6.1.2 平行结构
平行结构的构成可以有多种情形。
可以是“的”字结构并置，例如例189）至例191）。
189）作买卖的，卖力气的，不怕没有生意，倒怕有了照顾主儿而没作成买卖，……
People in business or those who sell their labor aren’t as concerned about having no customers as they are about losing the ones they have，…
190）街上的人都显出点惊急的样子，步行的，坐车的，都急于回家祭神，可是地上湿滑，又不敢放开步走。
People out on the streets were on edge as they headed home，on foot or in rickshaws，to perform the rites，but went cautiously，as the ground was treacherously slick.
191）赴会的，看会的，都感到一些热情，虔诚，与兴奋。
Those who took part in the fairs or just went to watch experienced the same enthusiasm，piety，and excitement.
平行结构可以通过重复某些字眼来构成，如例192）和例193）中重复出现的“也好”，例194）中重复出现的“也是”，例195）中重复出现的“也罢”，例196）和例197）中重复出现的“什么”，例198）中重复出现的“过”。例199）至例201）分别重复出现动词“占”“找”和“行”，均在动词第二次出现时同时使用了“也”。例202）中的“四十以上，二十以下”和例203）中的“六百辆，六千辆”都与数量有关，在结构上也是平行的，同时也有字眼重复。例204）中的“就”和“便”是同义词，可以认为是重复出现的一种特例。
192）自从有了这辆车，他的生活过得越来越起劲了。拉包月也好，拉散座也好，他天天用不着为“车份儿”着急，拉多少钱全是自己的。
Life improved for Xiangzi now that he had his own rickshaw，whether it was a steady job or individual fares，since he no longer had to worry about the rental fee.Every cent he took in was his.
193）凡是以前他所混过的宅门，他都去拜访，主人也好，仆人也好，见面他会编一套谎，骗几个钱；
He visited the home of everyone he’d ever worked for and made up a sad story；master or servants，it made no difference.
194）自从她守了寡，她就把月间所能剩下的一点钱放出去，一块也是一笔，两块也是一笔，放给作仆人的，当二三等巡警的，和作小买卖的，利钱至少是三分。
Gao Ma did have a way with money.Since becoming a widow，she’d lent out whatever was left over at the end of the month to fellow servants，local policemen，and peddlers，one or two yuan at a time，at thirty percent or higher interest.
195）昨天放了一天的车份儿，可是今天谁也没空着手来吃饭，一角也罢，四十子儿也罢，大小都有份儿礼金。
Though they had been forgiven their rental fee the day before，none had come to the table that morning empty-handed，whether it was ten cents or forty，all destined to fill the celebrant’s pockets.
196）他的身子懒，而耳朵很尖，有个消息，他就跑到前面去。什么公民团咧，什么请愿团咧，凡是有人出钱的事，他全干。
He’d grown lazy，but his ears were sharper than ever，and he never missed an opportunity to show up where there was money to be made：joining a citizens’parade or a protest rally，anything at all，as long as he was paid.
197）‘I know something interesting is sure to happen，’she said to herself，‘whenever I eat or drink anything；so I’ll just see what this bottle does…’
她对自己说道，“我知道我一吃什么一喝什么，就一定会有好玩儿的事情出来的，……”
198）虽然闹过病，犯过见不起人的症候，有什么关系呢。
So what if I was sick or that I contracted a social disease？
199）你一个人占一间房，你们俩也占一间房；住的地方可以不发生问题。
I have a vacant room；whether for you alone or the two of you，it makes no difference.
200）没得到什么正确的消息。还不敢失望，连饭也不顾得吃，他想去找二强子；找到那两个弟弟也行。
He left disappointed but still hopeful.Without pausing to eat，he went looking for Er Qiangzi，either him or the two boys.
201）地上行吗？上来挤挤也行呀！
You can have the floor or you can squeeze in here with me，your choice.
202）年纪在四十以上，二十以下的，恐怕就不易在前两派里有个地位了。
Men over forty or younger than twenty have little chance of falling into either of these classes.
203）就是他们父女都愿意，他也不能要她；不管刘老头子是有六十辆车，还是六百辆，六千辆！
He wouldn’t marry her even if they were both willing，not even if the old man owned six hundred or six thousand rickshaws.
204）这口气使他进就进，退便退，他已没有主张。
This breath dictated whether he went forward or retreated；he had no will of his own.
例189）至例204）的共同点是某些字眼重复，致使语言形式有相似性，结构上也往往是平行的。下面例子中的平行结构则主要体现在平行成分的语法结构相同，如例205）至例207）采用了动宾短语并置的形式，例208）是介词短语并置，例209）是定中短语并置，虽然中心词表意复杂，但起限定作用的“出殡用的”和“娶亲用的”这两个“的”字短语不仅结构平行，而且音节数量相同。
205）……可是军官高了兴，也带她吃回饭馆，看看戏，……
…but when he was in a good mood，he’d taken her to a restaurant or to a show，…
206）上山的上山，逛庙的逛庙，看花的看花……至不济的还可以在街旁看看热闹，念两声佛。
Some climbed the mountain，some visited temples，and others took in flower shows…those too poor to do any of that could still stand by the road and watch the excitement or recite a Buddhist chant or two.
207）那小些的，不敢往远处跑，都到门外有树的地方，拾槐虫，挖“金钢_”什么的去玩。
The younger children，who dared not wander far from home，would play with locust beetles near the compound gate or dig up larva.
208）走乏了，便在红墙前，绿松下，饮几杯足以引起闲愁的清茶，偷眼看着来往的大家闺秀与南北名花。
When they tired，they sat at the feet of red walls or beneath pine trees to drink cups of green tea and dream their melancholy dreams，taking time out to steal glances at the daughters of rich families and courtesans from north and south who passed by.
209）出殡用的松鹤松狮，纸扎的人物轿马，娶亲用的全份执事，与二十四个响器，依旧在街市上显出官派大样，使人想到那太平年代的繁华与气度。
Longevity cranes and lion dogs that led funeral processions replete with paper figurines of people，chariots，and horses，or the dignitaries and twenty-four musical instruments in weddings still evoked an aura of power and prestige，reminiscent of the prosperity and spirit of more peaceful times.
在平行成分出现三个以上时，平行结构更有赖于相关字眼的重复，同时相关字眼的重复出现也使得平行结构的平行性体现得更为明显，如下面的例210）至例214）。
210）以杨先生的海式咒骂的毒辣，以杨太太的天津口的雄壮，以二太太的苏州调的流利，他们素来是所向无敌的；
No one had been able to withstand Mr.Yang’s withering Shanghai curses，his wife’s imperious Tianjin scolding，or his concubine’s Suzhou rebukes，…
211）处处干燥，处处烫手，处处憋闷，整个的老城像烧透的砖窑，使人喘不出气。
No place escaped the dry，blistering heat or oppressive air that turned the ancient city into a blazing kiln.
212）他没法赶走虎妞，他将要变成二强子，变成那回遇见的那个高个子，变成小马儿的祖父。
He could not drive Huniu away，and one day he would be just like Er Qiangzi or that tall fellow he’d met that day or Little Ma’s granddad.
213）好远行的与学生们，到西山去，到温泉去，到颐和园去，去旅行，去乱跑，去采集，去在山石上乱画些字迹。
Hikers and students made treks to the Western Hills or hot springs，even to the Summer Palace to stroll the grounds，gather up things they found，or write their names on rocks.
214）在这种时候，他也很会掏坏，什么横切别的车，什么故意拐硬弯，什么别扭着后面的车，什么抽冷子搡前面的车一把，他都会。
At such times he delighted in a bit of mischief，like cutting in front of other rickshaws or turning sharp corners to make the runners behind him swerve or stumble，or to catch the ones ahead off guard.
平行结构不仅可以在短语层面出现，也可以在小句或句子层面出现，如下面例215）至例219）中的问句并置。其中，例215）和例216）中表示疑问的两个小句在整个句子中充当一定的句子成分，而例217）至例219）则将表示疑问的两个小句直接连用，并置在一起。这些例句不仅有问句形式的重复出现，还有相关字眼的重复出现，如例215）中的“还用……什么”，例216）中的“叫”，例217）中的“我的”，例218）中的“准”，例219）中的“万一”。
215）肚子饱了就去睡，还用想什么呢，还用希望什么呢？
When that was done，he went back to bed.What could he gain by thinking or hoping？
216）什么叫事情，哪个叫规矩，×你们的姥姥！
Why the fuck should he care about this business or about proper behavior！
217）‘…—but then I wonder what Latitude or Longitude I’ve got to？’“……——但是我的纬度是多少嘞？我的经度到了哪儿嘞？”
218）谁准知道她肚子里的小孩是他的不是呢？不错，她会带过几辆车来；能保准吗？
And what guarantee did he have that the child in her belly was his？Or that she’d bring the rickshaws along with her？
219）大家越看越没劲，也越舍不得走开；万一他忽然说出句：“再过二十年又是一条好汉”呢？万一他要向酒店索要两壶白干，一碟酱肉呢？
The onlookers were starting to lose interest but not enough to leave.What if all of a sudden he shouted，“I’ll come back in twenty years，better than before！”Or what if he asked for a couple of pots of liquor and some meat to go with it？