6.2.2 双否并置

6.2.2 双否并置

在双否并置这一小类中,¬p∧¬q这个否定合取式的两个否定标记¬均显性存在,只有合取关系∧通过并置的形式来体现。此时,并置形式一般均以逗号形式来连接并置的成分,偶尔也可能不用逗号而直接连在一起,如下面例266)中的“无亲无故”。

两个否定标记可以都用“不”或含有“不”的词语来实现,如下面例子中的例248)至例254)。

248)脸不洗,牙不刷,原来都没大关系,不但省钱,而且省事。

He could also save time and money by not washing his face or brushing his teeth.

249)讲动武,祥子不能打个老人,也不能打个姑娘。他的力量没地方用。

Since Xiangzi was not capable of hitting an old man or a woman,his strength lacked an outlet.

250)屋子糊好,她去讲轿子:一乘满天星的轿子,十六个响器,不要金灯,不要执事。

The rooms now in readiness,she went out to arrange for a bridal sedan chair,specifying that she wanted it decorated with stars and accompanied by sixteen musicians,but no gold lanterns or formal escort.

251)她的身上老有些地方像虎妞,不是那些衣服,也不是她的模样,

…there was something about her that reminded him of Huniu.It wasn’t her clothes or her looks;…

252)…a large caterpillar,that was sitting on the top with its arms folded,quietly smoking a long hookah,and taking not the smallest notice of her or of anything else.

那毛毛虫抄着手坐在那蘑菇的顶上,安安静静地抽着一个很长的土耳其水烟袋,一点也不理会阿丽思,好像什么闲事也不高兴问似的。

253)他进了大门,一直奔了小福子的屋子去。顾不得敲门,顾不得叫一声,他一把拉开了门。

He passed through the gate and went straight to Fuzi’s room,opening the door without waiting to knock or calling to her.

254)决不想上曹宅去了,连个信儿也不必送,曹先生救不了祥子的命。

He had no desire to go see Mr.Cao,or even to write to him.Mr.Cao could not save him now.

255)有了自己的车,他可以不再受拴车的人们的气,也无须敷衍别人;

Owning a rickshaw meant never having to suffer mistreatment or do the bidding of people who rented them out.

256)六十九,七十九也不行,也得讲理!

He had no right to be unreasonable,whether he was sixty-nine or seventy-nine…or eighty-nine or ninety-nine…

例255)和例256)有些特殊。例255)中的两个否定标记并不是全部由“不”或含有“不”的词语来承担的,而是由“不再”与“无须”配合实现的。例256)虽然只出现了一个否定标记“不行”,但由于出现了“也”,根据所表达的意思,可以将汉语原文补足成“六十九不行,七十九也不行,也得讲理!”也正是由于这一点,为增强语势,英译文顺势增译了“or eighty-nine or ninety-nine”。

承担否定标记功能的含有“不”字的词语中,“不管”“不论”特别值得注意,因为“不管”“不论”的词汇化程度会有差异。例257)中“不管”二字可分开理解,也正因为如此,才有可能使用诸如例258)中不含“不”字的“哪管”。例259)和例260)中的“不管”“不论”的词汇化程度较高,可以认为是连词,但是在一定程度上也可以将两个字分开来解读。

257)没有包月,他就拉整天,出车早,回来的晚,他非拉过一定的钱数不收车,不管时间,不管两腿;

He took monthly hires when he could and spent all day picking up fares on the street the rest of the time,going out early and returning late,and only then if he’d earned his daily quota,regardless of the hour or the state of his legs.

258)只有这个张妈,已经跟了他们五六年,唯一的原因是她敢破口就骂,不论先生,哪管太太,招恼了她就是一顿。

Nanny Zhang,on the other hand,had been with them five or six years;she owed her longevity to her abusive mouth.Whether it was the master or one of his wives,no annoyance went unnoted.

259)他只看见钱,多一个是一个,不管买卖的苦甜,不管是和谁抢生意;

Money,every single coin,was all that mattered,not how much the effort cost him or who he had to fight for it.

260)汽车迎头来了,卷起地上所有的灰土,祥子不躲,不论汽车的喇叭怎样的响,不管坐车的怎样着急。

He never made way for cars that roared toward him,sending dust flying,no matter how threateningly they honked their horns or how their occupants cursed and screamed.

两个否定标记可以由“没有”“没”来体现,如下面例261)至例264)。

261)刘老头子没有夸奖过他一句,没有格外多看过他一眼;老头子心里有数儿。

Old Man Liu never uttered a word of praise or ever gave him a special look.

262)…but it had no pictures or conversations in it,‘and what is the use of a book,’thought Alice‘without pictures or conversations?’

可是书里又没有画儿,又没有说话,她就想道,“一本书里又没有画儿,又没有说话,那样书要它干什么呢?”

263)‘I never saw one,or heard of one,’said Alice.

阿丽思道,“我从没看见过也没听见过这么样东西。”

264)这句话没人能够驳倒,没人能把它解释开;那么,谁能拦着祥子不往低处去呢?!

No one could dispute the logic or offer a reasonable explanation,so what was to keep him from sinking lower and lower?

两个否定标记还可以由书面语意味较浓的“无”这个字来体现,如下面例265)至例267)。

265)那吃不上饭的,当已无处去当,卖已无处去卖——即使有东西可当或卖——因为天色已黑上来。

For those who had nothing to eat,it was too late to pawn or sell anything—if they had anything to pawn or sell in the first place—…

266)他无亲无故的,已经埋在了东直门外义地里,

—who died recently with no heirs or family and was buried in the potter’s field outside Dongzhi Gate.

267)成绩是无可补救了,停学也无法反抗,他想在曹先生身上泄泄怒气。

It was too late for Ruan Ming to improve his grades or to resist expulsion,so he decided to focus his wrath on Mr.Cao.