smiling.When you are passing away，you’re smiling but lookers⁃on are crying.
●无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。
The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower；
The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour.
——杜甫诗歌《登高》
●风声雨声读书声，声声入耳；家事国事天下事，事事关心。
The sounds of the wind，of the rain，and of reading aloud all come to my ears；the affairs of the state，of the family，and of the world are all my concerns.
●少年不识愁滋味，
爱上层楼，
爱上层楼，
为赋新词强说愁。
而今识得愁滋味，
欲说还休，
欲说还休，
却道天凉好个秋。
While young，I knew no grief I could not bear.
I’d like to go upstair.
I’d like to go upstair.
To write new verses，with a false despair.
I know what grief is now that I am old.
I would not have it told.
I would not have it told.
But only say I’m glad that autumn’s cold.
——辛弃疾词《丑奴儿》
英译汉
●Fashion passes.Style remains.
时尚易逝，但风格永存。
11.2 反对
上下句从正反两个方面加以叙述，意义上相反相成。把两种相反的事物并列起来，互相衬托，使清者显得更清，白者显得更白，光明美好愈见其善，黑暗丑恶愈见其劣；或者是把一种事物的正反两方面并列起来，以便更加鲜明、更加全面地表现事物的本质。
汉译英
●横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛。
译本一
Fierce⁃browed and with the presence of mind，
I defy a thousand pointing fingers；
Head⁃bowed，just like a willing ox，
I’m a good servant of people.
译本二
With a furious glare I confront the enemies，
With a humble heart I serve the people.
●今生我什么都放弃了，唯独没有放弃你。今生你什么都没放弃，唯独放弃了我。
In all my life I give up everything except you while in all your life you give up nothing but me.——2012年网络流行语
●穷居闹市无人问，富在深山有远亲。
In time of prosperity friends will be plenty；in time of adversity not one among twenty.
●写成的黑色字迹，
已被水和雨滴消灭；
未曾写出的心迹，
虽要拭去也无从。
Words written with black ink，
Have been effaced by water drops.
Unwritten designs in the mind，
（You）cannot erase them even if（you）want to.
——仓央嘉措的诗歌
英译汉
●To the world you may be one person，but to one person you may be the world.
对于世界而言，你是一个人；但是对于某人，你是他的整个世界。
●Go To Bed
Go to bed late，
Stay very small；
Go to bed early，
Grow very tall.
睡觉
睡觉晚，
长得小：
起床早，
长得高。
——儿歌
●Love makes man grow up or sink down.
爱情，要么让人成熟，要么让人堕落。
——电影《恋夏500天》
●Good love makes you see the whole world from one person while bad love makes you abandon the whole world for one person.
好的爱情是你通过一个人看到整个世界，坏的爱情是你为了一个人舍弃世界。
●Brief is life，but love is long.
生命虽短，爱却绵长。
——电影《其实你不懂他的心》
●Outwardly，I was everything a well⁃brought up girl should be.Inside，I was screaming.
外表看，我是个教养良好的小姐，骨子里，我很反叛。
——电影《泰坦尼克号》
●We are not here because we are free.We are here because we are not free.
我们在这里不是因为我们自由，我们在这里是因为我们不自由。
——电影《黑客帝国》
●Getbusylivingorgetbusydying.
要么忙于活着，要么忙于死去。
——电影《肖申克的救赎》
●You jump，I jump.
你跳，我就跟着跳。
——电影《泰坦尼克号》
●Love is one thing，and marriage is another.
爱情是一回事，婚姻却是另外一回事。
●Friendship is like earthenware once broken，it can be mended.
Love is like a mirror once broken，that ends it.
友谊就像陶器，破了可以修补；爱情好比镜子，一旦打破就难重圆。
——美国幽默作家比林斯J.
●Tide’s in，dirt’s out.
汰渍到，污垢逃。
——美国汰渍洗衣粉广告
●Great Gatsby
《了不起的盖茨比》
11.3 串对
串对也叫流水对，上下句意义相承，表达因果、条件等关系。使用在词义或情感上对立的词句，以形成鲜明的对比或对照。对偶最突出的特点是在形式上对称，因此翻译的时候就要特别注意形式上的对等。但由于英汉语言在形式上的差异，做到完全对等也是有一定的难度的。
汉译英
●虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one go forward；conceit makes one lag behind.
●只把照片带走，只把脚印留下。
Take nothing but pictures.Leave nothing but foot prints.
——公园告示
因为采用了平行结构，使简单的公共场所的告示也有了平衡对称之美和节奏感，增加了文采。
●有的人活着，他已经死了；有的人死了，他还活着。
Some people live，he has already died；some people are dead，he is still alive.
●我来了，你在哪儿？
I have come here，and where are you，my love？
——江苏卫视栏目《非诚勿扰》
英译汉
●Beauty，strengh，youth，are flowers but fading seen；
Duty，faith，love，are roots，and ever green.
美貌、体力、年轻，就像花朵，终将衰尽；
义务、信念、爱情，就像树根，万古长青。
●Speech is silver；silence is gold.
雄辩是银，沉默是金。
●It was the best of times，it was the worst of times，it was the age of wisdom，it was the age of foolishness，it was the epoch of incredulity；it was the season of light，it was the season of darkness；it was the spring of hope，it was the winter of despair；we had everything before us，we had nothing before us；we were all going direct to Heaven，we were all going direct to the other way.
这是最美好的时光，这是最恶劣的时光；这是智慧的时代，这也是愚蠢的时代；这是有信仰的时期，也是抱有怀疑的时期；这是光明的季节，也是黑暗的季节；这是富有希望的春天，也是充满绝望的冬天；我们面前万物皆有，我们面前也一无所有；我们都径直走向天堂，我们也都径直走向地狱。
——狄更斯小说《双城记》
●To have and to hold from this day forward，for better or for worse，for richer or for poorer，in sickness and in health，to love and to cherish，till death do we part.
从今天开始，愿长相厮守，无论顺境逆境，富贵或贫穷，身体健康或身患疾病，都相爱相惜，至死不渝。
●If a free society cannot help the many who are poor，it cannot save the few who are rich.
假如一个自由的社会不能帮助大多数穷人的话，也就不能挽救少数富人。
句中的few rich和many poor分别对应，前后两个相反的意思互为衬托，形成鲜明对比。
●My fellow Americans，ask not what your country can do for you；ask what you can do for your country.
我的美国同胞，不要问你的祖国能为你做什么，问你能为你的祖国做什么。
在平衡的两个句子中，作者把your country与you进行移位对照，以揭示和突出两者间的对立和矛盾，并使语言简练，声韵和谐。