《西北偏北》:阅读剧本
《西北偏北》(North by Northwest)是1959年由希区柯克执导,加里·格兰特主演的惊险电影。这部电影被认为是导演希区柯克最著名的经典之作,影片情节跌宕起伏,扣人心弦,亦被看作电影史上的悬疑片典范。影片没有把紧张悬念作为最主要的元素,而是加入大量幽默的对白,加强了人物性格的刻画。片中没有自始至终围绕一个悬念发展情节,这本来是希区柯克很多早期作品中常用的手法,而在这部作品中导演采用一波刚平一波又起的手法,让层次递增而又花样百出的段落悬念超越了总体悬念。除了保持他一贯的悬疑风格之外,希区柯克还加入了惊险片的元素,如层出不穷的悬念以及一波又一波的惊险场面,其中的大量段落被无数后辈模仿,却无法超越。
而由Ernest Lehman执笔的希区柯克电影《西北偏北》剧本,如文学作品一般流畅自然,其出色之处不在于其文学性的体现,而在于其清晰的动作为导演提供了极好的原始素材。以下是其中最为经典的片段——玉米田里的直升机追杀。
例:
Helicopter Shot—Exterior,Highway 41—Afternoon
WE STRAT CLOSE on a Greyhound bus,SHOOTING DOWN on it and TRAVELING ALONG with it as it speeds in an easterly direction at seventy mph.Gradually,CAMERA DRAWS AWAY from the bus,going higher but never losing sight of the vehicle,which recedes into the distance below and becomes a toylike object on an endless ribbon of deserted highway that stretches across miles of flat prairie.Now the bus is slowing down.It is nearing a junction where a small dirt road coming from nowhere crosses the highway and continues on to nowhere.The bus stops.A man gets out.It is THORNHILL.But to us he is only a tiny figure.The bus starts away,moves on out of sight.And now THORNHILL stands alone beside the road—a tiny figure in the middle of nowhere.
On the Ground—with Thornhill—(Master Scene)
(……)
Almost immediately,he HEARS THE PLANE ENGINE BEING GUNNED TO A HIGHER SPEED.He glances off sharply,sees the plane veering off its parallel course and heading towards him.He stands there wideeyed,rooted to the spot.The plane roars on,a few feet off the ground.There are two men in the twin cockpits,goggled,unrecognizable,menacing.He yells out to them,but his voice is LOST IN THE NOISE OF THE PLANE.In a moment it will be upon him and decapitate him.Desperately he drops to the ground and presses himself flat as the plane zooms over him with a great noise,almost combing his hair with a landing wheel.
THORNHILL scrambles to his feet,sees the plane banking and turning.He looks about wildly,sees a telephone pole and dashes for it as the plane comes at him again.He ducks behind the pole.The plane heads straight for him,veers to the right at the last moment.We HEAR two sharp CRACKS OF GUNFIRE mixed with the SOUND of the ENGINE,as two bullets slam into the pole just above THORNHILL's head.
高空俯摄——外景,41号公路——下午
我们先看到地面上有一部灰狗巴士,我们随着它以70英里速度飞驰过公路。逐渐地,镜头拉高,却仍随着巴士前进。巴士现在宛如在广大荒原上公路中的小玩具,它逐渐慢下来了。在与公路交叉的小路口,巴士停住。一个男人下车,他就是桑希尔,但我们只看到他一丁点的身影。巴士又开走了,滑出画面。桑希尔独自站在路边,在不知名的广大土地上,只有他一个小小的身影。
地面——桑希尔——(主镜头)
……
不久,他听到飞机引擎转得更快的声音。他迅速地一瞥,看到那架飞机改变水平方向,朝他而来。他站在那儿目瞪口呆,动弹不得。飞机呼啸而来,离地只有数英尺,座舱内有两个人,是不认识的人。他向他们喊叫,但声音被飞机掩盖。不久,飞机又向他冲过来,他跌倒在地。当飞机从头顶呼啸而过时,他在地上,机轮几乎碰到他的头发。
桑希尔爬起来,看到飞机倾斜转弯并调头。他看看四周,发现一根电线杆。当飞机又冲过来时,他跑向电线杆,躲在后面,飞机转向右方。我们听到尖锐的撞击声,炮火声里夹杂着引擎声,有两颗子弹掠过桑希尔的头顶,打中电线杆。
该剧本是由台湾地区电影学者焦雄屏翻译的,焦雄屏现任台湾电影金马奖评委会主席,台北艺术大学电影创造研究所所长。1981年毕业于美国德州奥斯汀分校影视专业硕士学位,就读于UCLA博士班,是台湾地区新电影的重要推动人,为台湾新电影做了理论上的论述与介绍。她策划出版了《电影馆》丛书等,监制作品有《香港情怀》《望乡》《洞》《十七岁的单车》等。
本章节所引的剧本及翻译源自《认识电影》这部著作。焦雄屏在译者序里讲述了自己翻译此书的缘由,即主要是为了教学的便利,同时也希望译出一本优良的教科书。事实上,该译本出版后颇受欢迎。基于译者在电影行业的资深背景和丰富经历,其翻译时或许较普通译者更得心应手一些,因为仅以该剧本翻译的节选来看,译文流畅自然,语言上贴近汉语的表达习惯,能够较好地再现原剧本中对场景的细致表述和对人物动作的精彩描摹。
譬如“The bus stops.A man gets out.It is THORNHILL.But to us he is only a tiny figure.The bus starts away,moves on out of sight.And now THORNHILL stands alone beside the road—a tiny figure in the middle of nowhere.”该句用几个简洁短促的句子描绘出当时的场面和主人公的形态,译文延续原文的句型和结构,并稍做调整,使得表达既符合原作中短促精练的风格,又贴合译入语的习惯。
再如,“Desperately he drops to the ground and presses himself flat as the plane zooms over him with a great noise,almost combing his hair with a landing wheel.”该句中使用了几个颇为形象的动词“press”“zoom”“comb”,将桑希尔与飞机周旋的场面刻画得极为生动。译文表达出了几个关键性动词的含义,尤其是“zoom over him with a great noise”译得不错,“从头顶呼啸而过”既翻译出“zoom”的响声和急速上升的含义,同时又不失简洁与流畅。但其他几个动词的翻译少了一些生动性,在表现力上略有欠缺。譬如“comb”那个分句可以译为“机轮几乎擦着他头皮划过”,或许更有紧迫感和形象性。
同时,原剧作中的大写字母,表示对具体场景、摄影机位置以及主人公的强调,如“HEARS THE PLANE ENGINE BEING GUNNED TO A HIGHER SPEED”“CAMERA DRAWS AWAY”“THORNHILL”等。遗憾的是,在译文中,这种大写的特征并没有得到体现。事实上,电影剧本区别于其他文学作品,其中一个重要特征就是这种以大写来强调摄影机位置或突出某一场景的方式。因此,笔者认为,或许译文中以斜体的中文或者加粗的中文来表现这个特点,似乎更为合适。