Ⅰ.Birth of Pile Fermentation Technology
In 1972, after several mergers, Yunnan Tea Branch of China Native Products and Livestock Import and Export Corporation (CNNP)was established.In 1973, Kunming Tea Factory conducted research on pile fermentation technology, and successfully produced fermented Pu’er tea in trial in 1974.Pile fermentation technology used to produce fermented Pu’er tea became a revolutionary innovation in Pu’er tea industry.
图1-5 潮水
图1-6 微生物固态发酵
1976年，为了满足出口需求，中国土产畜产云南茶叶进出口公司规范普洱茶唛号，饼茶用4位数字编号，头两位数为该茶生产创建年份，第3位为原料毛茶等级，第4位为茶厂编号（昆明1，勐海2，下关3，普洱4）。散茶用5位数字编号，第3、4位为原料毛茶等级。现在见到的最早的普洱饼茶唛号为7542、7572、8582、7582、7581、75671、76563等。1979年制定了云南省普洱茶制造工艺的试行办法，并在全省国营厂家推广实施。
The pile fermentation of Pu’er tea is to complete a series of reactions under the action of microorganisms, enzymes and damp heat, such as oxidative polymerization of tea polyphenols,hydrolysis and degradation of protein and amino acids, consumption and decomposition of carbohydrates in tea, and mutual polymerization and condensation of various products.Through these reactions, the color of the tea plantule changes from dark green of sun-dried to reddish brown, and the taste changed from thick to mellow, which led to a series of changes of aroma substances, thus forming the unique color, aroma, taste and shape of Pu’er ripe tea—the external color is reddish brown, the soup is thick in red and bright, the aroma is unique and fragrant, the taste is mellow and sweet, and the leaves are in red and brown.
Fig.1-5 Watering
Fig.1-6 Microbial solid-state fermentation
表1-3 现代部分普洱名茶
In 1976, in order to meet the export demand, Yunnan Tea Branch of China Native Products and Livestock Import and Export Corporation (CNNP)standardized the shipping mark Pu’er tea.Four figures were used for cake tea, of which the first two were the year when the tea was produced, the third was the primary tea grade, and the fourth was the tea factory number (1 for Kunming, 2 for Menghai, 3 for Xiaguan and 4 for Pu’er).Five figures were used for loose tea, of which the third and the fourth were primary tea grade.At present, the earliest shipping mark of Pu’er cake tea are 7542, 7572, 8582, 7582, 7581, 75671, 76563, etc.In 1979,the Trial Method of Manufacturing Process of Pu’er tea in Yunnan Province was formulated,and then popularized and implemented in state-owned factories in the whole province.
Tab.1-3 Some of contemporary famous Pu’er tea
随着人民生活的不断提升，对茶叶的需求也不断增长。1986年，全省茶园面积达到12.14万公顷，为1949年的6倍多，茶叶产量3.43万吨，为1949年的13.7倍。云南省逐渐形成以普洱茶、滇红、滇绿为主，几大茶类和再加工茶齐头并进的局面，同时普洱茶的发展也进入了科技时代。