◉17.蝉联/顶真（Catchword Repetition/Anadiplosis）
顶真，或称顶针、蝉联、续麻，修辞学上统称为“顶针格”。这种修辞方法就是把上一句末尾的词语作为下一句开头的词语，一句顶一句，一直连缀下去，像一串串珍珠似的，上传下接，首尾蝉联，造成接龙，不但使句子结构整齐，语气贯通，而且能突出事物之间环环相扣的有机联系。顶真是从律诗中脱胎出来的特殊文学，有着律诗声调和谐、抑扬顿挫的特点，并且语势贯通，音律优美。许渊冲说：“翻译不易，译诗更难，译格律诗更是难上难。”顶真诗、联只能在汉语中产生，原因是汉字是方块字，写出来整齐有致，不像拼音文字长短不一，而且汉字还可以从上往下写，这就构成了顶真诗、联的形美。
汉译英
例如《荀子》：“不闻不若闻之，闻之不若见之，见之不若知之，知之不若行之。”老舍《老张的哲学》：“打人就要费力气，费力气就要多吃饭，多吃饭就要费钱，费钱就是破坏他的哲学。”巧妙利用顶真可以给人一种繁弦急管之感。例如《愚公移山》中“愚公”说：“虽我之死，有子存焉；子又生孙，孙又生子；子又有子，子又有孙。子子孙孙，无穷匮也。”这里巧妙地运用了顶真，把世世代代的家族繁衍和移山的信念表达得十分强烈。创作儿歌的时候经常会运用到顶真，所谓的“连锁体”，就是指那些随韵联合、逐句相连的儿歌。例如下面这首欢快的《做习题》：“小调皮，做习题。习题难，画小雁；小雁飞，画乌龟；乌龟爬，画小马；小马跑，画小猫；小猫叫，吓一跳。学文化，怕动脑，看你怎么学得好？”顶真的修辞使得这首儿歌谐音相接，颇具情趣，充满了跳跃灵动的生气。顶真用得自然，还可以增强叙事状物的条理性和严密性。看似重复拖沓的叙述，却有别样的韵味。鲁迅在《祝福》里写到“我”和“四叔”的见面时说：“他比先前并没有什么大改变，单是老了些，但也还未留胡子，一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我‘胖了’，说我‘胖了’之后即大骂其新党。”这里用顶真强调了四叔的语序，显得格外严密，而正是这种严密的语序透露出他的虚伪、冷漠和迂腐。
●弹弹弹，弹走鱼尾纹！弹弹弹，弹走鱼尾纹！
Bomb，bomb，bomb away wrinkles！Bomb，bomb，bomb away wrinkles！
——丸美化妆品广告
●抽刀断水水更流，举杯消愁愁更愁。
But water still flows，though we cut it with our swords，and sorrows return，though we drown them with wine.
——李白诗歌《宣州谢朓楼饯别校书叔云》
●我为人人，人人为我。
One for all and all for one.
——列宁
●爱得痛了，痛得哭了，哭得累了日记本里页页执着。
Love causes pain，while pain causes tears.I cried till I was tired，but in every page of my diary was filled with persistence.
●赵本山：那时对付日本鬼子那是大坑套小坑，小坑套老坑，老坑中有水，水中还有钉，下去就没影儿。
Zhao Benshan：When we were intriguing against the Japs，we dug old pits in small pits，while small pits in big pits.There were nails in water and there was water in old pit.If any Jap fell into pits like these，he would be forever gone.
——小品《三鞭子》
从音节的整齐看是整句句式，从句子首尾的组合看来是顶真辞格。
●将军百战死，
壮士十年归。
归来见天子，
天子坐明堂。
Generals laid down their lives in a hundred battles，
And valiant soldiers returned after ten years in the service.
When she returned to an audience with the Son of Heaven，
The Son of Heaven sat in the Hall of Brightness.
——《木兰诗》
●上帝欲使人灭亡，
必先使其疯狂；
上帝欲使人疯狂，
必先使其买房。
Those whom God wishes to destroy，
he first makes them mad；
if God wants to make people mad，
he must make them buy a house.
——2011年网络流行语
●人法地，
地法天，
天法道，
道法自然。
Man follows the earth，
the earth follows heaven，
heaven follows Dao，
and Dao follows nature.——老子《道德经》
此句用顶真辞格来说明“地”“天”“道”和“自然”的内在联系，显得严密透彻，并阐明它们之间的辩证关系。
●今人不见古时月，
今月曾经照古人。
古人今人若流水，
共看明月皆如此。
People today see not the moon the ancient saw，
And yet this moon shone once upon the ancients.
Ancients，moderns are like the flowing waters
All see the bright moon as it is.
——李白诗歌《把酒问月》
●佟湘玉：额好悔呀，额从一开始就不应该嫁过来，如果额不嫁过来，额的夫君也不会死，如果额的夫君不死，额也不会沦落到这么一个伤心的地方。
Tong Xiang Yu I am wrong.I am really wrong.I am wrong from the beginning.I shouldn’t have married here.If I hadn’t married here，my husband would have never died.If my husband hadn’t died，I Would have never been in the heartrending place now.
——电视剧《武林外传》
顶真的运用，使得这段话极具整体感，音律流畅，一气呵成。佟湘玉的这一经典独白，在剧中多次出现。众人初听，顿生同情之心；二听，略嫌无趣；再听，唯恐避之不及。由此在剧情的发展过程中产生出一种喜剧效果，同时也将佟湘玉这一人物刻画得惟妙惟肖。
●从前有座山，山里有个庙，庙里有个和尚和老道，老道给和尚讲故事，讲啥呢？从前有座山，山里有个庙，庙里有个和尚和老道，老道给和尚讲故事，讲什么呢？
Once upon a time，there was a mountain.In the mountain there was a temple.In the temple there was a Buddhist monk and Taoist priest，and the fomer is going to tell the latter a story.What is it about？Once upon a time，there was a mountain.In the mountain there was a temple.In the temple there was a Buddhist monk and Taoist priest，and the fomer is going to tell the latter a story.What is it about？
●什么样的男人决定你有什么样的命运！你什么样的命决定你碰到什么样的男人。一个人出生决定环境，环境决定性格，性格谱写你的人生轨迹，所以得出一个结论，一切都是命中注定。
What kind of man you choose decides What kind of destiny you are to have！What kind of life determines what kind of man you are going to meet.A person’s breeding decides his environment，while the environment determines his personality，and his character makes his paths in life，so the conclusion is，everything is decreeded by fate.
——电视剧《蜗居》
●凭什么要我交作业？交了，又不一定是自己写的！写了，又不一定考！考了，又不一定能毕业！毕了业，又不一定找到工作！找到工作，又不一定找得到老婆！娶了老婆，又不一定会生孩子！生了孩子，又不一定会用功读书！会用功读书，又不一定考得上！考得上，又不一定会交作业……天啊！那我交作业干嘛？
Why do you ask for my homework？Even if I hand it in，it may not be done by myself！Even if I have done it by myself，it may not be a part of exam paper！Even if it is a part of exam paper，I may not graduate！Even if I graduate，I may not get a job！Even if I get a job，I may not get a wife！Even if I get a wife，I may not get a son！Even if I got a son，he may not study hard！Even if he study hard，he may not pass the entrance exam for undergraduate students！Even if he succeed in it，he may not hand in his homework……Oh，my God！Then why should I hand in my homework？
回文诗
●春回地绿山青青，
绿山青青碧水盈。
盈水碧青青山绿，
青青山绿地回春。
Spring comes as soon as the nature turns green，The nature turns green while the creek is clean.Clean is the creek while green turns the nature，Green turns the nature as soon as comes spring.
英译汉
●I wanted to be a man，and a man I am.
我立志做一个真正的男人；我现在终于成了一个真正的男人。
●Painting is silent poetry，and poetry is a a peaking picture.画是无言之诗，诗是有声之画。——古希腊作家西蒙尼特斯
●In literature，as in life，one of the fundamentals is to find，and be，one’s true self.One’s true self may indeed be unpleasant.
在文学作品中和在生活里一样，最基本的是找到自我，做真实的自己。而真实的自己确实不让人愉快。
此例中one’s true self的顶真使得句子前后连贯，并突出文学中真实自我的重要性。
●Everything that can be said，can be said clearly.凡是能说的事物，都是能够说清楚的。
●He gave his life，life was all he could give.他奉献了自己的生命，生命是他能奉献的一切。
●Our deeds determine us，much as we determine our deeds.什么样的人便决定了干什么样的事；同样，干什么样的事也决定了是什么样的人。
——英国小说家艾略特
●The more you learn，the more you know.The more you know，the more you forget.The more you forget，the less you know.So why bother to learn？
你学的越多，你知道的越多。你知道得越多，你忘记得就越少。你忘记的越多，你知道得越少。那还学什么学？
●Sweet and low，sweet and low，
Wind of the western sea，
Low，low，breathe and blow，
Wind of the western sea，
Over the rolling waters go，
Come from the dying moon and blow，
Blow him again to me；
While my little one，while my pretty one sleeps
西边海上的风啊，
你多么轻柔，多么安详；
西边海上的风啊，
你轻轻地吹吧，轻轻地唱。
你告别西沉的月亮，
又飞过海上起伏的波浪，
伴送小宝的爸爸回家乡，
回家乡，把睡着的小宝来看望。
——阿尔弗莱德·丁尼生诗歌
●The Farthest Distance in the World
The furthest distance in the world，
Is not between life and death，
But when I stand in front of you，
Yet you don’t know that I love you.
The furthest distance in the world，
Is not when I stand in front of you，
Yet you can’t see my love.
But when undoubtedly knowing the love from both，
Yet cannot，
世界上最遥远的距离
世界上最遥远的距离
不是 生与死的距离
而是 我站在你面前 你不知道我爱你
世界上最遥远的距离
不是 我站在你面前 你不知道我爱你
而是 爱到痴迷 却不能说我爱你
Be togehter.
The furthest distance in the world，
Is not being apart while being in love.
But when plainly can not resist the yearning，
Yet pretending
You have never been in my heart.
The furthest distance in the world，
Is not when plainly can not resist the yearning
yet pretending you have been in my heart，
But we cannot be together when we love each
other.
The farthest distance in the world，
Is not we cannot be together when we love each
other，
But we pretend caring nothing even we know
love is unconquerable.
The farthest distance in the world，
Is not the distance between two trees，
But the branches cannot depend on each other in
wind even they grow from the same root.
The farthest distance in the world，
Is not the branches cannot depend on each
other，
But two stars cannot meet even they watch each
other.
The farthest distance in the world，
Is not the track between two stars，
But nowhere to search in a tick after two tracks
join.
The farthest distance in the world，
Is not nowhere to search in a tick，
But doomed not to be together before they
meet.
The farthest distance in the world，
Is the distance between fish and bird，
One is in the sky，another is in the sea.
世界上最遥远的距离
不是 爱到痴迷
却不能说我爱你
而是 想你痛彻心扉
却只能深埋心底
世界上最遥远的距离
不是 想你痛彻心扉 却只能深埋心底
而是 彼此相爱 却不能够在一起
世界上最遥远的距离
不是 彼此相爱 却不能够在一起
而是 明知道真爱无敌 却装作毫不在意
世界上最遥远的距离
不是 树与树的距离
而是 同根生长的树枝 却无法在风中
相依
世界上最遥远的距离
不是 树枝无法相依
而是 相互守望的星星 却没有交汇的
轨迹
世界上最遥远的距离
不是 星星之间的轨迹
而是 纵然轨迹交汇 却在转瞬间无处
寻觅
世界上最遥远的距离
不是 瞬间便无处寻觅
而是 尚未相遇 便注定无法相聚
世界上最遥远的距离
是鱼与飞鸟的距离
一个在天 一个却深潜海底
——泰戈尔诗歌