9.总结和结论
人工智能有潜力成为经济增长和社会进步的主要驱动力，但这需要产业、公众和政府共同努力支持这项技术的发展，并认真关注其潜力和管理其风险。正如英国下议院科学与技术委员会（House of Commons Science and Technology Committee）所言，“虽然现在就为这个新生领域制定全行业法规还为时过早，但从现在开始对人工智能系统的伦理、法律和社会问题进行仔细审查是至关重要的。”[139]
政府须扮演多重角色。包括：负责召集关于重要问题的对话，并帮助制定公开讨论的议程；在应用程序开发过程中监控其安全性和公平性，并调整监管框架，在保护公众利益的同时鼓励创新研发；制定公共政策以确保人工智能在提高劳动生产率的同时避免对劳动力部门造成负面经济影响；支持人工智能在公益领域的基础研究和应用研究；支持培训劳动力向技术熟练和多样化方向发展；利用人工智能实现更快捷、更有效、更低成本地为公众服务。在很多公共领域都将看到人工智能不断进步带来的新机遇和新挑战，政府须继续增强其理解和适应这些变化的能力。随着人工智能技术的不断发展，从业者须确保人工智能系统是可管理的、公开的、透明的和可理解的，使人工智能行为与人类的价值观和未来期望保持一致。[140]
构建合理有效的全球治理体系和政策对于人工智能的发展至关重要。各国需要从军事、贸易、政治、社会等各方面协调利益冲突开展对话，跨越不同文化差异，充分讨论人工智能全球策略并形成共识。开发人工智能将让我们有机会更好地欣赏人类智慧。如果恰当地使用人工智能可以增强人类驾驭自然的能力，规范的人工智能是人类文明的传承，我们期盼在人工智能的神助下人类将拥有一个更加睿智的未来世界。[141]
【注释】
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