6.1.1 词语并置
在汉语中，词语并置可以分为以下三种情形。
词语并置，可以是反义词并置，如下面例163）中的“近”与“远”，例164）中的“信”与“疑”，例165）中的“大”与“小”，例166）和例167）中的“上”与“下”，例168）至例172）中的“早”与“晚”。这些反义词并置后所形成的语言单位“抄近绕远”“似信似疑”“大大小小”“由上至下”“上下”“早晚”在词汇化程度上都比较高，有了一定的熟语性质。
163）他们的拉车姿式，讲价时的随机应变，走路的抄近绕远，都足以使他们想起过去的光荣，而用鼻翅儿扇着那些后起之辈。
Their style of running，their shrewd bargaining abilities，and the deft use of shortcuts or circuitous routes help them relive the glories of their past，which is why they turn up their noses at younger men.
164）祥子没法不说实话了，把曹宅的事都告诉了她。她眨巴着眼似信似疑的：
Incapable of making up a story，Xiangzi told her all that had happened at the Cao home，and she stood there blinking，not sure if she should believe him or not.
165）The Queen had only one way of settling all difficulties，great or small.
那皇后遇着大大小小的无论什么问题，只有一个解决的法子。
166）由上至下整个的像一面极大的火镜，每一条光都像火镜的焦点，晒得东西要发火。
Wherever you looked，up or down，the world was like a fiery mirror on which every ray of sunlight seemed focused，turning everything it touched into flame.
167）在拐弯抹角和上下坡儿的时候，他特别的小心。几乎是过度的小心。
He was careful when he took corners or negotiated a slope，up or down.
168）if you drink much from a bottle marked‘poison，’it is almost certain to disagree with you，sooner or later.
假如你把上面写着“毒药”字样的瓶子里的水喝的稍微太多了一点，那就早晚总会觉得那水于你不大相宜的。
169）我就早知道吗，他一跑起来就不顾命，早晚是得出点岔儿。
I knew something like this would happen sooner or later，the way he runs，like a man with a death wish.
170）那长得丑的，将来承袭她们妈妈的一切；那长得有个模样的，连自己也知道，早晚是被父母卖出，“享福去”！
The ugly ones would take over for their mothers in time，while the decent-looking girls knew that sooner or later they would be sold by their parents to enjoy a good life，as they say.
171）自己早晚是一死，但须死一个而救活了俩！
Death would come sooner or later，but she wanted her death to be the salvation of two young lives.
172）懒人的思想不能和人格并立，一切可以换作金钱的都早晚必被卖出去。
Moral integrity has no place in the philosophy of a lazy man；sooner or later anything that can be converted to cash will be sold.
并置的词语也可以是属于同一语义场的并列下义词（co-hyponym），如例173）和例174）中同属于动物语义场的“猫”“狗”和“猪”，例175）至例178）中同属于饮食语义场的“烟”“酒”“麦茬”“白薯”“鱼翅”和“燕窝”，例179）中同属于动作语义场的“买”和“拾”，例180）中同属于喜丧语义场的“红事”和“白事”，例181）中同属于女性语义场的“姑娘”和“媳妇”，例183）中同属于商业场所语义场的“饭铺”和“理发馆”。例182）中的“急事”和“急病”的关系有些特殊，不能说是典型的并列下义词关系，但在紧急这一点上是相同的。
173）祥子遇见过的主人也不算少了，十个倒有九个是能晚给一天工钱，就晚给一天，表示出顶好是白用人，而且仆人根本是猫狗，或者还不如猫狗。
Xiangzi had worked for several employers，nine out of ten of whom would be late paying wages to show that they would rather not pay at all，since，in their view，servants were little more than dogs or cats，if that.
174）以自己的体格，以自己的忍性，以自己的要强，会让人当作猪狗，会维持不住一个事情，
A man with his physique，his ability to endure so much，and his determination should not be treated like a pig or a dog and ought to be able to hold down a job.
175）烟酒可以让人，钱不能借出去，自己比一切人都娇贵可怜。
It was all right to treat his friends to a cigarette or a drink，but he kept his savings to himself，since he was in greater need of coddling and pity than anyone.
176）没有钱，他央求赏给点破衣服，衣服到手马上也变了钱，钱马上变了烟酒。
If they wouldn’t give him money，he asked for some old clothes，then immediately converted them into cash，which he smoked or drank up.
177）他们会给办红白事的去打执事，会去跟着土车拾些碎铜烂纸，有时候能买上几个烧饼，有时候只能买一斤麦茬白薯，连皮带须子都吞了下去，
So they began running errands at weddings and funerals and digging in garbage carts for scrap iron and paper they could sell for a few flatbreads or some sweet potatoes，which they’d gobble down，skins，roots，and all.
178）Game，or any other dish？
鱼翅燕窝比不上！
179）然后，大一点的要是能找到世界上最小的资本，便去连买带拾，凑些冰核去卖。
Then the older boys would buy—if they could scrape together even a bit of cash—or steal chunks of ice to resell.
180）朋友之中若有了红白事，原先他不懂得行人情。
In the past，he’d ignored his social obligations whenever someone had a funeral or a wedding；
181）咱们拉车人的姑娘媳妇要是忽然不见了，总有七八成也是上那儿去了。
And if the wife or daughter of one of the rickshaw men disappears all of a sudden，chances are that’s where you’ll find them.
182）大家若是有个急事急病，只须告诉他一声，他不含忽，水里火里他都热心的帮忙，这叫作“字号”。
But if one of them had an urgent matter to attend to or was laid low with an illness，all he had to do was tell Fourth Master.Without the slightest equivocation，he was ready with a helping hand，and nothing would stop him，not a fire and not a flood.That is how one earns a reputation.
183）……像饭铺理发馆进来客人，看了一眼，又走出去那样。
…as when someone walks into a restaurant or barbershop，takes one look，and walks back out.
词语并置还可以通过逗号来连接，逗号表示语音上的停顿。并置的词语可以是两项，如例184）中的“病，意外的祸害”，例186）中的“英国兵，法国兵”，也可以是三项并置，如例185）中的“西山，燕京，清华”，例186）中的“万寿山，雍和宫，‘八大胡同’”，例187）中的“打牌，请客，有饭局”，甚至可以四项连用并置，如例188）中的“凌迟，砍头，剥皮，活埋”。在这些汉语句子中，逗号所连接的成分在语法性质上是平行的，在语义上也都可以用“不论是……还是……，都……”这样的句式来转写，表达析取关系，因此在英语中相应地可以用“or”来翻译。
184）不想花，也不想再买车，只是带在身旁，作为一种预备——谁知道将来有什么灾患呢！病，意外的祸害，都能随时的来到自己身上，总得有个预备。
He did not want to spend it，even though he was no longer saving up to buy a rickshaw.He kept it with him，just in case，knowing that the next calamity could be right around the corner，and that he had to be prepared for the possibility of an illness or some other sudden catastrophe.
185）生于西苑海甸的自然以走西山，燕京，清华，较比方便；同样，在安定门外的走清河，北苑；在永定门外的走南苑……
Those native to Xiyuan and Haidian naturally ply their trade in the Western Hills or around the universities at Yanjing and Tsinghua；those from Anding Gate stick to the Qinghe and Beiyuan districts；while those outside of Yongding Gate work in the area of Nanyuan.
186）英国兵，法国兵，所说的万寿山，雍和宫，“八大胡同”，他们都晓得。
…when a British or French soldier says he wants to go to the Summer Palace or the Yonghe Monastery or the Eight Alleys redlight district，they understand.
187）别看吃喝不好，活儿太累，也许时常打牌，请客，有饭局；
The food is terrible and the work exhausting，but maybe they have mahjong parties or invite guests for dinner or go out at night.
188）枪毙似乎太简单，他们爱听凌迟，砍头，剥皮，活埋，听着像吃了冰激凌似的，痛快得微微的哆嗦，……
A firing squad seemed too commonplace，nowhere near as much fun to watch as the death of a thousand cuts，beheadings，or skinning or burying alive；the mere sound of these punishments produced the same shuddering enjoyment as eating ice cream.