6.5.1 层级序列

6.5.1 层级序列

在这一类别中,两个析取支所表达的内容有层级差异,形成一定的序列,如例351)至例355)。

351)‘It’s no use speaking to it,’she thought,‘till its ears have come,or at least one of them.’

她想道,“我对它说话,它要是没有耳朵有什么用?至少总要等它现出一只耳朵再说话。”

352)有了这点简单的分析,我们再说祥子的地位,就像说——我们希望——一盘机器上的某种钉子那么准确了。

Now with this overview of the rickshaw trade,let’s see where Xiangzi fits in,in order to place—or at least attempt to place—him as precisely as a cog in a machine.

353)一句话不对路,有的便要打孩子,有的便要打老婆;即使打不起来,也骂个痛快。

One careless word could easily lead to a beating—children or wives,it made little difference—or at the very least an angry outburst.

354)不错,高妈的确有办法:自从她守了寡,她就把月间所能剩下的一点钱放出去,一块也是一笔,两块也是一笔,放给作仆人的,当二三等巡警的,和作小买卖的,利钱至少是三分。

Gao Ma did have a way with money.Since becoming a widow,she’d lent out whatever was left over at the end of the month to fellow servants,local policemen,and peddlers,one or two yuan at a time,at thirty percent or higher interest.

355)怎样过这个“双寿”呢?祥子有主意:头一个买卖必须拉个穿得体面的人,绝对不能是个女的。最好是拉到前门,其次是东安市场。

Now,how to celebrate this double birthday?He had an idea:his first ride had to be a well-dressed man,not a woman.Ideally,he’d take him to Front Gate or,second best,Dong’an Market.

从例351)至例355)可以看出,这些句对一般包含“at least”“at the very least”“至少”等词语。如果没有这些词语,在意思上往往也可以补出来,如例352)中的“说”和“希望”在对自己论断的肯定性上有强弱之分,形成了一定的层级,所以可以把“至少”显化出来,补足成“至少我们希望”。例353)中的“打”与“骂”在破坏性上也有层级差异。例355)中的“最好是……其次是……”明确呈现了一个层级序列。从这些例子中可以看出,在表达有语义强弱之分的层次序列时,汉语中的析取关系标记一般不外显出来,尽管加上去也勉强说得通。