4.结论和探讨
本文旨在对衡量各国数据开放表现的各类方法进行评估。文中审视了有关数据开放成果的三项国际指数的构建，即全球开放数据指数、开放数据监测和开放数据晴雨表。
尽管欲度量的基本概念相同，三个指数的度量方法却截然不同。GODI通过众包提交的方式建立数据库集合，之后利用专家问卷对主要依赖于“系统”的标准数据库进行评估。ODM利用名为采集器的自动化软件工具分别估算各国开放数据的发布质量和数量。ODB的评估过程更为全面且基础广泛，包括单独的实施副指数（数据内在质量和系统相关因素）、国家对数据开放计划的准备情况及潜在影响。ODB方法还有赖于更广泛的多样化信息输入，包括政府自我评估、专家评审、数据库评估和次要数据。采样方法亦大不相同：GODI主要关注高收入和中高收入国家，对偏低收入国家亦有所体现。ODM涵盖欧盟的32个国家，不包括任何低收入国家。ODB覆盖115个国家，区域覆盖范围最为平衡，包括撒哈拉以南非洲和加勒比地区的若干国家。
在可靠性方面，发现GODI和ODB高度相关，而ODM与GODI和ODB则不存在显著相关（尽管仍为正相关）。ODB的指数编制法更为自动化，依靠采集器收集元数据。另两种方法则主要依靠人力输入，包括众包数据库和专家人工评估数据库质量。人类编码人员显然能够找到数据开放质量的度量角度，而这些角度在单独的元数据中却并不明显。
本研究亦强调了度量方法在向电子政务乃至信息社会迈进过程中的重要性。尽管有关指数度量的概念明显相同，但所选具体方法和所用样本的差异令各指数产生了稍显矛盾的结果。更密切关注不同方法导致不同结果的原因可能对科学决策具有重要意义。
【注释】
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