字幕翻译的四个步骤
接手一件字幕翻译的活儿,除了要熟悉上述职业技术指标和规范,还要按照正规的步骤进行操作。字幕翻译一般分为四个步骤:观(viewing)、切(spotting or timing or cueing)、译(translating)、校(editing)。
第一步:观。“观”既包括观看原片,还包括阅读剧本(如果有剧本的话),这是字幕翻译的准备阶段。作为字幕翻译第一步的“观”,不是随随便便看个大致剧情,而是在熟悉剧情的基础上,还需要了解是否有一些非语言信息需要译出,比如人物对白之外的路标、告示、书信、短信等,需要了解剧本台词和实际台词是否有出入,需要确定歌曲的歌词是否需要译出,需要根据剧情和上下文确定语言是否多义,需要确定俚语、行话、专门术语的准确意思。
第二步:切。所谓“切”就是切分对白,确定每一块字幕的出现和淡出时间。“切”是大有学问的。比如,必须保证每一块字幕语义比较完整,保证一行字幕最多32个字符左右,保证一块字幕最多两行,保证每行字幕字数不要少于4个字符,等等。具体原则可参照上文中的技术指标和规范等。
第三步:译,就是翻译字幕。有的字幕员把第二步和第三步合二为一。具体怎么译,我们在下一节中重点解决。
第四步:校。一方面校对字幕翻译是否准确到位,另一方面确保译出字幕是否遵守时间、空间规范。直到这个步骤完成,整个字幕翻译的工作才算告一段落。
还有一种情况,译员已经拿到标准的英文字幕文件,如下例,那么上述步骤的二、三步就可以合二为一,基本按照英文字幕的切分来切分中文字幕,便能比较轻易地制成双语字幕。
课堂练习
这是电影《功夫熊猫》中一段连续的字幕,从第49块字幕开始一直到第71块字幕结束,记录了主人公熊猫阿宝(Po)与父亲之间关于继承祖业的一段比较完整的对话。请试着在英文字幕下面加入中文字幕。
49
00∶03∶55,768→00∶03∶59,670
My son,finally having the noodle dream!
50
00∶04∶01,074→00∶04∶05,067
You don't know how long I've been
waiting for this moment.
51
00∶04∶05,144→00∶04∶07,009
This is a sign,Po.
52
00∶04∶07,080→00∶04∶08,877
A sign of what?
53
00∶04∶08,948→00∶04∶13,578
You are almost ready to be entrusted
with the secret ingredient
54
00∶04∶13,653→00∶04∶15,917
of my Secret Ingredient Soup.
55
00∶04∶15,989→00∶04∶21,120
Then you will fulfill your destiny
and take over the restaurant!
56
00∶04∶21,194→00∶04∶24,686
As I took it over from my father,
who took it over from his father...
57
00∶04∶24,764→00∶04∶27,426
...who won it from a friend in mahjong.
58
00∶04∶27,500→00∶04∶30,196
Dad,Dad,Dad,it was just a dream.
59
00∶04∶30,270→00∶04∶32,568
No,it was the dream.
60
00∶04∶32,639→00∶04∶36,200
We are noodle folk.
Broth runs through our veins.
61
00∶04∶36,276→00∶04∶40,178
But,Dad,didn't you ever want
to do something else?
62
00∶04∶40,246→00∶04∶42,111
Something besides noodles?
63
00∶04∶42,181→00∶04∶45,116
Actually,when I was young and crazy,
64
00∶04∶45,184→00∶04∶49,245
I thought about running away
and learning how to make tofu.
65
00∶04∶49,322→00∶04∶50,448
Why didn't you?
66
00∶04∶50,523→00∶04∶52,286
Because it was a stupid dream.
67
00∶04∶53,059→00∶04∶56,495
Can you imagine me making tofu?
68
00∶04∶57,297→00∶04∶58,992
Tofu.
69
00∶04∶59,065→00∶05∶02,466
No!We all have our place in this world.
70
00∶05∶02,535→00∶05∶05,095
Mine is here,and yours is...
71
00∶05∶05,171→00∶05∶06,399
I know,is here.
英汉对照版
My son,finally having the noodle dream!
我儿子终于梦到面条了
You don't know how long I've been
waiting for this moment.
你不知道我等这一刻都等了多久
This is a sign,Po.
这是个好兆头
A sign of what?
什么好兆头
You are almost ready to be entrusted
with the secret ingredient of my Secret Ingredient Soup.
我终于可以把
私酿密汤的配方传给你了
Then you will fulfill your destiny
and take over the restaurant!
这样你就能不辱使命
继承这间饭馆了
As I took it over from my father,
who took it over from his father...
就像我子承父业
父承祖父业一样
...who won it from a friend in mahjong.
这店可是爷爷打麻将从朋友手里赢来的
Dad,Dad,Dad,it was just a dream.
老爸老爸 不过是场梦
No,it was the dream.
这是注定的梦
We are noodle folk.
Broth runs through our veins.
我们是面条世家
血脉里流淌着面条肉汤
But,Dad,didn't you ever want
to do something else?
可是老爸你有没有想过做点别的
Something besides noodles?
除了面条之外
Actually,when I was young and crazy,
其实我还年少轻狂的时候
I thought about running away
and learning how to make tofu.
也想过离家出走
去学做豆腐
Why didn't you?
为什么没去
Because it was a stupid dream.
因为那是黄粱美梦
Can you imagine me making tofu?
你能想象我做豆腐的样子吗
Tofu.
豆腐
No!We all have our place in this world.
别提了 我们各有其命
Mine is here,and yours is...
我就是面条命 而你
I know,is here.
我知道了 也是面条命